References

/Bibliography
What is referencing?

Is a standardised way of

acknowledging the sources of
information and ideas that you
have used in your assignments and
which allows the sources to be
identified ( The University of
Queensland).
Why Reference?

Referencing is important:
To avoid plagiarism
To verify quotation
To enable readers to follow up
what you have written
To fully understand the cited
author’s work.
 Steps in Referencing
Record the full bibliography details
and relevant page numbers of the
source from which information is
taken.
Insert the citation at the appropriate
place in the text of your document,
Include a reference list that includes
all in –text citations at the end of your
document.
 References

There are many ways of listing a work

reviewed.
Regardless of style, all documents are
classified as either books or periodical
articles (journal, serial, etc.)
 References

• Books are distinguished by the

inclusion of the publisher and place
of publication

•Journal articles are accompanied by

the volume and pages.

•Some editors underline (italicize) book

or article titles or enclose them in
quotations and complete with titles and
pages of articles.
 In-Text Citations : American
Psychological Association (APA) Style
 In an author-date style, in text-citations
usually require the name of the author(s)
and the year of publication.
 A page number is included if you have a
direct quote, paraphrase a passage or you
want to direct the reader to a specific
page or idea. Page numbers may also be
included if you are referring to a long work
and the page numbers might be useful to
the reader.
How to Create a reference
list/bibliography? (APA Style)

 A reference list includes just the books, articles, and

web pages etc. that are cited in the text of the
document. A bibliography includes all sources
consulted for background or further reading.
 A reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. If
an item has no author, it is cited by title, and included
in the alphabetical list using the first significant word of
the title.
 If your have more than one item with the same author,
list the items chronologically, starting with the earliest
publication.
 Each reference appears on a new line.
 Each item in the reference list is required to have a
hanging indent.
 References should not be numbered.
Referencing APA style refer
to the handouts
 Citing in the Text: Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Style
Indicating the relevant reference in the text
 • A number enclosed in square brackets, eg.[1] or [26],
placed in the text of the essay, indicates the relevant
reference.
 • Each reference number should be enclosed in square
brackets on the same line as the text, before any
punctuation, with a space before the bracket.
 • Citations are numbered in the order in which they
appear in the text and each citation corresponds to a
numbered reference containing publication information
about the source cited in the reference list at the end of
the publication, essay or assignment.
 • Once a source has been cited, the same number is
used in all subsequent references.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 IEEE Style: Citing in the Text

 No distinction is made between print and

electronic references when citing within
the text.
 It is not necessary to mention either the
author(s) or the date of the reference
unless it is relevant to your text.
 It is not necessary to say " in reference [26]
..." "In [26] ..." is sufficient.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Examples:

 "...end of the line for my research [13]."

"The theory was first put forward in 1987 [1]."
"Scholtz [2] has argued that......."
"Several recent studies [3, 4, 15, 16] have
suggested that..."
"For example, see [7]."

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
IEEE Style: Citing in the Text
Citing more than one reference at a time
 • When citing more than one source at a
time, the preferred method is to list each
reference number separately with a comma
or dash between each reference:
 Preferred
[1], [3], [5]
[1] - [5]
 • Although the following method is also
acceptable:
 Acceptable
[1, 3, 5]
[1-5] Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 IEEE Style: Citing in the Text
Citing a reference multiple times
 • When citing a source for a second or
subsequent time, do not use ibid or op. cit.
 • In the text, repeat the earlier reference number.
 • If referring to a different page number, or other
reference, within the source, use the following
forms:
 [3, pp. 5-10], [3, Ch. 2, pp. 6-21], [3, Fig. 1], [3, Sec.
4.5]

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 IEEE Style: Citing in the Text

Citing Personal Communications

 Personal communications include
conversations, letters, interviews, e-mails and
telephone conversations.
 • IEEE style states that you cite only published
works, forthcoming published works, and
unpublished materials available to scholars in a
library, a depository, or an archive.
 • For interviews or other "non-recoverable"
information, no citation number is necessary.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 IEEE Style: Citing in the Text

 This does not mean that an attempt to identify

the author is unnecessary, but that it needs to be
done in the text itself:
• "In a personal interview with Bill Gates, he
suggested that he would soon rule the
world."
• "In a letter to the author, Professor Mueller
detailed his experiences with using this data
collection software."
Citing Secondary Sources: IEEE
Style

 • IEEE style does not allow for the use

of secondary source.
 • Locate the original source of information
which is cited in a work which you have
read.
 • If an original source cannot be located, it
should not be cited.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Journal articles (print)

Citation Author(s) First name or initials. Surname, “Name

Elements of paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical (in italics),
vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.
Examples

Journal article [1] K. P. Dabke and K. M. Thomas, "Expert system

with no month guidance for library users," Library Hi Tech, vol. 10, no.
details 1-2, pp. 53-60, 1992.

