OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

AIR NAVIGATION ORDER

[[[ [[

VERSION : 3.0
DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION : 01.01.2018
OFFICE OF PRIME INTEREST : Flight Standards Directorate (FSD)

01/01/2018 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0
 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

A. AUTHORITY:

A1. This Air Navigation Order (ANO) is issued by the Director General of the Civil Aviation
Authority (CAA) in pursuance of the powers vested under Rule 4 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994
(CARs 94).

B. PURPOSE:

B1. Provision of expanded regulatory information to the Operators on:

B1.1 Rule 187 that states “the Director-General shall issue or renew Air Operator
Certificates, when he is satisfied that an applicant has demonstrated that his
equipment, organisation, staffing, maintenance and other arrangements are
adequate to secure the safe operation of the types of aircraft to be included in the
certificate, on such flights as are to be authorised, and that the applicant can establish
and maintain a satisfactory method of supervision of these flight operations.
Satisfactory method of supervision of the flight operations under ICAO Standards, is
defined to be as Operational Control;

B1.2 Rule 189 states that the Operator shall comply with such rules as are applicable and
with all the operating conditions attached to the certificate and shall conduct his
operations at least to the standard of flight safety required to qualify for the issue of
such a certificate. Operating conditions attached to the AOC are contained in
Operations Specifications which are applicable to Operator, Pilot-in-Command and
flight operations officer.

C. SCOPE:

C1. This ANO covers the regulatory requirements for all Operators to exercise Operational Control
over all commercial flights they conduct. It also covers as to who may be delegated to with the
responsibility of Operational Control.

D. DESCRIPTION:

D1. DEFINITIONS:

D1.1 For the purpose of this ANO and in line with ICAO Standards and Recommended
Practices, the following terms are defined as hereunder:

D1.1.1 Aeroplane: A power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight

chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed under
given conditions of flight.;

D1.1.2 Aircraft: Any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the
reactions of the air other than the reactions of the air against the earth’s
surface. For the purpose of this ANO, it would mean both, fixed wing and
rotary wing aircraft;

D1.1.3 Air Operator Certificate (AOC): A certificate authorizing an Operator to carry

out specified commercial air transport operations, including Air Operator
Certificate issued under the Civil Aviation Rules, 1994 (CARs, 94);

01/01/2018 Page 1 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D1.1.4 Approval: An approval is an active response by the PCAA to a matter

submitted for its review. It constitutes a finding or determination of compliance
with the applicable standards and will be evidenced by the signature of the
approving official, the issuance of a document or certificate, or some other
formal action taken by the PCAA;

D1.1.5 PCAA: Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan;

D1.1.6 Competent Authority: The Director General, Civil Aviation Authority

(DGCAA) or an officer/any other person delegated the authority by DGCAA
under Rule 5 of CARs, 94;

D1.1.7 Commercial Air Transport Operation: An aircraft operation involving the

transport of passengers, cargo or mail for remuneration or hire; alternatively it
is an aviation operation other than private operation (under Part XI & XII of
CARs 94, and ICAO Annex 6, Part. I & III). Operations under this head are:

D1.1.7.1 Regular Public Transport Operations: A flight operations in which

an aircraft is used for the carriage of passengers or cargo for hire or
reward in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed
terminals over specific routes with or without intermediate stopping
places between terminals, and any reference to “Regular Public
Transport” (RPT) has a corresponding meaning;

D1.1.7.2 Charter Operation: A flight operations in which an aircraft is used

for the carriage of passengers or cargo for hire or reward; and any
reference to “Charter” has a corresponding meaning:

a) To and from any place but not in accordance with fixed

schedules to and from fixed terminals; or

b) In accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed terminals

in circumstances in which the accommodation in the aircraft is
not available for use by members of the public;

D1.1.7.3 Aerial Work Operations: An aircraft operation in which an aircraft is

used for specialized services such as agriculture, construction,
photography, surveying, observation and patrol, search and rescue,
aerial advertisement, etc.;

D1.1.8 EDTO (Extended Diversion Time Operations). Any operation by an

aeroplane with two or more turbine engines where the diversion time to an en-
route alternate aerodrome is greater than the threshold time established by
PCAA.

