WAVES, EMW, SOUND
GANTSI SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
1 Fig.1.1 shows the waveform produced by Ofentse moving one end of a string
while the other end is fixed.
Fig.1.1
(a) Name the lengths represented by X and Y.
X ………………………………………………………
Y …………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) Describe how the frequency of the movement of Ofentse’s hand may be
found.
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………[2]
2 Fig.2.1 shows waves on the surface of a liquid.
Fig.2.1
(i) What type of wave is illustrated?
………………………………………………….
(ii) On the diagram, show one wavelength and label it λ.
(iii) X is a particle on the surface of the liquid.
On the diagram, draw an arrow to show the direction in which the particle is
moving. [3]
3 (a) Fig.3.1 represents a wave motion.
Fig.3.1
(i) Does the motion represent a longitudinal or transverse wave?
………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Give one example of
1 a longitudinal wave ………………………………………………
2 a transverse wave ………………………………………………….
(iii) Which letter in Fig.3.1 represents
1 the amplitude ………………………………………………………..
2 the wavelength? ................................................................................
[5]
(b) A wave has a wavelength of 0.8 m and a speed of 2 m/s. What is the frequency
of the wave?
Frequency = ………………..Hz [2]
4 A teacher demonstrated the formation of longitudinal waves using a slinky spring
as shown below.
Fig.4.1
(a) On Fig.4.1, mark one region of compression with letter C and one region of
rarefaction with the letter R. [1]
(b) (i) It was observed that each wave-front took 4.0 seconds to travel the whole
length of the spring. If the spring is 2.0 m long, calculate the speed of the waves.
Speed = ……………m/s [2]
(ii) The distance between two successive compressions is 0.60 m. Use your
answer to (b) (i) to calculate the frequency of the waves.
Frequency = ………….Hz [2]
5 (a) Fig.5.1 shows the graph of the variation of the displacement of a wave with
distance along the wave at a particular time.
Fig.5.1
State the values for
(i) the amplitude of the wave …………………………
(ii) the wavelength of the wave ………………………..[2]
(b) Fig.5.2 shows the graph of the variation of the displacement of the same wave
with time at a particular point along the wave.
Fig.5.2
State values for
(i) the time for one complete cycle (Period T) ………………………
(ii) the frequency f of the wave ………………………………[2]
(c) Calculate the speed of the wave drawn in Figs.5.1 and 5.2.
[3]
6 Fig.6.1 shows the wave-fronts of water waves traveling from region B to region
A.
Fig.6.1
(i) Name the property of the waves shown as the waves cross the boundary XY.
………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Are the waves entering a deeper or a shallower region?
…………………………………………………………………………….
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [3]
7 Fig.7.1 shows peaks of ripples incident on a barrier.
Fig.7.1
On Fig.7.1,
(ii) draw, as accurately as possible, the parts of the ripples which have already
been reflected by the barrier.
8 When a trawler moves into a harbour it produces waves on the water surface.
Some of these reflect off the harbour wall. Finish the diagram to show what
happens to these three wave-fronts just after they reflect.
[3]
9 (a) Fig.9.1 shows part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Fig.9.1
Which property is
(i) the wavelength, ………………………………………
(ii) the speed, ……………………………………………
(iii) the frequency. …………………………………..
[3]
8
(b) Some ultra-violet waves have a speed of 3 x 10 m/s and a frequency of
2.5 x 1015 Hz.
Calculate the wavelength of the ultra violet waves.
Wavelength = ………………[2]
10 Fig.10.1 shows the electromagnetic spectrum.
Fig.10.1
(i) Name the type of radiation at B.
……………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) Give two effects of ultraviolet radiation on the human body.
1 …………………………………………………………………….
2 ……………………………………………………………………
[2]
(iii) State the speed of electromagnetic radiation in a vacuum.
…………………………………………………………………………[1]
11 Gamma and radio waves are components of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(a) (i) State two properties which are common to gamma and radio waves.
1 ……………………………………………………………………..
2 ………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) State two properties, which are changing from gamma to radio waves.
1 ………………………………………………………………………….
2…………………………………………………………………………[4]
(b) A radio wave of frequency of 200 000 Hz has a wavelength of 1500 m.
Calculate the speed of the radio waves.
Speed = ……………………….m/s [2]
12 A guitar is a source of sound.
(a) (i) How is sound produced from the guitar?
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(b) Describe how the sound is transmitted through air. You may draw a diagram if
you wish.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………[3]
13 Fig.13.1 shows a sound wave.
Fig.13.1
(i) Name the part labeled C.
…………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(ii) Draw a diagram to show how a particle in the medium will move as the wave
above travels from X to Y.
[2]
(iii) This sound wave has a speed of 330 m/s and a frequency of 100 Hz.
Calculate the wavelength show your working.
Wavelength …………………..m [2]
14 Fig.14.1 shows apparatus used to investigate the transmission of sound.
Fig.14.1
When the circuit is closed, the hammer is seen hitting the gong and sound is
heard.
(i) Describe what is observed as the air is gradually removed from the bell jar.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………...
