PREFACE

Pocket Notes Mathematics is specially compiled

to help students prepare for important tests and
examinations.

Important formulae and concepts are presented

in point form for quick recap and ease of
understanding. Students will find this handy,
practical and useful for test preparation.

The Editorial Team

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 CONTENTS
Number and Algebra
Types of Numbers..................................................1
Highest Common Factor and Lowest Common
Multiple..................................................................2
Perfect Squares and Cubes.....................................3
Approximation.......................................................3
Standard Form........................................................3
Percentage..............................................................4
Speed......................................................................5
Scales and Maps.....................................................6
Direct and Inverse Proportion................................6
Number Patterns.....................................................7
Indices....................................................................8
Expansion of Algebraic Expressions.....................9
Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions.................9
Algebraic Fractions..............................................10
Inequalities...........................................................11
Solving Quadratic Equations...............................12
Functions and Graphs..........................................14
Sketching Quadratic Graphs................................17

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 General Shapes of Graphs....................................18
Exponential Graphs..............................................20
Travel Graphs.......................................................20
Simple Interest.....................................................23
Compound Interest...............................................23
Problems in Real-world Context..........................25
Set Notation.........................................................26
Venn Diagrams.....................................................26
Matrices................................................................27
Geometry and Measurement
Polygons...............................................................28
Test for Congruency.............................................29
Test for Similarity................................................30
Area and Volume of Similar Figures....................31
Area and Volume of Non-similar Figures............31
Coordinate Geometry...........................................32
Pythagoras’ Theorem...........................................32
Trigonometric Ratios...........................................33
Trigonometric Ratios of Obtuse Angles...............34
Further Trigonometry...........................................34
Applications of Trigonometry..............................35
Angle Properties of Circles..................................38

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 Tangent and Chord Properties of Circles.............39
Construction of Perpendicular Bisector...............40
Construction of Angle Bisector............................40
Area and Perimeter of Plane Figures...................41
Volume and Surface Area of Solids.....................42
Arc Length and Area of Sector............................43
Vectors..................................................................44
Statistics and Probability
Addition Law of Probability................................47
Multiplication Law of Probability.......................48
Tree Diagram.......................................................49
Possibility Diagram..............................................50
Pie Chart...............................................................51
Bar Graph.............................................................52
Histogram.............................................................53
Stem and Leaf Diagram.......................................54
Dot Diagram.........................................................55
Mean, Median and Mode.....................................56
Standard Deviation...............................................56
Cumulative Frequency Curve..............................57
Box-and-whisker Plot..........................................58

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 Types of Numbers
Integers –3, –2, 1, 0, 1, 2 ...
Whole 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ...
Natural 1, 2, 3, 4 ...
Prime 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 ...
3 __
__ 2 __ 1 __
Rational –​​2 ​​, –​​2 ​​, –​​2 ​​, 2, ​​√ 9 ​​ ...
__ __ __
Irrational –​​√ 3 ​​, π, ​√ 2 ​​, ​√ 5 ​​

Real

Irrational Rational

Integers Fractions/
Decimals

Negative Whole
Integers Numbers

Zero Natural
Numbers

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 Highest Common Factor (HCF) and
Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)
Number 1 = 23 × 32  × 72
Number 2 = 2   × 52 × 7
HCF = 2 × 7 = 14
(Choose the smallest number in each column.)
LCM = 23 × 32 × 52 × 72
(Choose the largest number in each column.)
When A is a multiple of B, A must have all the
‘make-up’ of B.

Example: 
Find the least value of n if 18n is a multiple of 12.
Solution:
18n = 2 × 32 × n
12 = 22 × 3
Comparing 2 × 32 × n with 22 × 3,
∴n=2
(18n must have all the factors of 12.)

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 Perfect Squares and Cubes
Perfect squares: Powers must be in multiples of 2.
E.g. 24 × 32 × 52
Perfect cubes: Powers must be in multiples of 3.
E.g. 23 × 76

Approximation
decimal place(s): d.p.
significant figure(s): s.f.

Round off to 1 d.p. 2 d.p. 1 s.f. 2 s.f.

0.1357 0.1 0.14 0.1 0.14
10.0458 10.0 10.05 10 10
12 345.678 12 345.7 12 345.68 10 000 12 000

Standard Form
A × 10n , 1  A < 10

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 Percentage
×100
Decimal/Fraction Percentage (%)
×100
Final – Initial
% Change = __________
​   
​ ​​ × 100
Initial
Examples: 
Your pocket $ increases by 150%:
Original Increase By Final
100% 150% 100% + 150% =
250% of original
$10 $15 $10 + $15 = $25
Your pocket $ decreases by 40%:
Original Decrease By Final
100% 40% 100% – 40% =
60% of original
$10 $4 $10 – $4 = $6

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 Speed

Distance
• Speed = ​​ _______
 ​​
Time
Total distance travelled
_________________
• Average speed = ​​   
    ​​
Total time taken
• Conversion of units:
2 km 2 × 1000 m
​​ ____ ​​ = ​​ ________ ​​= 33.3 m/min  
1h 60 min
____500
​   ​ km
500 m
_____ _______1000
​​   ​​ = ​​   ​​= 30 km/h
1 min 1
__
​   ​ h
60

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 Scales and Maps
1 : 20000 →
 1 cm on map = 20 000 cm actual
→ 1 cm = 0.2 km (Length scale)
​​ 20 1000 ​​
Representative Fraction (R.F.) = ______
Area scale:
(1 cm)2 = (0.2 km)2
1 cm2 = 0.04 km2

Direct and Inverse Proportion

A is proportional to B → A = kB
k
A is inversely proportional to B4 → A = __
​​  4 ​​
B
Example: 
40 men built a house in 96 hours. How many men
are needed to build the same house in 30 hours?
Solution:
96 hours → 40 men
1 hour → 40 × 96 men
40 × 96
30 hours → _______
​​  30 ​​ men
= 128 men

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