D1.1.9 Flight Manual: A manual, associated with the certificate of airworthiness,

containing limitations within which the aircraft is to be considered airworthy,
and instructions and information necessary to the flight crew members for the
safe operation of the aircraft;

D1.1.10 Flight Operations Officer/Flight Dispatcher: A person designed by the

Operator to engage in the control and supervision of flight operations, whether
licensed or not, suitably qualified in accordance with CAA Licensing ANO-012-
XXLC-4.0, who supports, briefs and / or assists the Pilot-in-Command in the
safe conduct of the flight;

01/01/2018 Page 2 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D1.1.11 Flight Recorder: Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose
of complementing accident/incident investigation;

D1.1.12 Flight Safety Documents System: A set of inter-related documentation

established by the Operator, compiling and organizing information necessary
for flight and ground operations, and comprising, as a minimum, the
Operations Manual and the Operator’s Maintenance Control Manual;

D1.1.13 Inspector: Inspector duly authorized by the Competent Authority under Rule 5
of CARs 94;

D1.1.14 Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC): Meteorological conditions

expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling (As defined in
ICAO Annex 2), less than the minima specified for visual meteorological
conditions.

Note: The specified minima for visual meteorological conditions are contained
in Chapter 4 of ICAO Annex 2.

D1.1.15 Operations Manual: A manual containing procedures, policies, instructions,

checklists, and guidance for use by the operational personnel in the execution
of their duties. It would essentially include all the manuals and other
requirements as specified in ANO-003-FSXX-5.0 (Contents of Operations
Manual) either by reference or otherwise and shall be approved by the PCAA;

D1.1.16 Operational Control: The exercise of authority over the initiation,

continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of the safety of
the aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the flight.

D1.1.17 Operations Specifications: The authorizations, conditions and limitations

associated with the Air Operator Certificate and subject to the conditions in the
Operations Manual.

D1.1.18 Operator: A person, company, organization or enterprise engaged in or

offering to engage in an aircraft operation under an Air Operator Certificate
issued by the PCAA in accordance with CARs 94;

D1.1.19 Rules: Civil Aviation Rules, 1994 (CARs, 94), as amended from time to time;

D1.1.20 Serious injury: An injury which is sustained by a person in an accident and

which:

a) Requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, commencing within seven

days from the date the injury was received; or
b) Results in a fracture of any bone (except simple fractures of fingers, toes
or nose); or
c) Involves lacerations which cause severe haemorrhage, nerve, muscle or
tendon damage; or
d) Involves injury to any internal organ; or
e) Involves second or third degree burns, or any burns affecting more than 5
per cent of the body surface; or
f) Involves verified exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation.

01/01/2018 Page 3 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D1.1.21 Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC): Meteorological conditions

expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling (As defined in
ICAO Annex 2), equal to or better than specified minima.

D2. OPERATIONAL CONTROL:

D2.1 Operational Control is defined as the exercise of authority over the initiation,
continuation, diversion or termination of a flight in the interest of the safety of the
aircraft and the regularity and efficiency of the flight.

D2.2 Civil Aviation Rules and relevant Air Navigation Orders require an Operator to
establish and maintain a method of control and supervision of flight operations which is
approved by PCAA.

D2.3 Operational Control systems may vary with the kind of operation the Operator is
authorised/proposed to conduct, the complexity of the operations, the means of
communication, and with the persons who are involved in preparing for and conducting
flights under the Operator's Operational Control system.

D2.4 In addition to foregoing, following factors should also be taken into consideration for
the purpose of Operational Control functions, organization and responsibilities:

D2.4.1 Rapidly improving communications capabilities and advances in weather

forecasting and reporting in some areas have brought about a trend towards
consolidation and centralization of Operational Control facilities;

D2.4.2 Availability of computerized or stored flight plans and fuel load determination
and the use of direct pilot/operations control centre communications have
facilitated the performance of the Operational Control of flights;

D2.4.3 The Pilot-in-Command may, in many cases, have more up-to-date information
and may be in a better position to evaluate evolving flight conditions than
personnel in a distantly located.

D3. RESPONSIBILITY:

D3.1 An Operator or a designated representative shall have Operational Control

responsibility.

D3.2 The actual responsibilities assigned shall be a part of the approved method of control
and supervision of flight operations.

D3.3 Responsibility for Operational Control shall be delegated only to the Pilot-in-Command
and to a flight operations officer. Both are jointly responsible for the pre-flight planning,
delay, and dispatch release of a flight in compliance with this ANO and Operator’s
operations specifications.

