In the syringe of Fig, 9-12 the drug has p = 900kg/m? and 1 = 0.002 Pa -s. What steady force Fis required to Produce a flow of 0.4 mL/s through the needie? Neglect head loss in the larger cylinder. ' Pal PB + 2/28 + a= Pol 08 + U3/2g + 25 thy, Un = Q/An = 0.4 x 10-*/[()(0.25 x 10-)'/4] = 8.149 m/s Na = pdu/u = (900)(0.25 x 10-*)(8.149)/0.002=917 (laminar) = 32uLv _ (32)(0.002)(0.020)(8.149) (Pad (900)(9.807)(0.25 x 10")? Pal[(@00)(9.807)} +0 + 0= po/{(900)(9.807)] + (8.149)?/{(2)(9.807)] + 0+ 18.91 19 = 196 788 N/m? F=(Pa~Po)(A pon) = 196 788{(7)(0.010)7/4] = 15.5 N =1891m Pam! = 10mm =0.25 mm = 8 20mm—ef—sonm—f 3.8 Three pipes steadily deliver water at oH 20°C to a large exit pipe in Fig, P3.8. The co eee ae to ts eS Q4 = 120 mh. Find (a) Vi; (b) V3; and (©) Va if it is known that increasing Q3 by 20% would inerease 04 by 10%. a “ao Solu (a) For steady flow we have Q1+Q2+.Q3=Q4, or Wed + Ay +P Ay Voy o Since 0.2Q3 = 0.1Q4, and Q4 = (120 m?/h)(h/3600 s) = 0.0333 m/s, 333 m*/s) (0.06) Qs 5.89 m/s Ans. (b) Substituting into (1), (Flo +0F Joos yeess(4 S Joos =0.0333 SaSmis Ans. (a) From mass conservation, Qa = VaAa (0.0333 m*/s)=V,(7}(0.06° 4 Vy = 5.24 m/s Ans. (©)3.33 _In some wind tunnels the test section is perforated to suck out fluid and provide a thin viscous boundary layer. The test section wall in Fig. P3.33 contains 1200 holes of S-mm diameter each per square meter of wall area. The suction velocity through cach hole is Vz = 8 m’s, and the test-section entrance velocity is 71 = 35 m/s. Assuming incompressible steady flow of air at 20°C, ‘compute (a) Yo, (b) 72, and (c) V7, in mis. Solution: The test section wall area is (7)(0.8 m)(4 m) = 10.053 m?, hence the total number of holes is (1200)(10.053) = 12064 holes. The total suction flow leaving is Qvuction = NQjole = (12064)(7/4)(0.005 m)"(8 m/s) = 1.895 m'/s (@) Find V,: Q,=Q, or V, fesr 05) F087, solvefor V, ~358 ™ Ans. (a) s ©) %=Q - Quien = GIF. or, V; 2312 ™ Ans.(b) s (c) Find Vj: Q,=Q, or v.50 2? =@l 70. 8), solvefor V,~4.13 ™ Ans. (c) sP3.45 A 12-cm-diameter pipe, containing water flowing at 200 N/s, is capped by an orifice plate, as in Fig. P3.45. The exit jet is 25 mm in diameter. The pressure in the pipe at section | is 800 kPa-gage. Calculate the Fig. P3.45 force F required to hold the orifice plate. Solution: For water take p= 998 kg/m’. This is a straightforward x-momentum problem. First evaluate the mass flow and the two velocities: BH 200NI/s _ yg 4B, y, - - ___204kg/s__ gy & 98imis* y PA, (998g /m Yor /4)(0.12m)> 5 ti 20Akg Is PA, (998kg/m>)x/ 4K 0.025m)* ‘Now apply the x-momentum relation for a control volume surrounding the plate: DE, =F + Prgnge, = (2-H), oF F = (0000070) (0 12m)? ~ (20.488 y41.6-1.81%)3.60 Water at 20°C flows through the elbow in Fig. P3.60 and exits to the atmo- sphere. The pipe diameter is D1 = 10 cm, while D2 = 3 cm. At a weight flow rate of 150 Nis, the pressure pi = 2.3 atm (gage). Neglect-ing the weight of water and elbow, estimate the force on the flange bolts at section 1 216 ‘Solutions Manual * Fluid Mechanics, Fifth Edition Solution: First, from the weight flow, compute Q = (150 N/s)/(9790 N/m?) = 0.0153 m3. ‘Then the velocities at (1) and (2) follow from the known areas: QL = Q__ 00153 5) 7m A Az (7/4(0.03" s ‘The mass flow is pA1V1 = (998)(7/4)(0.1)°(1.95) = 15.25 kg/s. Then the balance of forces in the x-direction is: EI, = —Fus + PAs = ity ~tnu, ~ n(—V, 08 40° V,) solve for Fy, = (23101350) (0.1)? +15.25(21.7.e0s 40° +1.95)=2100.N Ans.