Journal article [2] H. Yang, H. Luo, F. Ye, S. Lu and L. Zhang, “Security in

with journal title Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Challenges and Solutions,” IEEE
abbreviated Wireless Comm., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 38–47, Feb. 2004.
and month
details provided
Note: The journal title IEEE Wireless Communications has been
abbreviated as per IEEE convention.

Source:
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/c.php?g=219786&p=1454295#Journalarticlesprint
 IEEE [3]H.Fujihara, M. Goto, T.Kitahara and H.G.Okuno, "A
transactions Modeling of Singing Voice Robust to
journal title Accompaniment Sounds and Its Application to
citation Singer Identification and Vocal-Timbre-Similarity-
Based Music Information Retrieval," IEEE Audio,
Speech, Language Process.,vol.18, no. 3, pp.638–
648, Mar. 2010.

Journal article [4] A.A. Aziz, Y.A. Sekercioglu, P. Fitzpatrick and M.

which is yet to Ivanovich "A survey on distributed topology control
be published techniques for extending the lifetime of battery
powered wireless sensor networks," IEEE
Communications Surveys and Tutorials, to be
published.

Yet to be published: (ie. accepted or scheduled)

with as many details as are available with the
phrase "to be published" added in the reference.

Source:
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/c.php?g=219786&p=1454295#Journalarticlesprint
 Online Journal articles - when the
DOI is available
 This is the preferred method for referencing an
online journal article, but you can only use this
method if you have a DOI. This is the simplest
method for the researcher and potential readers of
the research output. Fortunately, many databases
have a Digital Object Identifier which is commonly
abbreviated to DOI in our
subscribed databases such as IEEExplore. "The basic
guideline for citing online sources is to follow the
standard citation for the source given previously
and add the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) at the
end of the citation, or add the DOI in place of page
numbers if the source is not paginated."
Source:
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/c.php?g=219786&p=1454295#Journalarticlesprint
 Online Journal articles - when the
DOI is available
Citation Author(s) First name or initials. Surname, “Name of
Elements paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical (in italics), vol.
x, no. x, pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.

Examples
IEEE [5] X. Li, J. Vucic, V. Jungnickel, and J. Armstrong, "On
Transactions the capacity of intensity-modulated direct-detection
journal title syst. and the inform. rate of ACO-OFDM for indoor
optical wireless applications," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.
60, no. 3, pp. 799-809, Mar. 2012.
doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2012.020612.090300
Standard [6] X. Zhu and X. Wu, “Class noise vs. attribute noise: A
journal article quantitative study of their impacts,” Artif. Intell. Rev.,
vol. 22, no. 3/4, pp. 177–210, Nov. 2004. doi:
10.1007/s10462-004-0751-8
Note: The title Artificial Intelligence Review has been
abbreviated.
 Online Journal articles - with a
URL and no DOI
 You can use this method if you are citing an online journal article
with a URL and there is no DOI available.

Citation Author(s) First name or initials. Surname. (year, month). Title

Elements of article. Title of Journal (in italics). [Type of
medium]. volume number in italics (issue number in italics),
pp. pages. Available: site/path/file

Example
Journal article This version of the same article as above with a DOI, is
with URL from housed on the author's university homepage with a
author's URL. You will notice the style is quite different. This
homepage example has the journal title Artificial Intelligence Review
abbreviated.
[7] X. Zhu and X. Wu. (2004, Nov.) Class noise vs. attribute
noise: A quantitative study of their impacts. Artif. Intell.
Rev. [Online]. vol. 22 (no. 3/4), pp. 177–210. Available:
http://cs.nju.edu.cn/zhouzh/zhouzh.files/course/dm/readi
ng/reading03/zhu_airev04.pdf
 Magazine articles (print)

Citation Author(s) First name or initials. Surname,

Elements “Name of paper,” Abbrev. Title of
Magazine (in italics), vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx–
xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.