D4. OPERATIONAL MANUAL:

D4.1 The description of the Operational Control system shall be described in Operations
Manual which shall be approved by PCAA and shall include the following information,
as appropriate to the kind of operation:

01/01/2018 Page 4 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D4.1.1 Organization and management system with responsibilities for the Operational
Control of all flights in accordance with operating regulations of PCAA
applicable to aircraft operations;

D4.1.2 List of name and title of each person designated as representative with the
responsibility for Operational Control by the Operator;

D4.1.3 Related policies, processes, standards and procedures;

D4.1.4 Method of Operational Control and supervision of flight operations which shall
require an approval of PCAA;

D4.1.5 Functions and responsibilities of flight crew and flight operations officers/flight
dispatchers for the initiation, continuation, diversion and termination of flights;

D4.1.6 Guidance on the conditions that must be met before a flight may be initiated or
continued, or under which a flight shall be diverted or terminated;

D4.1.7 Methods and procedures for initiating, diverting, and terminating flights;

D4.1.8 Persons or duty positions authorised to, and responsible for, exercise of
Operational Control;

D4.1.9 Facilities and location of facilities used by the Operator in the exercise of
Operational Control;

D4.1.10 Communication systems and procedures used by the Operator;

D4.1.11 Special co-ordination methods and/or procedures used by the Operator to

assure the aircraft is airworthy;

D4.1.12 Emergency notification procedures.

D4.2 In practice, it is not feasible for an individual to exercise Operational Control without
assistance in any but the simplest of flight operations. Most Operators create
specialised departments for crew scheduling, load control, and other functions. These
functions may or may not be placed under the management and supervision of the
"flight control" department. When these functions are delegated to specialised sections
of the Operator’s organisation, the Operator shall be responsible for the following:

D4.2.1 Establishing a means to ensure that all functions have been accomplished
before a flight can be authorised to depart;

D4.2.2 Establish effective internal communications, operating procedures, and

administrative controls to meet this obligation;

D4.2.3 Ensuring that these procedures are published in the Operators Operations
Manual.

D4.3 The operational manual shall be amended or revised as is necessary, to ensure that
the info contained therein is kept upto date. All such amendment or revision shall be
issued to all personal that are required to use this manual.

D4.4 PCAA shall establish a requirement for the operator to provide a copy of the operations
manual together with all amendments and/or revisions, for review and acceptance and,

01/01/2018 Page 5 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

where required, approval. The operator shall incorporate in the operations manual
such mandatory material as the PCAA may require.

Note 1: Requirements for the organization and content of an operations manual are
provided in ANO-003-FSXX.

Note 2: Specific items in the operations manual require the approval of PCAA in
accordance with the Standards in ANO-003-FSXX.

D5. DUTIES OF PILOT-IN-COMMAND:

D5.1 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for the safety of all crew members,
passengers and cargo on board when the doors are closed. The pilot-in-command
shall also be responsible for the operation and safety of the aeroplane from the
moment the aeroplane is ready to move for the purpose of taking off until the moment
it finally comes to rest at the end of the flight and the engine(s) used as primary
propulsion units are shut down.

D5.2 The pilot-in-command shall use the checklist prior to, during and after all phases of
operations, and in emergency, to ensure compliance with the operating procedures
contained in the aircraft operating manual and the aeroplane flight manual or other
documents associated with the certificate of airworthiness and otherwise in the
operations manual. The design and utilization of checklists shall observe Human
Factors principles.

D5.3 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for notifying the nearest appropriate
authority by the quickest available means of any accident involving the aeroplane,
resulting in serious injury or death of any person or substantial damage to the
aeroplane or property.

Note: A definition of the term “serious injury” is contained in D1.1.19.

D5.4 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for reporting all known or suspected defects
in the aeroplane, to the operator, at the termination of the flight.

D5.5 The pilot-in-command shall be responsible for the journey log book or the general
declaration containing the information listed in Para D11.4.1, ANO-024-FSXX.

Note: By virtue of Resolution A10-36 of the Tenth Session of the Assembly (Caracas,
June–July 1956) “the General Declaration, [described in Annex 9] when
prepared so as to contain all the information required by Article 34 [of the
Convention on International Civil Aviation] with respect to the journey log book,
may be considered by Contracting States to be an acceptable form of journey
log book”.

D5.6 Each Pilot-in-Command has full control and authority in the operation of the aircraft,
without limitation, over other crewmembers and their duties during flight time, whether
or not he holds valid certificates authorizing him to perform the duties of those
crewmembers.

