122. Magnesium fluoride, MgF2(aq) has a molar solubility of 2.7 u 10–3 mol/L.

Use this
information to determine the Ksp value for the solid.

What Is Required?
You need to calculate the Ksp for magnesium fluoride, MgF2.

What Is Given?
You know the solubility of magnesium fluoride is 2.7 × 10–3 mol/L.

Plan Your Strategy Act on Your Strategy

Write a balanced equation for the solubility MgF2(s) ֖ Mg2+(aq) + 2F–(aq)
equilibrium.
Write the expression for the Ksp. Ksp = [Mg2+][F–]2
Determine the concentration of each ion. [Mg2+] = [MgF2] = 2.7 × 10–3 mol/L
1 mol of MgF2(s) ionizes to give 1 mol of
Mg2+ and 2 mol F– ion. [F–] = 2[MgF2]
= 2 × 2.7 × 10–3 mol/L
= 5.4 × 10–6 mol/L
Substitute the ion concentrations into the Ksp = [Mg2+][F–]2
Ksp expression and solve. = (2.7 × 10–5)(5.4 × 10–5)2
= 7.9 × 10–8

Check Your Solution

The calculated value of Ksp has the correct number of significant digits that agrees with the
given data. The small value is expected for a compound of low solubility.

316 MHR ● Chemistry 12 Solutions Manual 978-0-07-106042-4

123. Silver sulfide, Ag2S(aq) has a Ksp value that is equal to 5.6 u 10–49. What is the molar
solubility of the solid?

What Is Required?
You need to calculate the molar solubility of silver sulfide, Ag2S(s).

What Is Given?
You know the Ksp for silver sulfide is 5.6 × 10–49.

Plan Your Strategy Act on Your Strategy

Write the balanced equation for the Ag2S(s) ֖ 2Ag+(aq) + S2–(aq)
solubility equilibrium.
Write the solubility product equation. Let x Ksp = [Ag+]2[S2–]
represent the molar solubility of Ag2S(s).
Summarize the solubility of the Ag+(aq) See the ICE table below.
and S2–(aq) ions at equilibrium in an ICE
table.

Ag2S(s) ֖ 2Ag+(aq) + S2–(aq)

[Ag+] (mol/L) [S2–] (mol/L)
I
C –x +2x +x
E 2x x

Write the expression for the Ksp and solve Ksp = [Ag+]2[S2–]
for x. 5.6 × 10–49 = (2x)2(x)
= 4x3
x = 5.2 × 10–17 mol/L

Check Your Solution

The solubility is low as expected for a compound with the given Ksp. The answer correctly
shows 2 significant digits.

Unit 4 Part B ● MHR 317

124. The Ksp value for lead(II) bromide, PbBr2(aq), is 6.6 u 10–6. What is the solubility of the solid?

What Is Required?
You need to calculate the solubility of lead(II) bromide(s) in g/L.

What Is Given?
You know the Ksp for lead(II) bromide is 6.6 × 10–6.

Plan Your Strategy Act on Your Strategy

Write the balanced equation for the PbBr2(s) ֖ Pb2+(aq) + 2Br–(aq)
solubility equilibrium.
Write the solubility product equation. Let x Ksp = [Pb2+][Br–]2
represent the molar solubility of PbBr2(s).
Summarize the solubility of the Pb2+(aq) See the ICE table below.
and Br–(aq) ions at equilibrium in an ICE
table.

PbBr2(s) ֖ Pb2+(aq) + 2Br–(aq)

[Pb2+] (mol/L) [Br–] (mol/L)
I
C –x +x +2x
E x 2x

Write the expression for the Ksp Ksp = [Pb2+][Br–]2

expression and solve for x.
Determine the molar mass, M, of 6.6 u 10 –6 x 2x
2

PbBr2 and express the solubility in

4x3
g/L (m = nM).
x 1.18 u 10 –2 mol/L
1.18 u 10 –2 mol /L u 367.00 g/ mol
4.3 g/L

Check Your Solution

The solubility is low as expected for a compound with the given Ksp. The answer correctly
shows 2 significant digits.

