MODULE- 2:
(2 MARKS)
Q1. List the services of cloud computing
Ans the services of cloud computing are
a. Iaas (Infrastructure as a service)
b. Paas (Platform as a service)
c. Saas (Software as a service)
Q2. Define Aneka & Aneka container
Ans. Aneka is Manjrasoft solution for developing & managing cloud applications.
The Aneka container is the unit of deployment in Aneka clouds and it is a lightweight software
layer designed to host services and interact with the underlying operating system and hardware
Q3. List the services of Aneka container
Ans 1. Fabric services
2. foundation services
3. Application services
Q5. List different types of clouds
Ans a. public cloud
b. private cloud
c. hybrid cloud
d.community cloud
Q6. List some of the challenges in cloud computing
Ans: a. Scalability and fault tolerance
b. Security, trust, and privacy
(8 marks)
Q1. With diagram explain Iaas service reference implementationAns
Ans: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides virtualized computing resources like VMs, storage, and
networking on-demand. Reference implementations include AWS EC2, Azure VMs, and OpenStack.
Aneka, a PaaS platform, integrates with IaaS to dynamically provision resources, ensuring elasticity and
scalability for applications via its Fabric Services and Platform Abstraction Layer.
1. Web-Based Management Interface
Provides user access to cloud resources through web services, portals, and REST APIs.
2. Infrastructure Management Software
Core software layer that manages all cloud operations and services.
Pricing/Billing: Calculates and tracks usage costs for resource consumption.
QoS & SLA Management: Ensures service levels and performance standards are maintained.
Monitoring: Continuously observes system performance and health.
Reservation: Allows users to reserve specific resources in advance.
VM Image Repository: Stores and manages virtual machine images.
VM Pool Management: Organizes and manages a pool of virtual machines for deployment.
Scheduling: Allocates resources based on user requests and availability.
Provisioning: Automatically deploys and configures resources as needed.
3. Physical Infrastructure
The hardware layer that provides actual computing power and storage.
Datacenter: A centralized facility housing cloud hardware.
Cluster: Group of interconnected systems that work together.
Desktop/Heterogeneous Resources: Diverse hardware types used as part of the cloud.
4. Third-Party IaaS Cloud Integration
Supports integration with external IaaS providers for resource scaling.
Q2. With a neat diagram explain private cloud deployment mode supported by Aneka
Ans: Private cloud deployment mode
A private deployment mode is mostly constituted by local physical resources and infrastructure
management software providing access to a local pool of nodes, which might be virtualized. Figure 5.5
shows a common deployment for a private Aneka Cloud. This deployment is acceptable for a scenario in
which the workload of the system is predictable and a local virtual machine manager can easily address
excess capacity demand. Most of the Aneka nodes are constituted of physical nodes with a long lifetime and
a static configuration and generally do not need to be reconfigured often. The different nature of the
machines harnessed in a private environment allows for specific policies on resource management and usage
that can be accomplished by means of the Reservation Service. For example, desktop machines that are used
during the day for office automation can be exploited outside the standard working hours to execute
distributed applications. Workstation clusters might have some specific legacy software that is required for
supporting the execution of applications and should be executed with special requirements
Features of private cloud deployment mode :
Dedicated Infrastructure: Resources are exclusively used by a single organization.
Enhanced Security: Greater control over data privacy, access, and compliance.
Customization: Tailored to specific business needs and performance requirements.
Scalability: Can scale resources based on internal demand.
(10 marks)
Q1. Explain the cloud computing architecture in detail
Ans: The cloud reference model It is possible to organize all the concrete realizations of cloud computing
into a layered view covering the entire stack (see Figure 3.1), from hardware appliances to software systems.
Cloud resources are harnessed to offer “computing horsepower” required for providing services. Cloud
infrastructure can be heterogeneous in nature because a variety of resources, such as clusters and even
networked PCs, can be used to build it. Moreover, database systems and other storage services can also be
part of the infrastructure.