Examples
[8] C. Null, "The future of your
PC,"Australian PC World, pp. 43–52, Dec.
2006.Note: The country is not needed in
the place of publication, if the City is well
known, for example: Paris, New York, or
Rome.
Source:
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/c.php?g=219786&p=1454295#Journalarticlesprint
 Online magazine article with a DOI
 The IEEE Editorial Style Manual has one style for all
print periodicals (including journal articles and
magazine articles). If there is a DOI for the online
magazine article, add the DOI number at the end
of the citation.

Citation Author(s) First name or initials. Surname, “Name of

Elements paper,” Abbrev. Title of Periodical (in italics), vol. x, no.
x, pp. xxx–xxx, Abbrev. Month, year.
Examples
[9] Z, Xiao, Y. Xiao and D. H. C. Du, "Non-repudiation in
neighborhood area networks for smart grid," IEEE
Commun. Mag., vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 18-26 ,Jan. 2013.
doi:10.1109/MCOM.2013.6400434

Source:
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/c.php?g=219786&p=1454295#Journalarticlesprint
 Online magazine article with a URL
and no DOI
Citation Author(s) First name or initials. Surname. (year,
Elements month day). Title of article with no quotes. Title of
Magazine (in italics) [Type of medium]. pp. pages
numbers if given. Available: site/path/file
Note: only item [10] has day included in date
details. You can only include information which is
supplied.
Examples
Online Note: there are no page numbers provided on this
magazine online version of the magazine article.
accessed
from the
World Wide
Web
[10]J. Farrell. (2007, May 23). In Wikipedia we
trust? Cosmos Online [Online]. Available:
http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/1339
Online [11] C. Null. (2006, Dec.). The future of your
magazine PC. Australian PC World, [Online]. pp. 43–52.
article access Available: http://find.galegroup.com
from a library
database

Online [12] K. Derkley. (2012, Oct.). Brain implant to be

magazine the eye of the beholder. Monash Mag.[Online].
available Available:
from the http://www.monash.edu/monashmag/articles/
world-wide- brain-implant-to-be-the-eye-of-the-
web where beholder.html
the title is
abbreviated
Note: this example has the word "magazine"
from the magazine title abbreviated to "mag."
as it is one of the Standard IEEE words.
Source:
http://guides.lib.monash.edu/c.php?g=219786&p=1454295#Jour
nalarticlesprint
 Sources: Assignment
Information
 • You must provide appropriate references when referring
to your own work. For students, this applies if you quote or
paraphrase any work you have submitted for an assessment
in another unit.
 • This is necessary as all assignments include the following
Student Declaration:
 Except where indicated, the work I am submitting in this
assignment is my own work and has not been submitted for
assessment in another unit.
 • This includes text, figures, or tables copied from a
completed assessment in a different Unit without proper
acknowledgement of the original source (even if you are
the original author).

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
Standard format for citation:
Assignment

[#] A. A. Author, "Title of assignment: Subtitle if

appropriate," Unpublished manuscript, Unit
Code: Name of Unit., Abbrev. Univ. Name,
Location of University, Abbrev. State,
Country, Year.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Assignment

Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry

[1] S. F. Reid, “The

Importance of scientific
method," Unpublished
Assignment
manuscript, BSC100:
from Another [1]
Building Blocks for Science
Unit
Students, Murdoch Univ.,
Murdoch, WA, Australia,
2016.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Standard format for citation:
A-V Material
[#] A. A. Author, "Title of assignment: Subtitle if
(appropriate)," Unpublished manuscript, Unit Code: Name
of Unit., Abbrev. Univ. Name, Location of University, Abbrev.
State, Country, Year.

Standard format for YouTube/Video

video citation

#] A. A. Person OR Screen name. "Title of

video," YouTube OR Vimeo, Date video uploaded, Year.
[Video file]. Available: internet address of specific
video. [Accessed: Month Day, Year].

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 A-V Material
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry

[2] I. Holm, Narrator, and

DVD [2] J. Fullerton-Smith,
Producer, How to Build a
Human [DVD]. London:
BBC; 2002.

[3] R. Aedy, Interviewer,

D. Hector, Interviewee,
Radio Programme [3] and S. Clark, Producer,
"The future of
engineering," The Buzz, 25
Sept., 2004 [Radio
broadcast]. Sydney: ABC
Radio.
Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 A-V Material

[4] D. Fisher, Writer, and T. Baker,

Presenter, Doctor Who and the
Sound Recording [4] Creature From the Pit [Sound
recording]. Bath, UK: BBC Audiobooks,
2009.