318 MHR ● Chemistry 12 Solutions Manual 978-0-07-106042-4

125. Which solid can have more mass ionize into 1.00 L of solution: silver chloride, AgCl(s), or
copper(I) chloride, CuCl(s)?

What Is Required?
You need to compare the solubility of silver chloride and copper(I) chloride in g/L.

What Is Given?
From Appendix B, the Ksp for silver chloride is 1.77 × 10–10 and for copper(I) chloride
is1.72 × 10–9.

Plan Your Strategy Act on Your Strategy

Write the balanced equation for the AgCl(s) ֖ Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
solubility equilibrium of silver chloride.
Write the solubility product equation. Ksp = [Ag+][Cl–]
Let x represent the molar solubility of
AgCl(s).
Write the expression for the Ksp. Let x K sp ª¬ Ag  º¼ ª¬Cl – º¼
represent the concentrations of Ag+ and
1.77 u 10 –10 ( x)( x)
Cl‒. Solve for x. Determine the molar
x2 1.77 u 10 –10
mass, M, of AgCl and express the
solubility in g/L (m = nM). x 1.33 u 10–5 mol/L
1.33 u 10 –5 mol /L u 143.32 g/ mol
1.91 u 10 –3 g/L
Repeat these steps for CuCl(s) and CuCl(s) ֖ Cu+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
determine which will have the greater K sp ª¬ Cu  º¼ ª¬ Cl – º¼
mass dissolved in 1 L of solution.
1.72 u 10 –9 ( x)( x)
x 4.15 u 10–5 mol/L
4.15 u 10 –5 mol /L u 99.00 g/ mol
4.11 u 10 –3 g/L

More CuCl(s) will dissolve per litre of solution.

Check Your Solution

The solubilities are expressed correctly to 3 significant digits and the answer is reasonable.

Unit 4 Part B ● MHR 319

126. The solubility of nickel(II) phosphate, Ni3(PO4)2(aq), is 7.8 u 10–5 g/L. Determine the
solubility-product constant for this solid.

What Is Required?
You need to calculate the Ksp for nickel(II) phosphate, Ni3(PO4)2(aq).

What Is Given?
You know the solubility of Ni3(PO4)2(aq) is 7.8 × 10–5 g/L.

Plan Your Strategy Act on Your Strategy

Use the molar mass, M, of Ni3(PO4)2 and m
n
m M
the formula n to express the
M 7.8 u105 g /L
solubility in mol/L.
366.01g /mol
2.13 u 10 –7 mol/L
Write a balanced chemical equation for the Ni3(PO4)2(s) ֖ 3Ni2+(aq) + 2PO43–(aq)
solubility equilibrium.
Determine the concentration of each ion. [Ni2+] = 3[Ni3(PO4)2]
1 mol of Ni3(PO4)2 ionizes to give 3 mol of = 3 × 2.13 × 10–7 mol/L
Ni2+(aq) ions and 2 mol PO43–(aq) ions. = 6.39 × 10–7 mol/L

[PO43–] = 2[Ni3(PO4)2]
= 2 × 2.13 × 10–7 mol/L
= 4.26 × 10–7 mol/L
Write the expression for the Ksp. Ksp = [Ni2+]3[PO43–]2
Substitute the ion concentrations into the Ksp = [Ni2+]3[PO43–]2
Ksp expression and solve. = (6.39 × 10–7)3(4.26 × 10–7)2
= 4.74 × 10–32

Check Your Solution

The calculated value of Ksp has the correct number of significant digits that agrees with the
given data. The small value for Ksp is expected for a compound of low solubility.

