• …………..

: It is a skilled, specific hand on approach used by clinicians, including physical

therapists to diagnose and treat soft tissue and joint structures.
• …………: connective tissue (composed of collagen, elastin, and ground substance) that is
found throughout the body.
• Connective tissue (composed of ……... , ………, and ………….)
• …………..: contribute strength to fascial tissue and guard against overextension.
• …………..: give elasticity to fascia
• ………… (Polysaccharide gel complex): fills up the space between fibers and allows them
to slide over each other with minimal friction.
• …………. in the superficial fascia provide afferent information to CNS
• Within …………. of the fascia are many substances that contribute to immune systems
• …………. allow it to both retain its shape and respond to deformation
• ………….: when fascia is subjected to extension load and held constant, relaxation occurs,
and fascia offers less resistance to a second application of load.
• …………..: It is defined as the manual manipulation of the body's soft tissues for therapeutic
purposes.
• ……………: Scientific manipulation of the body tissue based on the pathology of patient
and chief complaints
• ………………: This type of massage is a combination of therapeutic assessment,
manipulation and movement of locomotors
• ………………: are areas of the body that contain superficial delicate anatomical structures
that are relatively unprotected and are therefore prone to injury.
• …………….: Makes mechanical or histological changes in myofascial structures through
direct force applied superficially
• ……………….: Affects sensory and motor nerves locally and some central nervous system
response
• ………………….: are neurotransmitters produced by pituitary gland and hypothalamus in
response to pain with the aim of decreasing stress, alleviating pain, improving mood, and
enhancing sense of well-being through acting on C.N.S and P.N.S.
• …………………..: is the first responder to pain which transmit pain information to C.N.S
• ……………………….: It approaches the body from a biomechanical and anatomical
perspective.
• ……………………..: It views the body as an interconnected system of energy channels or
meridians.
• …………………: is used to describe the distance a therapist's hand or tool travels on the
surface of the body during one singular stroke.
• ………………..: With swelling begins proximally to facilitate lymphatic flow
• Massage Performed with the palm of hand Stimulates …………
• Massage Performed with the fingertip Stimulates ………………
• …………………………..: A linear movement of relaxed hand along the whole length of a
segment is known as Stroke
• …………….: Which is rhythmical linear movement of hand over the skin without any
pressure.
• ……………: It is a linear movement of the hand, over the external surface of the body, with
moderate pressure.
• The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system that carries fluid directionally to the
…………..
• ……………….: Deep localized pressure is applied to the body where the hand of the
therapist and the skin of the patient move together.
• Based on the type and the direction of pressure applied, it is of 3 major types: ……….,
…………, ……….
• ………….: most important movement in massage
• ………………: most important massage technique
• ……………: Repeated rapid rhythmical light striking of the skin
• Two techniques to loosen consolidations in the lung are …………. and …………..
• ………… is done with the ulnar side of hand, with wrist and fingers limp, Karate chop
• …….. done by only the rim of the hand should come in contact with the body
• ………..: Raindrops, applied by lightly touching the skin with ball of fingers in an
alternating manner, Typing
• …………. are a massage technique in which tissues of the body are pressed and released in
an "up and down" movement
• …….. massage A fine tremulous, ……. amplitude movement made by the hand or fingers
placed firmly against a part (up and down mov.)
• …………. massage: ……….. amplitude Mov. From one direction to the opposite direction
Warms and prepares the body for deeper bodywork
• ………….: Massage forces are applied using the fingers on acupuncture points
• ………………… All parts of the body are believed to be mapped to different points on the
foot (reflexology) or the ear (auriculotherapy) and massage of a point produces a change in
the structure mapped to that point.
• …………..: It is a network of organs, vessels and tissues that work together to move a
colorless, watery fluid (lymph) back into your circulatory system (your bloodstream).
• ……………: This is the soft, spongy tissue in the center of certain bones, like your hip
bone, backbones and breastbone. Your bone marrow has the vital job of making white blood
cells, red blood cells and platelets.
• …………….: are bean-shaped glands that monitor and cleanse lymph as it filters through
them. They clear out damaged cells and cancer cells.
• …………: The largest lymphatic organ.
• ………………: also called lymphatic fluid, is a collection of extracellular fluids that drain
from cells and tissues in your body and isn’t reabsorbed into your capillaries including
proteins, minerals, fats, damaged cells, cancer cells and germs.
• ………………... These vessels contain one-way valves that keep lymph moving the right
way.