[5] T. Jones and P. Williams, Reporters,

BP releases report into Gulf of Mexico
Television
[5] oil spill. Lateline, 8 Sept.,
Programme
2010 [Television broadcast]. Sydney:
ABC1 Television.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 A-V Material

[6] C. Rogers, Writer and

Director, Grrls in IT [Videorecording].
Video Recording [6]
Bendigo, Vic. : Video Education
Australasia, 1999.

[7] NRK. "Medieval helpdesk with

English subtitles," YouTube, Feb.
26, 2007 [Video file].
YouTube/ Video [7]
Available: http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ. [Accessed:
Jan. 28, 2014].
 Standard format for citation:
Book Chapter

[#] A. A. Author of Part, "Title of chapter or

part," in Title: Subtitle of book, Edition, Vol., A.
Editor, Ed. Place of publication: Publisher,
Year, pp. inclusive page numbers.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Book chapter
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry

[8] A. Rezi and M. Allam,

"Techniques in array
processing by means of
transformations, " in Control
Chapter or Article in Edited and Dynamic Systems, Vol.
[8]
Book 69, Multidemsional Systems,
C. T. Leondes, Ed. San
Diego: Academic Press,
1995, pp. 133-180.

[9] O. B. R. Strimpel,
"Computer graphics,"
in McGraw-Hill
Article in an Encyclopaedia [9] Encyclopedia of Science
and Technology, 8th ed.,
Vol. 4. New York: McGraw-
Hill, 1997, pp. 279-283.
Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Books: Information

 • Only the author's initials are included regardless of the

presentation of the author's name in the source document.
 • The names of all authors should be given in the references
unless the number of authors is greater than six.
 • If there are more than six authors, you may use et al. after
the name of the first author.
 • Capitalisation practice should be consistent.
 • Every (important) word in the title of a work must be
capitalised.
 • Only the first word of a subtitle should be capitalised.
 • Capitalise the "v" in Volume for a book title.
 • Information about places of publication should follow the
guidelines for place names.
Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Standard Format for citation:
Authored work

[#] A. A. Author, Title: Subtitle (in italics), Edition(if not the first),
Vol.(if a multivolume work). Place of publication: Publisher,
Year, page number(s) (if appropriate).

Edited work:

[#] A. A. Author, Title: Subtitle (in italics),

Edition(if not the first), Vol.(if a multivolume
work). Place of publication: Publisher, Year,
page number(s) (if appropriate).
 Book
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry
[10] W.-K. Chen, Linear
Networks and Systems.
Belmont, CA: Wadsworth,
Book: Single Author [10] 1993, pp. 123-135

[11] U. J. Gelinas, Jr., S. G.

Sutton, and J.
Fedorowicz, Business
Processes and Information
Book: Two or More Authors [11] Technology. Cincinnati:
South-Western/Thomson
Learning, 2004.

[12] World Bank, Information

and Communication
Book: Organisation as
[12] Technologies: A World Bank
Author
group strategy. Washington,
DC: World Bank, 2002.
Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 [13] Australia. Attorney-
Generals Department., Digital
Book: Government Agency as Agenda Review, 4 Vols.
[13]
Author Canberra: Attorney- General's
Department, 2003.

[14] The Oxford Dictionary of

Computing, 5th ed. Oxford:
Book: No Author [14]
Oxford University Press, 2003.

[15] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers.

Book: Editor [15] New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

[16] K. Schwalbe, Information

Technology Project
Management, 3rd ed. Boston:
Book: Different Editions [16]
Course Technology, 2004.

[17] K. E. Elliott and C.M.

Greene, "A local adaptive
Scientific/Technical Report [17] protocol," Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, France,
Tech. Rep. 916-1010-BB, 1997.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Standard format for citation:
Conference Paper
Conference Paper in Print Proceedings:
[#] A. Author of Paper and B. Author of Paper, "Title of paper," in Title
of Published Proceedings: Proceedings of the Title of Conf.: Subtitle of
conference, Month Date, Year, Location, A. Editor and B. Editor, Eds.
Place of publication: Publisher, Year. pp. inclusive page numbers.

Conference Paper from the Internet:

[#] A. Author of Paper and B. Author of Paper, "Title of paper,"
in Proceedings of the Title of Conf.: Subtitle of conference, Month
Date, Year, Location[Format]. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
Available: Database Name (if appropriate), internet address. [Accessed:
date of access].