D5.7 The Pilot-in-Command is the person ultimately responsible for the safety of the flight.

01/01/2018 Page 6 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D6. DUTIES OF FLIGHT OPERATIONS OFFICER / FLIGHT DISPATCHER:

D6.1 A flight operations officer/flight dispatcher in conjunction with a method of control and
supervision of flight operations in accordance with Para D4.2.1.3, ANO-024-FSXX
shall:

D6.1.1 Assist the pilot-in-command in flight preparation and provide the relevant
information;

D6.1.2 Assist the pilot-in-command in preparing the operational and ATS flight plans,
sign when applicable and file the ATS flight plan with the appropriate ATS unit;

D6.1.3 Furnish the pilot-in-command while in flight, by appropriate means, with

information which may be necessary for the safe conduct of the flight; and

D6.1.4 Notify the appropriate ATS unit when the position of the aeroplane cannot be
determined by an aircraft tracking capability, and attempts to establish
communication are unsuccessful.

D6.2 In the event of an emergency, a flight operations officer/flight dispatcher shall:

D6.1.4 Initiate such procedures as outlined in the operations manual while avoiding
taking any action that would conflict with ATC procedures; and

D6.3.5 Convey safety-related information to the pilot-in-command that may be

necessary for the safe conduct of the flight, including information related to any
amendments to the flight plan that become necessary in the course of the
flight.

Note: It is equally important that the pilot-in-command also convey similar

information to the flight operations officer/ flight dispatcher during the
course of the flight, particularly in the context of emergency situations.

D6.3 When the State of the Operator requires that a flight operations officer/flight dispatcher,
employed in conjunction with an approved method of control and supervision of flight
operations, be licensed, that flight operations officer/flight dispatcher shall be licensed
in accordance with the provisions of ICAO Annex 1.

D6.4 In accepting proof of qualifications other than the option of holding of a flight operations
officer/flight dispatcher licence, the State of the Operator, in accordance with the
approved method of control and supervision of flight operations, shall require that, as a
minimum, such persons meet the requirements specified in ICAO Annex 1 for the flight
operations officer/flight dispatcher licence.

D6.5 A flight operations officer/flight dispatcher shall not be assigned to duty unless that
person has:

D6.5.1 Satisfactorily completed the operator-specific training course that addresses all
the specific components of its approved method of control and supervision of
flight operations specified in Para D4.2.1.3, ANO-024-FSXX;

Note: Guidance on the composition of such training syllabi is provided in the

Training Manual (Doc 7192), Part D-3 — Flight Operations
Officers/Flight Dispatchers.

01/01/2018 Page 7 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D6.5.2 Made, within the preceding 12 months, at least a one-way qualification flight in
the flight crew compartment of an aeroplane over any area for which that
individual is authorized to exercise flight supervision. The flight should include
landings at as many aerodromes as practicable;

Note: For the purpose of the qualification flight, the flight operations
officer/flight dispatcher must be able to monitor the flight crew
intercommunication system and radio communications, and be able to
observe the actions of the flight crew.

D6.5.3 Demonstrated to the operator a knowledge of:

D6.5.3.1 The contents of the operations manual described in

ANO-003-FSXX;

D6.5.3.2 The radio equipment in the aeroplanes used; and

D6.5.3.3 The navigation equipment in the aeroplanes used;

D6.5.4 Demonstrated to the operator a knowledge of the following details concerning

operations for which the officer is responsible and areas in which that
individual is authorized to exercise flight supervision:

D6.5.4.1 The seasonal meteorological conditions and the sources of

meteorological information;

D6.5.4.2 The effects of meteorological conditions on radio reception in the

aeroplanes used;

D6.5.4.3 The peculiarities and limitations of each navigation system which is

used by the operation; and

D6.5.4.4 The aeroplane loading instructions;

D6.5.5 Demonstrated to the operator knowledge and skills related to human

performance relevant to dispatch duties; and

D6.5.6 Demonstrated to the operator the ability to perform the duties specified in Para
D4.6, ANO-024-FSXX.

D6.6 Recommendation. A flight operations officer/flight dispatcher assigned to duty should

maintain complete familiarization with all features of the operation which are pertinent
to such duties, including knowledge and skills related to human performance.

