CHG 3305: advanced materials
materials that we use
steel = $100
Material Relative price $/ weight unit
diamonds, industry 200 m
platinum 5m
gold 2m
silver 150,000
titanium alloys 10,000
nickel alloys 20,000
nylon 66 1,500
epoxy 1,000
polyester 500
glass 400
natural rubber 300
polypropylene 200
polyvinyl chloride 300
polystyrene 250
stainless steel 600
steel 100
cast iron 90
Introduction to material science and
engineering
· Material science involves investigating
the relationships between the
structures and properties of materials
· Material engineering is, on the basis of
these structure-property correlations,
designing or engineering the structure
of a material to produce a pre-
determined set of properties.
Four components and their
relationships
Material structures
Materials are...
engineered structures...
Structure...has many dimensions...
Structural feature Dimension (m)
atomic bonding < 10 -10
crystals (ordered atoms) 10 -8-10-1
Structure, Processing, &
· Properties
Properties depend on structure
ex: hardness vs structure of steel
ssendraH
· Processing can change structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
OPTICAL
· Transmittance:
--Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.
polycrystal: polycrystal:
single crystal low porosity high porosity
Specimen preparation,
P.A. Lessing; photo by J.
Telford.
The Materials Selection
Pick Application
Process
Determine required Properties
1.
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative…
2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)
Material: structure, composition.
3. Material Identify required Processing
Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, annealing.
Materials classification
· Metallic materials
–Large number of non-localized electrons
and these electrons are not bound to
particular atoms. Good conductor of
electricity and heat
· Ceramics
–Compounds between metallic and non-
metallic elements, such as oxides, nitrides
and carbides. Good insulator of electricity
and heat, good resistance to high
temperature and harsh environments.
Materials classification
(continued)
· Polymers
–Includes plastic and rubber materials.
Organic compounds chemically based on
carbon, hydrogen. Large molecular
structures.
· Composites
–Consist of more than one material types
to display a combination of the best
characteristics of each of the component
materials, such as fiber glass.
Advanced Material applications
· Space Shuttle Tiles:
--Silica fiber insulation · Magnetic Storage:
offers low heat conduction. --Recording medium is
magnetized by
Courtesy of Lockheed
Missiles and Space recording head.
Company, Inc.
Courtesy of
Lockheed Aerospace J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin,
Ceramics Systems, Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.
Sunnyvale, CA
Biomaterials: polymer
scaffolds
Osteocyt CaP/PLGA Red blood
es scaffold cells
Artificial cartilage
Nano/microfabrications
Harris, 1980
Chen, 2003
Advanced materials applications:
magnetic materials applications
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