• ……………….. Two main ducts in your upper chest empty lymph into your subclavian
veins. These are your right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct where lymph rejoins your
bloodstream.
• ………….. These structures trap pathogens from the food you eat and the air you take in.
• ………………. is a chronic lymphatic disease that results in swelling in one or more parts of
the body due to an accumulation of protein and excess lymph fluid within the interstitial
space.
• ……………….: rare, caused by absent lymph vessels at birth, or caused by abnormal
lymphatic vessels.
• Primary lymphedema is subdivided into 3 categories: ………….& ………….&………….
• ……………: Least common, approximately 2%, More common to develop in male infants
compared to female
• …………….: Most prevalent type of primary lymphoedema, Higher incidence rates in
females during adolescent age
• ………………: Occurs in older adults that have a weak immune system
• ……………….: Due to blockage or interruption that alters the lymphatic system.
• Types of Lymphedemas: …………. & ………….. & …………
• ……….. edema: Short duration edema Finger indentation of the skin
• ……….. edema: Tissue feels hard upon palpation Indicates fibrotic changes
• …………edema: Fluid leaks, wound healing is impaired Occurs mostly in the lower
Extremities
• …………… is pain of muscular origin that originates in a painful site in muscle due to
presence of trigger point
• …………….. is A focal area of hyperirritability that is locally sensitive to pressure and can
refer symptoms (usually pain) to other areas of the body.
• ……………: It is a hyperirritable spot in skeletal muscle that is associated with a
hypersensitive palpable nodule in a taut band
• …………….: Subsequently insufficient ATP synthesis to initiate relaxation of the muscle
fibers.
• ……………………: pathological increase in the release of acetylcholine from abnormal
motor endplate nerve terminals, even during their resting state.
• ……………………..: entrapment and compression of the nerve root caused by
intervertebral disc degeneration and paraspinal muscle spasm causes sensitization to the
distal part of the nerve causing spasm in the muscles that are innervated by the nerve which
initiates the formation of MTrPs.
• ………………….: localized increase in electrical activity in MTrPs originates from
dysfunctional muscle spindles
• …………………..: incorporating the energy crisis and motor endplate hypotheses
• …………………….: phenomena help in understanding chronic or amplified pain
• ………………… occurs as a result of direct trauma (sprain, torn muscle fibers, crush) or
eccentric and concentric contractions and causes damage to the muscle cell membrane.
• ……………. is caused by postural anomalies.
• Persistent overstrain is caused by …………………
• …………………. occurs in case of weak muscle contractions (repetitive strain injury).
• …………………..: A single nerve cell in the spinal cord receives nociceptive stimuli both
by Internal organs and by the skin and/or muscles.
• ……………….: Peripheral branching of primary afferent axons, one from a trigger point,
and the other from somewhere else (the pain referral zone).
• …………………..: Works like a transistor, the nerve attached to the trigger point excites a
nerve cell in the spinal cord, thus lowering that nerve's stimulus threshold and it does
however amplify any pain signal from the pain referral area up to the brain.
• ……………………….: Convergence of pain pathways at a supraspinal, thalamic level.
• ……………
➢ An active myofascial trigger point produces pain without digital compression.
➢ It produces a characteristic referred pain pattern for the muscle, either with ischemic
compression or without
• ………………
➢ The latent myofascial trigger point is usually silent without causing any spontaneous pain.
➢ it may produce a referred pain pattern only with the application of ischemic compression
• ………………: Trp that develop in the same muscle where the primary (main) trigger point
is or in other muscles within the referred pain pattern of the primary trigger point, or in
synergistic muscles.
• ………………….: It is located near the center of muscle fibers.
• …………………..: It is a trigger point at the musculotendinous junction and/or at the
osseous attachment of the muscle
• Rubbing across taut fibers gives a ……………. sensation.
• ………………………: When palpating along the trigger point taut band which is best
palpated by snapping, the entire area will demonstrate some tenderness. Progressively
increasing pressure on the nodule will elicit the RP and possibly the sign of patient pain
recognition.
• ………………………: Ischemic compression or needle insertion on the myofascial trigger
point may exhibit pain or other sensation that is recognizable by the patient as similar to the
main symptom he or she experiences.
• ……………………: It is a brisk transient contraction of the palpable taut band of muscle
fibers through a local depolarization of the muscle membrane elicited by mechanical
stimulation of the trigger point (TP) in that taut band.
• ………………………: considered the primary manual therapy technique for myofascial
trigger points (MTrPs).