Note: Guidance material to design training programmes to develop knowledge and

skills in human performance can be found in the Human Factors Training
Manual (Doc 9683).

D6.7 Recommendation. A flight operations officer/flight dispatcher should not be assigned

to duty after 12 consecutive months of absence from such duty, unless the provisions
of Para D6.5 are met.

01/01/2018 Page 8 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D7. OPERATIONAL CONTROL - FUNCTIONS:

D7.1 Operators shall conduct Operational Control by making those decisions and
performing those actions on a daily basis that are necessary to operate flights safely
and in compliance with PCAA rules and regulations. Operational Control shall include,
but is not limited to the Operator’s performance of the following functions:

D7.1.1 Ensuring that only those operations authorised by the Operations

Specifications shall be conducted;

D7.1.2 Ensuring that only trained and qualified crewmembers trained and qualified in
accordance with the applicable regulations shall be assigned to conduct a
flight;

D7.1.3 Ensuring that crewmembers shall be in compliance with flight and duty time
requirements when departing on a flight;

D7.1.4 Designating a Pilot-in-Command for each flight;

D7.1.5 Crew and aircraft scheduling;

D7.1.6 Flight planning;

D7.1.7 Procedures for flight crews and other operations personnel to follow in the
performance of their duties;

D7.1.8 Provide the Pilot-in-Command and other personnel who perform Operational
Control functions with access to the necessary information for the safe conduct
of the flight (such as weather, NOTAMs, and airport analysis);

D7.1.9 Specifying the conditions under which a flight may be dispatched or released
(weather minimums, flight planning, airworthiness of aircraft, aircraft loading,
and fuel requirements);

D7.1.10 Ensuring that each flight shall comply with the conditions specified for release
before it is allowed to depart;

D7.1.11 Ensuring that when the conditions specified for a flights release cannot be met,
the flight shall be either cancelled, delayed, re-routed, or diverted; and

D7.1.12 Monitor the progress of each flight and shall ensure initiating timely actions
when the flight cannot be completed as planned, including diverting or
terminating a flight.

D7.1.13 Developing and publishing flight control policies;

D7.1.14 Collecting and disseminating information that is needed to plan and conduct
flights safely, including information about en-route and terminal weather
conditions, navigation, and airport facilities.

D8. PROVISION OF STAFFING:

D8.1 The Operator shall ensure that:

01/01/2018 Page 9 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D8.1.1 Operational Control centre is staffed with sufficient personnel to competently

handle the assigned workload in accordance with operating regulations;

D8.1.2 Daily duty time limitations is prescribed in operations manual for flight
operations officers and is adhered;

D8.1.3 Flight operations officers are not used for performing other functions such as
that of clerks, maintenance officers, etc., to the detriment of the primary
function;

D8.1.4 The conditions at the Operational Control centre facilities such as space,
temperature, lighting, noise level and controlled access are adequate for
carrying out dispatch and Operational Control responsibilities.

D9. COMMUNICATION FACILITIES:

D9.1 The Operator shall ensure that:

D9.1.1 The communications facilities meet the requirements of the proposed

operation;

D9.1.2 The procedures to be used to notify flights regarding hazardous conditions

relating to aerodromes or navigation aids, etc., are adequate;

D9.1.3 NOTAMs to be made available to flight crew personnel in a timely manner;

D9.1.4 Emergency communications, procedures and facilities are adequate;

D9.1.5 Flight operations officers are able to establish rapid and reliable voice
communications with the flight crew at the gate;

D9.1.6 Communications between the Operational Control centre and appropriate ATS
facilities are adequate;

D9.1.7 Air-ground communications and point-to-point circuits used for flight safety
messages are adequate and are reasonably free of congestion to ensure rapid
and reliable communications throughout the geographical area of operations;

D9.1.8 Flight operations officers are familiar with all facets of operations within their
geographical areas of responsibility and are properly authorized and qualified
in the use of all communications channels required by the approved method of
control and supervision of flight operations;

D9.1.9 The necessary emphasis is placed on the timely receipt of messages both in
the aircraft and at the Operational Control centre or en-route stations;

D9.1.10 Facilities for the communication of weather information to en-route stations

and to aircraft are adequate.