(ii) What conclusion can be drawn from this investigation?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
[4]
15 In an experiment to determine the speed of sound in air, Tiro and Tirelo stand 400
m apart as shown in Fig.15.1
Fig.15.1
Tiro fires a starter gun. Tirelo measures the time between seeing the smoke and
hearing the sound from the gun. The experiment was repeated and the following
results were obtained.
time t1 = 1.23 s
t2 = 1.27 s
(i) Use the results above to calculate the average speed of sound.
Average speed = ……………
(ii) How would the value obtained in (b)(i) be affected if
1. the sound from the gun was louder?
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
2. a light wind blew from Tiro to Tirelo?
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..
[5]
16 A thunderstorm approaches Tebogo’s village. The village is near a cliff.
(a) (i) The thunderstorm produces thunder and lightning.
Which of the two is observed first?
…………………………………………………………………………………
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………......[2]
(ii) Tebogo hears thunder and then a second similar but quieter sound.
State the term used to describe this second sound.
……………………………………………………………………………[1]
(iii) Explain why the first sound is louder than the second sound.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) Tebogo’s mother calls to her with sound of frequency 500 Hz. The sound
travels with a speed of 300 m/s.
(i) Tick the box next to the correct statement about this sound.
There are 300 complete waves in one second
There are 300 complete waves in one minute
There are 500 complete waves in one second
There are 500 complete waves in one minute
(ii) How long does the sound take to travel a distance of 1200 m?
Time taken = ……………… s [2]
17 This question is about sound.
(a) Complete the sentence.
A normal person can hear sound with frequency ranging from
…………………………..Hz to ………………………..Hz.
(b) (i)What is an ultrasonic sound?
………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………..
(ii) Give one use of an ultrasonic sound.
…………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(c) Tick two boxes corresponding to correct statements.
The speed of sound in air is 3 x 108 m/s.
The speed of sound through a vacuum is 330 m/s.
Sound waves are longitudinal.
Sound cannot travel through a vacuum [2]
(d) The loudness of a sound wave changes. Which property of the sound wave
alters? Tick the correct box.
Amplitude
Frequency
Pitch
Wavelength [1]
(e) State the approximate value for the speed of sound in water.
………………………………………………….. m/s [1]
18 This question is about ultrasound and its uses.
A fishing trawler is using pulses of ultrasound (sonar) to find a shoal of fish.
(a) A pulse of ultrasound is sent into the water.
It takes 0.1 s to reach the sea bed.
It is reflected back off the sea bed.
Calculate the speed of ultrasound in sea water.
Show how you work out your answer.
Speed = ……………………m/s [3]
(b) The shoal of fish moves under the trawler.
(i) How will this change the time taken for the echo to return?
Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(c) Suggest why the echo lasts longer than the pulse sent out.
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………[2]
19 The diagram shows Ben’s drum kit in a recording studio.
(a) Ben hits drum A. This makes a sound. Why?
…………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) Describe how the sound from the drum reaches the microphone.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
(c) Ben hits the drum harder.
How does this affect the sound? Explain.
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(d) Drum B is bigger than drum A. Ben strikes drum B. The pitch of the sound
produced is lower than that from drum A.
Is the frequency of the sound from the drum B the same, greater, or less than that
from drum A?
…………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(e) When practicing at home, Ben plays the drum in a small room. He makes a
very loud sound.
Why are loud sounds a danger to Ben?
…………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(f) Ben puts a blanket inside the drum. This makes the sound quieter.
How has the blanket made the sounds quieter?
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………[1]
20 Fig.20.1 shows a ruler fixed to the edge of a table to produce sound.
Fig.20.1
(a) (i) Describe what happens to the molecules of air near the ruler as the sound is
produced.
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) Distance l is reduced and the ruler is plucked. What happens to the pitch of
sound? Tick one box.
Pitch is increased
Pitch is constant
Pitch is decreased
(iii) What kind of sound is produced when distance l is increased? Tick one box.
Soft sound
Low sound
Loud sound
[3]
21 A microphone is connected to a cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO). Three different
sounds are made in front of the microphone producing waveforms A, B and C on
the CRO. Fig.21.1 illustrates the wave-forms seen on the screen.
Fig.21.1
(a) How does the sound of waveform A differ from the sound of waveform C?
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(b) How does the sound of waveform A differ from the sound of waveform B?
…………………………………………………………………………………[1]
22 A guitar is played in a large empty hall and its sound seems to be prolonged.
Explain why the sound seems to be prolonged.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
13 The lines in Fig.13.1 represent the positions of equally spaced ‘rows’ of
molecules of air before a sound wave passes through the air. The lines in Fig.13.2
represent the positions of the same ‘rows at one particular instant as the sound
wave passes. The wave is moving from left to right.
(a) State the numbers of three ‘rows’ in Fig.12.2 which, as well as being next to
one another, are
(i) in a region of compression, ………… …………… ………….
(ii) in a region of rarefaction. …………. …………… …………
[2]
(b) Figs.12.1 and 12.2 are drawn to full scale. Estimate the wavelength of the
wave.
Wavelength = ……………[1]
(c) The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s. Estimate the frequency of the wave.
Frequency = ………………[3]
