UNIVERSITY OF POONCH RAWLAKOT
(Faculty of Engineering and technology & department of
Biomedical Engineering technology)
LAB REPORT
• Course title: Digital Logic design
• Course code: BIT-214
• Submitted to: Waqqas Qayyum
• Project title: Digital Alarm Clock
• Group# 05
• Submitted by: 2023-BMET-36
2023-BMET-33
2023-BMET-21
2023-BMET-31
2023-BMET-13
Project Report: Digital Alarm Clock
Title: Design and Implementation of a Digital Alarm Clock
Abstract:
This project presents the design and implementation of a digital alarm clock using a
microcontroller, an LCD display, a buzzer, and input buttons for time setting and alarm
configuration. The clock displays real-time in hours, minutes, and seconds, and allows
users to set an alarm that triggers a buzzer at the specified time. The system is built using
an Arduino Uno, a real-time clock (RTC) module for accurate timekeeping, and push
buttons for user interaction. The project demonstrates the integration of hardware and
software to create a functional and user-friendly alarm clock.
Introduction:
A digital alarm clock is an essential electronic device used in daily life to keep track of time
and provide alarm functionality. This project aims to develop a simple yet effective digital
alarm clock using readily available components. The system includes:
Microcontroller (Arduino Uno) :Processes time data and controls the display and alarm.
RTC (DS3231 Module) – Provides accurate timekeeping.
LCD Display (16x2)– Shows the current time and alarm settings.
Buzzer – Sounds when the alarm is triggered.
Push Buttons – Used to set time and alarm.
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Literature Review
Digital alarm clocks have evolved from mechanical clocks to modern microcontroller-
based systems. Previous implementations include:
Basic LCD-based clocks using 8051 or AVR microcontrollers.
RTC-based clocks for improved accuracy over software-based timing.
Smart alarm clocks with additional features like temperature display and lot integration.
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Our Contribution
● Title
Design and Implementation of a Digital Alarm Clock
●Component Requirements
| Aurduino board(aurduino uno)
LCD(1602)
Push button(for setting alarming time)
Buzzer( for alarming sound)
● Working Principle
- The RTC module keeps track of time independently of the Arduino.
- The Arduino reads time data from the RTC and displays it on the LCD.
- Buttons adjust hours, minutes, and alarm settings.
- When the set alarm time matches the current time, the buzzer activates.
● Software Implementation
The Arduino code:
- Initializes the LCD and RTC.
- Reads button inputs to adjust time and alarm.
- Compares current time with alarm time to trigger the buzzer.
#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
// LCD pins: (RS, E, D4, D5, D6, D7)
LiquidCrystal lcd(7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2);
// Buttons
const int btnHour = 8;
const int btnMinute = 9;
const int btnToggle = 10;
// Buzzer
const int buzzerPin = 11;
// LCD contrast PWM pin
const int contrastPin = 12; // PWM capable pin
// Time variables
int hour = 12, minute = 0;
int alarmHour = 7, alarmMinute = 0;
// Timekeeping
unsigned long previousMillis = 0;
const unsigned long interval = 60000;
// Mode
bool settingAlarm = false;
// Debounce
unsigned long lastButtonPress = 0;
const int debounceDelay = 200;
void setup() {
// Set contrast via PWM (range 0-255)
analogWrite(contrastPin, 80); // Adjust value for visibility
lcd.begin(16, 2);
pinMode(btnHour, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(btnMinute, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(btnToggle, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Digital Clock");
delay(1500);
lcd.clear();
void loop() {
unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
// Time update
if (currentMillis - previousMillis >= interval) {
previousMillis = currentMillis;
incrementMinute();
// Button handling
if (millis() - lastButtonPress > debounceDelay) {
if (digitalRead(btnHour) == LOW) {
if (settingAlarm)
alarmHour = (alarmHour + 1) % 24;
else
hour = (hour + 1) % 24;
lastButtonPress = millis();
if (digitalRead(btnMinute) == LOW) {
if (settingAlarm)
alarmMinute = (alarmMinute + 1) % 60;
else
incrementMinute();
lastButtonPress = millis();
if (digitalRead(btnToggle) == LOW) {
settingAlarm = !settingAlarm;
lastButtonPress = millis();
// Display
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Time: ");
lcd.print(formatTime(hour, minute));
lcd.print(" ");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Alarm: ");
lcd.print(formatTime(alarmHour, alarmMinute));
lcd.print(settingAlarm ? "*" : " ");
// Alarm logic
if (hour == alarmHour && minute == alarmMinute) {
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(buzzerPin, LOW);
void incrementMinute() {
minute++;
if (minute >= 60) {
minute = 0;
hour = (hour + 1) % 24;
String formatTime(int h, int m) {
char buf[6];
sprintf(buf, "%02d:%02d", h, m);
return String(buf);
Proteus diagram:
● Hardware Implementation:
RTC module connected via I²C (A4-SDA, A5-SCL).
LCD interfaced in 4-bit mode.
Buttons connected to digital pins with pull-down resistors.
Buzzer connected to a PWM pin for sound control.
Results
- The digital clock successfully displays real-time on the LCD.
- The alarm triggers the buzzer at the set time.
- Buttons allow easy adjustment of time and alarm settings.
Challenges Faced:
- Initial synchronization issues with RTC (fixed by proper initialization).
- Button debouncing (resolved using software delays).
____________________________________________________________________________________
Conclusion and Future Work
This project successfully demonstrates a functional digital alarm clock using Arduino and
RTC. Future improvements include:
- Adding temperature display using the RTC’s built-in sensor.
- Implementing multiple alarms
- Integrating Wi-Fi for automatic time synchronization
References
1. Arduino Documentation. (https://www.arduino.cc/)
2. DS3231 Datasheet.
3. LiquidCrystal Library Guide.