D10. METEOROLOGY:

D10.1 The Operator shall ensure that:

01/01/2018 Page 10 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D10.1.1 Adequate procedures have been established to ensure the availability of

weather forecasts and reports needed by the applicant for flight planning
purposes;

D10.1.2 Procedures are established and followed to utilize all useful weather
information pertinent to the area with which the Operational Control is
concerned;

D10.1.3 Up-to-date knowledge is possessed by individual flight operations officers with

respect to meteorology in general and to the weather conditions in the area
with which they are concerned in particular;

D10.1.4 The pilots and the flight operations officers are provided with timely information
pertaining to clear air, turbulence, thunderstorms, icing conditions and volcanic
ash, as well as to the best routes and altitudes for avoiding such occurrences;

D10.1.5 Established procedures is employed by Operational Control for disseminating

information pertaining to clear air turbulence, thunderstorms, volcanic ash,
icing conditions and other significant weather phenomena;

D10.1.6 Procedures are established for provision of adequate weather information to

the Pilot-in-Command at en-route stops.

D11. OPERATIONAL RECORDS:

D11.1 Operators shall ensure that the procedures are established and are followed for the
keeping of records relating to individual flights to ensure that:

D11.1.1 The operational flight plans are completed and retained;

D11.1.2 The operational flight plans provide all the information required by the
operations manual;

D11.1.3 Flight preparation forms are completed and recorded;

D11.1.4 An Operational Control log is maintained and that all watch-keeping is

adequately documented; and

D11.1.5 Oil and fuel records are kept.

D12. FUEL REQUIREMENTS:

D12.1 An aeroplane shall carry a sufficient amount of usable fuel to complete the planned
flight safely and to allow for deviations from the planned operation.

D12.2 The amount of usable fuel to be carried shall, as a minimum, be based on:

D12.2.1 The following data:

D12.2.1.1 Current aeroplane-specific data derived from a fuel consumption

monitoring system, if available; or

D12.2.1.2 If current aeroplane-specific data are not available, data provided by

the aeroplane manufacturer; and

01/01/2018 Page 11 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D12.2.2 The operating conditions for the planned flight including:

D12.2.2.1 Anticipated aeroplane mass;

D12.2.2.2 Notices to Airmen;

D12.2.2.3 Current meteorological reports or a combination of current reports

and forecasts;

D12.2.2.4 Air traffic services procedures, restrictions and anticipated delays;

and

D12.2.2.5 The effects of deferred maintenance items and/or configuration

deviations.

D12.3 The pre-flight calculation of usable fuel required shall include:

D12.3.1 Taxi Fuel, which shall be the amount of fuel expected to be consumed before
take-off, taking into account local conditions at the departure aerodrome and
auxiliary power unit (APU) fuel consumption;

D12.3.2 Trip Fuel, which shall be the amount of fuel required to enable the aeroplane
to fly from take-off, or the point of inflight re-planning, until landing at the
destination aerodrome taking into account the operating conditions of D4.3.6.2
b), ANO-024-FSXX;

D12.3.3 Contingency fuel, which shall be the amount of fuel required to compensate
for unforeseen factors. It shall be five per cent of the planned trip fuel or of the
fuel required from the point of in-flight re-planning based on the consumption
rate used to plan the trip fuel but, in any case, shall not be lower than the
amount required to fly for five minutes at holding speed at 450 m (1 500 ft)
above the destination aerodrome in standard conditions;

Note: Unforeseen factors are those which could have an influence on the
fuel consumption to the destination aerodrome, such as deviations of
an individual aeroplane from the expected fuel consumption data,
deviations from forecast meteorological conditions, extended delays
and deviations from planned routings and/or cruising levels.

D12.3.4 Destination alternate fuel, which shall be:

D12.3.4.1 Where a destination alternate aerodrome is required, the amount of

fuel required to enable the aeroplane to:

D12.3.4.1.1 Perform a missed approach at the destination

aerodrome;

D12.3.4.1.2 Climb to the expected cruising altitude;

D12.3.4.1.3 Fly the expected routing;

D12.3.4.1.4 Descend to the point where the expected approach is

initiated; and

D12.3.4.1.5 Conduct the approach and landing at the destination

alternate aerodrome; or

01/01/2018 Page 12 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D12.3.4.2 Where two destination alternate aerodromes are required, the

amount of fuel, as calculated in 4.3.6.3 d) 1), required to enable the
aeroplane to proceed to the destination alternate aerodrome which
requires the greater amount of alternate fuel; or

D12.3.4.3 Where a flight is operated without a destination alternate aerodrome,

the amount of fuel required to enable the aeroplane to fly for 15
minutes at holding speed at 450 m (1 500 ft) above destination
aerodrome elevation in standard conditions; or

