MODULE WEEK NO.
5
INITAO College
University Jampason, Initao, Misamis Oriental
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College of Hospitality Management
CBMEC – 1: Operations Management
2nd Semester of A.Y. 2024-2025
Introduction
The Industrial Revolution can also be referred to as the “historical
evolution of operations management.” Before the 18th century, companies relied
on workers (humans) to produce the product, the use of craft production. At the
start of the 18th century, several developments of the machine increased
production levels. The new machine power lead to the creation of various methods
such as: mass production, interchangeable parts, and division of labor. All of the
COURSE MODULE
following methods revolutionized the way goods were manufactured, along with
creating a boom in the economy and increasing the success of businesses
throughout the country. It increased profits and production for the company.
Pioneers such as Fredrick Winslow Taylor, Frank Gilbreth, and Henry Ford all
developed scientific management and helped to further the progress of the
industrial revolution.
Rationale
It led to the creation of Scientific Management.
Form of management focused on developing the most efficient work methods
that would produce the greatest output (assembly lines).
Managers were responsible for planning, training, and implementing each step
of the production process.
Intended Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, students are expected to:
A. Allows and help students make connections between the first inventions of the
19th century and the great social changes that affected slavery and imperialism.
B. Identify the technological advances that made the Industrial Revolution possible
C. Analyze the changing conditions created by the Industrial Revolution in both
Europe and the United States
Activity
For purpose of providing the students the ease of learning, following are the series of
activity.
1. Blended learning using multi media
2. Online discussion using Google met
3. SMS
4. Gmail and feedback mechanism using the above access.
Discussion
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Crafted by: Prof. Loida A. Cabaraban, MM-HRM, ARF, CTP
MODULE WEEK NO.5
Begin by watching the pros and cons on free trade - lesson pausing at the following
points to discuss:
- First, compare and contrast the Industrial Revolution to other revolutions that
your class has studied, like the French or American revolutions. From there, ask them
why Slater was so reviled in the UK, but revered in the United States.
- Some historians have described the early inventions of the Industrial Revolution
as having a domino effect. What does that mean? Do you think it's true?
- All of these textiles that were so important to the early Industrial Revolution had
to come from somewhere. Where do you think that was? What effect did that have on
slave states in the South or European colonies in places like India?
The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolutions dramatically altered European society. It expanded
the types of employment available and altered the ways that people lived on a day-to-
day basis. However, along with positive benefits such as longer life expectancy and
increasing ease of work, came the realities of working in usually deplorable conditions
in factories and mines and living in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions.
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The Industrial Revolution also helped to politicize both the middle and lower
classes of society, leading gradually to expansion in suffrage and demands for the
protection of workers and their rights as citizens.
How did the Industrial Revolution change economies?
The Industrial Revolution transformed economies that had been based on
agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized
manufacturing, and the factory system. New machines, new power sources, and new
ways of organizing work made existing industries more productive and efficient. New
industries also arose, including, in the late 19th century, the automobile industry.
What Was the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution was exactly what it sounds like: a revolution in industry
and manufacturing. But it was also so much more because it had a profound impact on
society as a whole. Let's explore this pivotal time in modern history.
The Industrial Revolution describes the tremendous advances in production,
manufacturing, and other fields of engineering occurring between the late 18th century
and mid-19th century. It's a little bit tricky because there is no precise beginning and
ending date for the Industrial Revolution. In fact, there is quite a bit of debate among
historians over when the Industrial Revolution began and ended.
Many historians suggest the Industrial Revolution began around the 1760s and
lasted up to about the 1840s. Others theorize a second Industrial Revolution lasting
between the 1840s to 1870s or 1880s. So, you see, there are many different views on
the Industrial Revolution.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain and spread to the United States.
The developments in the two countries did not take place simultaneously, at least not
initially. In the early stages of the Industrial Revolution, the United States lagged
behind developments in Great Britain. A good example of technology spreading from
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Crafted by: Prof. Loida A. Cabaraban, MM-HRM, ARF, CTP
MODULE WEEK NO.5
Great Britain to the United States is illustrated by the contributions of Samuel Slater.
Samuel Slater (1768-1835) was an Englishman who mastered textile machine
operation and illegally brought that technology to the United States. Young Slater
memorized the designs for cotton-spinning machines and reproduced them in the
United States with wild success. For this, he is remembered in the U.S. as the 'Father of
the American Industrial Revolution' and in Great Britain as 'Slater the Traitor.
What are the 3 industrial revolutions?
These are the first three industrial revolutions that transformed our
modern society. With each of these three advancements
- the steam engine
- the age of science and mass production, and
- the rise of digital technology
the world around us fundamentally changed. And right now, it's happening again, for
fourth time.
Key Developments
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The Industrial Revolution was wide-ranging. It affected numerous areas, but its
impact was especially felt in the areas of iron production, machine tools, textiles, and
steam power. Let's look at these areas in more detail.
Throughout the late 18th century, blacksmiths discovered various processes for
producing higher quality and more affordable iron. Improvements in blast furnaces and
the use of better quality fuels, like coke, greatly enhanced iron production. In the
1780s, Englishman Henry Cort developed the processes of rolling and puddling.
Rolling allowed wrought iron to be thinned out in a much more efficient manner than
hammering it into sheets. Puddling was a bit more complex, but basically, it was an
improved process for decarburizing pig iron and producing quality bar iron.
Improvements in steel production also took place during this time, though steel tended
to be more expensive.
The availability of high quality iron and steel launched a revolution in machine
tools on both sides of the Atlantic. The demand for nails, screws, and other metal parts
resulted in important advances in metal-cutting machinery. By the early 19th century,
a number of different models of milling machines had been developed. Milling
machines are simply machines used to cut metal or shave off metal until it reaches the
desired design. With the introduction of milling machines, metal could be shaped to
precise dimensions.
One of the most important advances of the Industrial Revolution was the
development of interchangeable parts by American inventor Eli Whitney.
Interchangeable parts are parts which can be produced with countless identical
spares, making replacement or substitution easy. Before the advent of interchangeable
parts, simple machines and other objects were built by skilled craftsmen as one solid,
unique piece. It was a laborious process. With the system of interchangeable parts,
objects could be mass produced, and if they broke, they could be easily fixed.
Eli Whitney (1765-1825) first used the interchangeable parts system to mass
produce rifles in first few years of the 19th century. There is a degree of debate over
whether or not Eli Whitney was the first to actually 'invent' interchangeable parts; at
the very least, he was the leading pioneer in the United States. Whitney was a prolific
inventor. His other contributions include the invention of the cotton gin and
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Crafted by: Prof. Loida A. Cabaraban, MM-HRM, ARF, CTP
MODULE WEEK NO.5
improvements to the milling machine.
Exercise
Divide your class into small groups of students. Using the informal debate
format, assign each group an innovation or invention from the Industrial Revolution to
discuss the importance of, stating why it was the most important advancement of the
time. Each group will speak for 1-2 minutes on the following subjects:
1. Describing what their innovation or invention was.
2. Why their assigned innovation or invention was the most important.
3. The impact on society of their innovation.
Convince the class that your invention was the most important invention of the
industrial revolution. You can even vote after the presentations to see which group the
class believes had the most important invention.
Assessment
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Reflection
1. Read topics on our discussions and do the following using the Content, experience,
reflections, application and evaluation (CERAE).
Resources and Additional Resources
E-book
Module
PowerPoint
Video presentation
Additional Resources:
• Internet research
• YouTube
• Publish paper
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Crafted by: Prof. Loida A. Cabaraban, MM-HRM, ARF, CTP