Conference Proceedings:

[#] A. Editor and B. Editor, Eds., Title of Conf.: Subtitle of conference,

Month Date, Year, Location (optional). Place of publication: Name
of Publisher, Year.
Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Conference Papers
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry

[18] L. Liu and H. Miao, "A

specification based approach
to testing polymorphic
attributes," in Formal Methods
and Software Engineering:
Proc. of the 6th Int. Conf. on
Conference Paper in Print [18] Formal Engineering Methods,
ICFEM 2004, Seattle, WA, USA,
November 8-12, 2004, J.
Davies, W. Schulte, M. Barnett,
Eds. Berlin: Springer, 2004. pp.
306-19.

[19] J. Lach, "SBFS:

Steganography based file
system," in Proc. of the 2008 1st
Int. Conf. on Information
Conference Paper from the
[19] Technology, IT 2008, 19-21 May
Internet
2008, Gdansk, Poland [Online].
Available: IEEE Xplore,
http://www.ieee.org. [Accesse
d: 10 Sept. 2010].
 [20] H. A. Nimr,
"Defuzzification of the
outputs of fuzzy
Unpublished Conference
[20] controllers," presented at
Paper
5th Int. Conf. on Fuzzy
Systems, 1996, Cairo,
Egypt. 1996.

[21] T. J. van Weert and R.

K. Munro, Eds., Informatics
and the Digital Society:
Social, ethical and
cognitive issues: IFIP
TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open
Conference Proceedings [21]
Conf.e on Social, Ethical
and Cognitive Issues of
Informatics and ICT, July
22-26, 2002, Dortmund,
Germany. Boston: Kluwer
Academic, 2003.
Standard format for citation: E-Book

[#] A. Author, Title of E-book. Place:

Publisher, Date of original publication.
[Format] Available: Source.

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 E-books
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry
[22] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R.
Kazman, Software Architecture
in Practice, 2nd ed. Reading,
E-book [22] MA: Addison Wesley, 2003.
[Online] Available: Safari e-
book.

[23] D. Kawecki, "Fuel

preparation," in Combustion
Engineering Issues for Solid Fuel
Systems, B.G. Miller and D.A.
Chapter from an E-book [23]
Tillman, Eds. Boston,
MA: Academic Press, 2008, 199-
240. [Online] Available: Referex.

[24] G. S. Thompson and M. P.

Harmer, "Nanoscale ceramic
composites," in Encyclopedia of
Materials: Science and
Technology, K. H. J. Buschow, R.
Article from an Electronic
[24] W. Cahn, M. C. Flemings, B.
Encyclopaedia
Ilschner, E.J. Kramer, S.
Mahajan, and P. Veyssière, Eds.
Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001, pp.
5927-5930. [Online].
Available: ScienceDirect.
 Standard format for citation: E-Journal

[#] A. Author, "Title of Article," Title of Journal, vol.,

no., p. page numbers, month year. [Format].
Available: Database Name (if appropriate),
internet address. [Accessed: date of access].

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 E-journal
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry
[25] H. Ayasso and A.
Mohammad-Djafari, "Joint NDT
Image Restoration and
Segmentation Using Gauss–
Markov–Potts Prior Models and
Variational Bayesian
Journal Article from a
[25] Computation," IEEE Transactions
Full Text Database
on Image Processing, vol. 19, no.
9, pp. 2265-77, 2010. [Online].
Available: IEEE Xplore,
http://www.ieee.org. [Accessed
Sept. 10, 2010].

[26] P. H. C. Eilers and J. J.

Goeman, "Enhancing scatterplots
with smoothed
Journal Article from the densities," Bioinformatics, vol. 20,
[26]
Internet no. 5, pp. 623-628, March 2004.
[Online]. Available:
www.oxfordjournals.org.
[Accessed Sept. 18, 2004].
Standard format for citation:
Internet Documents

[#] A. Author, "Document title," Webpage

name, Source/production information, Date
of internet publication. [Format]. Available:
internet address. [Accessed: Date of
access].

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Internet Documents
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry
[27] European
Telecommunications
Standards Institute, “Digital
Video Broadcasting (DVB):
Implementation guidelines
for DVB terrestrial services;
transmission
Electronic Document [27] aspects,” European
Telecommunications
Standards Institute, ETSI TR-
101-190, 1997. [Online].
Available:
http://www.etsi.org.
[Accessed: Aug. 17, 1998].