D12.3.4.4 Where the aerodrome of intended landing is an isolated aerodrome:

D12.3.4.4.1 For a reciprocating engine aeroplane, the amount of fuel

required to fly for 45 minutes plus 15 per cent of the
flight time planned to be spent at cruising level,
including final reserve fuel, or two hours, whichever is
less; or

D12.3.4.4.2 For a turbine-engined aeroplane, the amount of fuel

required to fly for two hours at normal cruise
consumption above the destination aerodrome,
including final reserve fuel;

D12.3.4.5 Final reserve fuel, which shall be the amount of fuel calculated using
the estimated mass on arrival at the destination alternate
aerodrome, or the destination aerodrome when no destination
alternate aerodrome is required:

D12.3.4.5.1 For a reciprocating engine aeroplane, the amount of fuel

required to fly for 45 minutes, under speed and altitude
conditions specified by the State of the Operator; or

D12.3.4.5.2 For a turbine-engined aeroplane, the amount of fuel

required to fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 450
m(1 500 ft) above aerodrome elevation in standard
conditions;

D12.3.4.6 Additional fuel, which shall be the supplementary amount of fuel

required if the minimum fuel calculated in accordance with D4.3.6.3
b), c), d) and e), ANO-024-FSXX is not sufficient to:

D12.3.4.6.1 Allow the aeroplane to descend as necessary and

proceed to an alternate aerodrome in the event of
engine failure or loss of pressurization, whichever
requires the greater amount of fuel based on the
assumption that such a failure occurs at the most critical
point along the route;

i) Fly for 15 minutes at holding speed at 450 m (1 500

ft) above aerodrome elevation in standard
conditions; and

ii) Make an approach and landing;

01/01/2018 Page 13 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D12.3.4.6.2 Allow an aeroplane engaged in EDTO to comply with

the EDTO critical fuel scenario as established by the
State of the Operator;

D12.3.4.6.3 Meet additional requirements not covered above;

Note 1: Fuel planning for a failure that occurs at the

most critical point along a route (D4.3.6.3 f) 1),
ANO-024-FSXX) may place the aeroplane in a
fuel emergency situation based on D4.3.7.2,
ANO-024-FSXX.

Note 2: Guidance on EDTO critical fuel scenarios is

contained in ANO-013-FSXX;

D12.3.4.7 Discretionary fuel, which shall be the extra amount of fuel to be

carried at the discretion of the pilot-in-command.

D12.4 Recommendation. Operators should determine one final reserve fuel value for each
aeroplane type and variant in their fleet rounded up to an easily recalled figure.

D12.5 A flight shall not commence unless the usable fuel on board meets the requirements in
D4.3.6.3 a), b), c), d), e) and f), ANO-024-FSXX if required and shall not continue from
the point of in-flight re-planning unless the usable fuel on board meets the
requirements in D4.3.6.3 b), c), d), e) and f), ANO-024-FSXX if required.

D12.6 Notwithstanding the provisions in D4.3.6.3 a), b), c), d) and f), ANO-024-FSXX the
State of the Operator may, based on the results of a specific safety risk assessment
conducted by the operator which demonstrates how an equivalent level of safety will
be maintained, approve variations to the pre-flight fuel calculation of taxi fuel, trip fuel,
contingency fuel, destination alternate fuel, and additional fuel. The specific safety risk
assessment shall include at least the:

D12.6.1 Flight fuel calculations;

D12.6.2 Capabilities of the operator to include:

D12.6.2.1 A data-driven method that includes a fuel consumption monitoring

programme; and/or

D12.6.2.2 The advanced use of alternate aerodromes; and

D12.6.3 Specific mitigation measures.

Note: Guidance on the specific safety risk assessment, fuel consumption

monitoring programmes and the advanced use of alternate aerodromes
is contained in the Flight Planning and Fuel Management (FPFM)
Manual (Doc 9976).

D12.7 The use of fuel after flight commencement for purposes other than originally intended
during pre-flight planning shall require a re-analysis and, if applicable, adjustment of
the planned operation.

Note: Guidance on procedures for in-flight fuel management including re-analysis,

adjustment and/or re-planning considerations when a flight begins to consume

01/01/2018 Page 14 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

contingency fuel before take-off is contained in the Flight Planning and Fuel
Management (FPFM) Manual (Doc 9976).