320 MHR ● Chemistry 12 Solutions Manual 978-0-07-106042-4

127. The solubility of strontium fluoride, SrF2(aq), is 12.2 mg/100 mL. What is Ksp for this solid?

What Is Required?
You need to calculate the Ksp for strontium fluoride, SrF2(s).

What Is Given?
You know the solubility of strontium fluoride, SrF2(aq), is 12.2 mg/100 mL.

Plan Your Strategy Act on Your Strategy

Use the molar mass, M, of SrF2 and the 1g
12.2 mg u
m 1000 mg
formula n to express the solubility in = 0.122 g/L
M 1L
mol/L. 100 mL u
1000 mL
0.122 g /L
molar solubility =
125.62 g /mol
= 9.71 × 10–4 mol/L
Write a balanced equation for the SrF2(s) ֖ Sr2+(aq) + 2F–(aq)
solubility equilibrium.
Determine the concentration of each ion. [Sr2+] = [SrF2]
One mol of SrF2 ionizes to give one mol = 9.71 × 10–4 mol/L
of Sr2+(aq) ion and two mol F–(aq) ions.
[F–] = 2[SrF2]
= 2 × 2.71 × 10–4 mol/L
= 1.94 × 10–3 mol/L
Write the expression for the Ksp. Ksp = [Sr2+][F–]2
Substitute the ion concentrations into the = (9.71 × 10–4)(1.94 × 10–3)2
Ksp expression and solve. = 3.65 × 10–9

Check Your Solution

The calculated value of Ksp has the correct number of significant digits that agrees with the
given data. The small value is expected for a compound of low solubility.

Unit 4 Part B ● MHR 321

128. Will a precipitate form if 1.00 mL of a 0.100 mol/L silver nitrate solution, AgNO 3(aq), is
added to 1.00 L of a 1.00 u 10–5 mol/L solution of sodium chloride, NaCl(aq)? Show your
calculations.

What Is Required?
You need to determine whether a precipitate will form.

What Is Given?
You know that 1.00 mL of a 0.100 mol/L silver nitrate solution, AgNO 3(aq), is added to
1.00 L of a 1.00 u 10–5 mol/L solution of sodium chloride, NaCl(aq). The only possible
precipitate that can form is silver chloride, AgCl(s).
From Appendix B, you know the Ksp for silver chloride is 1.77 × 10–10.

Plan Your Strategy Act on Your Strategy

Write the balanced equation for the AgCl(s) ֖ Ag+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
solubility equilibrium.
Use the formula n cV to determine the nAg+ cV
amount in moles, n, of Ag+(aq) and Cl–(aq)
0.100 mol/ L u 0.001 L
in the original solution.
1.00 u 10–4 mol

nCl– cV
1.00 u 10 –5 mol/ L u 1.00 L
1.00 u 10 –5 mol
Determine the total volume, V, after V = 1.00 L + 1.00 mL
mixing the two solutions. = 1.00 L + 0.001 L
= 1.001 L
n n
Use the formula c to calculate the ª¬ Ag  º¼
V V
molar concentrations, c, of Ag+(aq) and 1.00 u104 mol
Cl–(aq). 1.001 L
9.99 u 10 –5 mol/L

n
ª¬Cl – º¼
V
1.00 u105 mol
1.001 L
9.99 u 10 –5 mol/L

322 MHR ● Chemistry 12 Solutions Manual 978-0-07-106042-4

Write the expression for the Ksp for AgCl. Qsp = [Ag+][Cl–]
Use the molar concentrations calculated Qsp = [Ag+][Cl–]
after mixing to determine a trial value Qsp. = 9.99 × 10–5 × 9.99 × 10–5
If Qsp > Ksp, a precipitate of AgCl(s) forms. = 9.98 × 10–10

Ksp for AgCl is 1.77 × 10–10.

Qsp > Ksp

A precipitate will form.

Check Your Solution

The calculations seem reasonable and the correct number of significant digits has been used.

Unit 4 Part B ● MHR 323