The physical infrastructure is managed by the core middleware, the objectives of which are to provide an
appropriate runtime environment for applications and to best utilize resources. At the bottom of the stack,
virtualization technologies are used to guarantee runtime environment customization, application isolation,
sandboxing, and quality of service. Hardware virtualization is most commonly used at this level.
Hypervisors manage the pool of resources and expose the distributed infrastructure as a collection of virtual
machines. Infrastructure management is the key function of core middleware, which supports capabilities
such as negotiation of the quality of service, admission control, execution management and monitoring,
accounting, and billing. The combination of cloud hosting platforms and resources is generally classified as
a Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) solution. The IaaS has two categories: Some of them provide both the
management layer and the physical infrastructure; others provide only the management layer (IaaS (M)). In
this second case, the management layer is often integrated with other IaaS solutions that provide physical
infrastructure and adds value to them. IaaS solutions are suitable for designing the system infrastructure but
provide limited services to build applications. PaaS solutions generally include the infrastructure as well,
which is bundled as part of the service provided to users. In the case of Pure PaaS, only the user-level
middleware is offered, and it has to be complemented with a virtual or physical infrastructure. The top
layer of the reference model depicted in above figure contains services delivered at the application level.
These are mostly referred to as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
Q2. With a neat diagram explain the Aneka framework overview
Ans: Aneka is a flexible and extensible cloud computing platform designed to support the development and
deployment of distributed applications. It operates through a network of interconnected containers that form
the Aneka Cloud. These containers collectively represent a single domain where services are made available
to both developers and users.At the heart of the Aneka Cloud is the Aneka Container, which serves as the
fundamental building block and deployment unit. It is a lightweight software layer responsible for hosting
various services and facilitating communication between applications and the underlying operating system
and hardware. Each container is built over the Platform Abstraction Layer (PAL), which provides a
uniform interface across different operating systems, addressing the heterogeneity in file systems and
system-level data structures. This allows containers to run seamlessly on different platforms without
modification.The services within each container are divided into three primary classes: Fabric Services,
Foundation Services, and Application Services. These services work in harmony to manage the
infrastructure, provide support functions, and handle application execution.
1. Fabric Services
Fabric services form the lowest layer of the Aneka software stack. Their role is primarily to manage the
infrastructure and enable the dynamic provisioning and monitoring of system resources. They are
responsible for providing new nodes on demand through virtualization technologies and maintaining a basic
monitoring infrastructure.
The two key components of Fabric Services are:
Profiling and Monitoring: This service handles hardware profiling and system monitoring to assess
the health and performance of the infrastructure.
Resource Management: This manages the elastic nature of Aneka by enabling the dynamic addition
and removal of computing resources in response to application demands.
2. Foundation Services
These services provide core support functionalities that enhance the operational efficiency of the Aneka Cloud.
They ensure that the infrastructure remains stable, scalable, and accessible to users.
Key features include:
Elasticity and Scaling: Aneka can scale infrastructure dynamically using its provisioning services,
adding or removing nodes as required.
Runtime Management: Maintains the operational status of the infrastructure and serves as a host
environment for other services.
User Management: Aneka supports a multi-tenant environment where different users can manage
applications. It allows for the creation of users, groups, and permission systems.
QoS/SLA Management and Billing: Application execution in the cloud is measured and billed
accordingly. These services monitor resource usage and handle billing based on user consumption.
3. Application Services
These services are focused on application-level management, ensuring that deployed applications are
executed, monitored, and managed effectively.
Application Services include:
Application Management: Handles scheduling, execution, and monitoring of applications.
Storage Management: Ensures efficient handling and storage of data required by applications.
These services enable developers to deploy and monitor applications without needing to manage the
underlying infrastructure directly.
Platform Abstraction Layer (PAL)
The PAL is an essential part of the Aneka architecture. Since different operating systems organize file systems
and system information differently, PAL acts as a compatibility layer, providing a consistent interface to
the containers. This abstraction simplifies development and deployment by allowing containers to run on
diverse operating systems without the need for customization.