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Internet Documents

Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry

[28] Australia. Department
of of Education,
Employment and
Workplace
Relations, Survey on
Changes in Awareness
and Understanding of
Science, Engineering and
Technology: Report on
[28] findings. Canberra: The
government Publication
Department; 2008.
[Online]. Available: http://
www.dest.gov.au/NR/rdon
lyres/241263CF-8585-4EEC-
B104-
C947C6C18029/23713/Sur
veyonChangesinawarenes
sunderstandingofSET.pdf.
[Accessed: Sept. 7, 2010].
 Internet Documents

Reference List Entry

Material Type In-Text Citation
[29] J. Geralds, "Sega Ends
Production of
Dreamcast," vnunet.com,
Whole Internet para. 2, Jan. 31, 2001.
[29]
Site [Online]. Available:
http://nl1.vnunet.com/news/
1116995. [Accessed: Sept. 12,
2004].

Source: http://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/IEEE/text
 Journal Articles
 This information relates to journal articles from print
sources.
 • For journal articles from electronic sources,
please see E-journals.
 • Only the author's initials are given, regardless of
the presentation of the author's name on the
journal article.
 • Capitalisation practice should also be
consistent.
 • Capitalise only the first word of an article title,
except for proper nouns or acronyms. Every
(important) word in the title of a journal must be
capitalised.
 Journal Articles
 You must either spell out the entire name of
each journal that you reference or use
accepted abbreviations. You must consistently
do one or the other.
 Do not capitalise the "v" in volume for a journal
article.
 You may spell out words such as volume or
December, but you must either spell out all such
occurrences or abbreviate all. You do not need
to abbreviate March, April, May, June or July.
 To indicate a page range use 123-9, 126-34 or
111-222. If you refer to only one page, use only
111.
Standard format for citation:
Journal articles

[#] A. A. Author of article. "Title of

article," Title of Journal, vol. #, no. #, pp.
page number/s, Month year.
 Journal Articles
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry

[30] G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F.

Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de
Bruijn networks and shufflenets
Journal Article in Print:
[30] for optical
Abbreviated titles
communications," IEEE Trans.
Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701,
June 1997.

[31] J. R. Beveridge and E. M.

Riseman, "How easy is matching
2D line models using local
Journal Article in Print: Full titles [31] search?" IEEE Transactions on
Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, vol. 19, pp. 564-
579, June 1997.
Standard format for citation:
Newspaper Articles

[#] Article Author AA. "Title of

article," Title of Newspaper:
Section, p. inclusive page numbers,
Month Date, Year.
 Newspaper Articles
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry
[32] N. Perpitch, "Green
groups battle to overturn
Newspaper Article in Print [32] gas plan," The Australian, p.
2, Sept. 7, 2010.

[33] C. Wilson-Clark,
"Computers ranked as key
literacy," The West
Australian, para. 3, March
Newspaper Article from the 29, 2004. [Online].
[33]
Internet Available:
http://www.thewest.com.a
u. [Accessed Sept. 18,
2004].

[34] J. Riley, "Call for new

look at skilled migrants," The
Australian, p. 35, May 31,
Newspaper Article from a
[34] 2005. [Online]. Available:
Full Text Database
Factiva,
http://global.factiva.com.
[Accessed May 31, 2005].
 Standard format for citation: Podcast

[#] A. A. Artist , Credit, and B. B. Artist, Credit,

"Title of episode," Title of Programme:
Subtitle, Date of recording, Year. Place of
recording: Publisher.
[Format]. Available: Internet address. [Accessed:
Month Day, Year].
 Podcasts
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry
[35] R. Robertson,
Speaker, Leadership
at the Bottom of the
Earth…Where No
One Hears You
Scream, 2010 Sir
Walter Murdoch
Lecture. Murdoch
Podcast [35] (WA): Murdoch
University; 2010.
[Podcast]. Available:
https://lectures.murd
och.edu.au/lectopia/
lectopia.lasso?ut=136
9&id=71101.
[Accessed Aug. 5,
2010].
 [36] D. Hill, Speaker, Australian
Media Representation of Asia.
In Australia in
Asia (FDN110). Murdoch (WA):
Murdoch University; Apr. 4, 2012.
[Podcast lecture]. Available:
Podcast Lecture from Lectopia [36]
https://lectures.murdoch.edu.a
u/lectopia/casterframe.lasso?fi
d=375705&cnt=true&usr=S94002
5F&name=not-indicated.
[Accessed Jun. 5, 2012].