D13. FUEL AND OIL RECORDS:

D13.1 The operator shall maintain fuel records to enable the State of the Operator to
ascertain that, for each flight, the requirements of D4.3.6 and D4.3.7.1 of ANO-024-
FSXX have been complied with.

D13.2 The operator shall maintain oil records to enable the State of the Operator to ascertain
that trends for oil consumption are such that an aeroplane has sufficient oil to complete
each flight.

D13.3 Fuel and oil records shall be retained by the operator for a period of three months.

D14. PROCEDURES:

D14.1 The Operator shall ensure that procedures are established:

D14.1.1 To ensure that flight operations officers are adequately trained and informed
on important aspects of flight planning such as weather forecasts and
reports, fuel requirements, aerodrome limitations, NOTAM, navigation
equipment, navigation facilities, ATM procedures, aircraft performance data,
etc.;

D14.1.2 To comply with PCAA regulations concerning aircraft performance, i.e. the
computation of the mass of the aircraft and the centre of gravity location,
critical speeds, climb gradients, runway and obstacle clearance limitations,
etc.;

D14.1.3 For the release of a flight which will ensure that the aircraft and its load are
in conformity with the relevant flight release documents, e.g. aircraft
maintenance release, minimum equipment list, configuration deviation list,
aircraft mass and balance form, manifest, etc.;

D14.1.4 For adequate flight monitoring and meet the requirements of PCAA
regulations.

D14.1.5 For flight crew to record and report on routine meteorological observation
during en-route and climb-out phases of the flight and special and other non-
routine; observations during any phase of the flight;

D14.1.6 For flight crew to record and report on volcanic activity;

D14.1.7 To make available to flight crew and operational personnel, at any

aerodrome authorized in its AOC and corresponding operations
specifications, pre-flight aeronautical information essential for the safety,
regularity and efficiency of air navigation;

D14.1.8 For the preparation and dissemination of NOTAM and information contained
in the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) to flight crew and
operations personnel;

01/01/2018 Page 15 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0

 OPERATIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

D14.1.9 For the preparation and dissemination of the information contained in the
Aeronautical Information Regulation and Control (AIRAC) to flight crew and
operations personnel;

D14.1.10 For the preparation and dissemination of the information contained in the
Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC) to flight crew and operations
personnel.

D15. COMPUTATION AND VERIFICATION:

D15.1 The Operator shall ensure that Operations Manual contains the specified procedures,
formats, and forms to be used for computation and verification of computed details. A
flight plan may be computed manually or with computer aids. Operators shall ensure
that flight crew and Operational Control personnel verify the accuracy of planning.
Since even computer generated flight plans are subject to input errors, use of a
computer system that contains internal software to check for errors in flight plans is
desirable.

D15.2 Operations Manual of the Operator shall contain adequate procedures for flight crew
and Operational Control personnel to scrutinise all computer generated and all
manually generated flight plans for accuracy.

D16. OPERATOR OVERSIGHT RESPONSIBILITY:

D16.1 Operator shall ensure that both its flight crew and Operational Control employees
comply with published policies and procedures.

D17. OPERATIONAL CONTROL BY CONTRACTORS:

D17.1 Operators may contract for equipment and facilities and, under some circumstances,
the services of Operational Control personnel. The person performing those services
shall be approved by PCAA for the performance of those services.

D17.2 If an Operator contracts for the service of a flight operations officer to exercise
Operational Control, the Operator shall maintain exclusive control over the duties,
functions, and responsibilities of the contract flight operations officer.

D17.3 Operator may contract another organisation to exercise Operational Control of its
operations provided that the organisation performing the services shall obtain approval
and authority to perform those services from the PCAA.

D17.4 Operators may contract for control functions but the final responsibility for Operational
Control shall be retained by the Operator. The Operator shall be responsible for
ensuring that:

D17.4.1 The training and qualification of contract personnel is adequate;

D17.4.2 Contractor personnel are performing their duties diligently;

D17.4.3 The provisions of the Operator's manual are being complied with;

D17.4.4 An effective means of disciplining contractor personnel is in place when set

guidance and policy is not complied with.

D18. EVALUATION:
D18.1 Operational Control system of each Operator shall be evaluated by PCAA to ensure
that the Operator complies with the applicable rules and that the system is effective

01/01/2018 Page 16 of 17 ANO-004-FSXX-3.0