[37] S. Gary, Presenter, “Black

Hole Death Ray,” StarStuff, Dec.
23, 2007. Sydney: ABC News
Radio. [Podcast radio
Podcast Radio Programme [37]
programme]. Available:
http://abc.net.au/newsradio/p
odcast/STARSTUFF.xml.
[Accessed Feb. 4, 2008].
 [38] W. Brown and K.
Brodie, Presenters, and P.
George, Producer, “From
Lake Baikal to the Halfway
Mark,
Yekaterinburg,” Peking to
Paris: Episode 3, Jun. 4,
Podcast Television
[38] 2007. Sydney: ABC
Programme
Television. [Podcast
television
programme]. Available:
http://www.abc.net.au/tv/
pekingtoparis/podcast/pe
kingtoparis.xml. [Accessed
Feb. 4, 2008].
 Standard format for citation:
Readers/Study Guides

Give all available details in the appropriate

format for the original material, then add:
Reprinted in Title of Study Guide or Reader:
Subtitle. Place of publication: Publisher,
Year, pp. Page Numbers.
 Readers/Study Guides

Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry

[39] C. J. Campbell and

J. H. Laherrere, "The End
of Cheap Oil", Scientific
American, vol. 278, no. 3,
pp. 78-83, March 1998.
Reader [39] Reprinted in Introduction
to Energy Studies
(PEC190): Selected
readings. Murdoch, WA:
Murdoch Univ., 2006, pp.
129-134.
 Standard format for citation: Theses

Unpublished:
[#] A. A. Author, "Title of thesis: Subtitle," Unpublished thesis type,
Abbrev, Dept., Abbrev. Univ., Location of University, Abbrev.
State, Country, Year.

Published:

[#] A. A. Author, Title of Thesis: Subtitle. Place of publication:

Publisher, Year of publication.

From a full text database:

[#] A. A. Author, Title of Thesis: Subtitle. Thesis type [Format].

Location of University: Abbrev. Univ., Year. Available: Database
Name.
 Theses
Material Type In-Text Citation Reference List Entry
[40] M. W. Dixon,
"Application of neural
networks to solve the
routing problem in
Unpublished Thesis [40] communication networks,"
Ph.D. dissertation, Murdoch
Univ., Murdoch, WA,
Australia, 1999.

[41] M. Lehmann, Data

Access in Workflow
Published Thesis [41] Management Systems.
Berlin: Aka, 2006.

[42] F.
Sudweeks, Development
and Leadership in
Computer-Mediated
Thesis from a Full Text Collaborative Groups. PhD
[42]
Database [Dissertation]. Murdoch,
WA: Murdoch Univ.,
2007. [Online]. Available:
Australasian Digital Theses
Program.
References

 No-Nos
 Reference(s) list even without being listed cited
References derived from unreliable sources
Wikipedia; WikiLeaks; etc.
Incomplete information
no author (Anonymous: unacceptable); no title;
undated (ND: unacceptable); etc.
Inconsistent style/format
(American Psychological Association, 2010)
 MS Word Reference tool
 Open MS Word
 Open the ‘References’ tool
 Open the pull-down menu of ‘Style’ and choose the preferred
format
 e.g., APA, Chicago, Harvard, MLA, Turabian, etc. (12
choices)
 Click ‘Insert Citation …’ once
 Select ‘Add New Source …’
 In the ‘Create Source’ box, do the following:
 1. Specify the ‘Type of Source’ by using the pull-down menu
 e.g., Book, Book Section, Journal Article, etc. (21 choices)
 Enter the correct information in the ‘Bibliography Fields’
 e.g., Author(s), Title, Year, etc.
 Cite while you write
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Book section Journal article Article in a periodical
Conference proceedings Report
Web site Electronic source Document
from web site Sound recording Art
Performance Interview Patent
Case
Film
 QUOTATIONS ON RESEARCH

 "If we knew what we were doing it

wouldn't be research." -- Albert Einstein
 Research serves to make building stones
out of stumbling blocks." -- Arthur D. Little
 "Scientific research consists in seeing what
everyone else has seen, but thinking what
no one else has thought." -- Source
Unknown
 http://guides.lib.monash.edu/citing-referencing/ieee