TERMINOLOGIES
Ethics - it is the science of morality. It refers to the moral principles of practice.
Jurisprudence - is defined as a system of laws. It is the science of philosophy of laws.
Law - total sum of rules and regulations by which a society is governed.
ETHICS
The term is derived from the Greek word "ethos" which can mean custom, habit, character or
disposition it is the science of morality. It refers to the moral principles of practice.
The expected standards of a human behavior of a particular group a described in the group's
formal code of profession ethics.
Ethics is concerned with "what is good" individuals and society and is also described as moral
philosophy.
Our concepts of ethic have been derived from religions, philosophies and cultures. They infuse
debates on topics like abortion, human rights and
professional conduct.
APPROACHES TO ETHICS
Three areas of ethicaltheories:
1. Meta-ethics
2. Normative Ethics
3. Applied Ethics
META-ETHICS
deals with the nature of moral judgement. It looks at the origins and meaning of ethical
principles.
investigates the origin of our ethical principles and what they imply:
Are Ethics merely social inventions?
Are there moral facts?
Why should we do the "right" thing?
NORMATIVE ETHICS
Is concerned with the content of moral judgements and the criteria for what is right or wrong
arrives at moral standards that regulate right and wrong conduct:
How do we decide what is right from wrong?
What good habits should we acquire?
What duty do we have to others?
METAETHICS VERSUS NORMATIVE
METAETHICS
Metaethics is the study of the nature of ethics
Analyzes the meaning of moral language and metaphysics of moral facts
More philosophical in nature as it analyzes the nature of ethics and morality
NORMATIVE ETHICS
Normative ethics is the study of ethical action
Evaluates standards for the rightness and wrongness of actions
More practical in nature
APPLIED ETHICS
looks at controversial topics like war, animal rights and capital punishment.
Examines specific controversial issues such as:
Abortion
Capital punishment
War
Animal rights
PERSONAL ETHICS
refer to a person's personal or self-created values and codes of conduct.
From the very beginning, these ethics are instilled in an individual, with a large part having been
played by their parents, friends, and family.
Common examples may include honesty, openness, commitment, unbiased behavior, and
sense of responsibility
What a person develops regarding fairness or learns during childhood remains with him all
through his life and is reflected by his actions and words.
No matter if he is talking to a friend or his relatives or an elderly, his
ethics would be clear from what he says and how he says it.
A person's personal ethics are revealed in a professional situation through his behavior.
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
are those values and principles that are introduced to an individual in a professional
organization.
Each employee is meant to strictly follow these principles. They do not have a choice.
Also, this approach is imperative in professional settings as it brings a sense of discipline in
people as well as helps maintain decorum in offices.
Some examples may include confidentiality, fairness, transparency and proficiency.
These ethics make employees responsible.
Personal ethics focus on morals and principles, while professional ethics demand adherence to
corporate rules.
Personal Ethics
Includes your personal values and moral qualities.
Incorporated by family, friends and surroundings since your childhood.
Examples: honesty, care, and sincerity.
Not conforming to these may harm or hurt others.
Your personal needs are satisfied by following these.
Professional Ethics
Rules imposed on an employee in a company, or as member of a profession, e.g. doctor or
lawyer.
Learnt when you are a part of a professional setting or when you are being trained or educated
for working there.
Examples: no gossiping, time management, punctuality, confidentiality, transparency.
Not adhering to these may harm your professional reputation.
Your professional needs are satisfied by following these.
JURISPRUDENCE
The word is derived from the Latin term:
is denned as a system of laws.
It is the science of philosophy of laws.
In the United States jurisprudence commonly means the philosophy of law.
LAW
The total sum of rules and regulations by which a society is governed. As such, law is created
by the people and exists to regulate all persons.
PRIMARY SOURCES OF LAWS
Constitutional law
Legislation (Statutory law)
Treaties and Convention
Judicial Decisions
Customary Law
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
"supreme law of the country"
It establishes the general organization of the government, grants certain power to the
government, and places limits on what government may do.
LEGISLATION (STATUTORY LAW)
Laws enacted by any legislative body
including Acts of Congress, municipal charters, municipal legislation, court rules, administrative
rules and orders, legislative rules and presidential issuances.
TREATIES AND CONVENTION
these have the same force of authority as statutes.
JUDICIAL DECISIONS
Laws evolving from court decisions
Art 8 of the Civil Code provides that 'judicial decisions applying to or interpreting the laws or the
Constitution shall form a part of the legal system of the Philippines'.
Only decisions of its Supreme Court establish jurisprudence and are binding on all other courts.
CUSTOMARY LAW
To some extent, it also forms part of the Filipino legal system. Art 6, para 2 of the Constitution
provides that 'the State shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of indigenous cultural
communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions and institutions'.
Ex: The primary sources of Muslim law/ Shariah are the Quran, Sunnaqh, ljma and Qiyas.
STATUTORY LAWS THAT GUIDE THE PHARMACY
PROFESSION AND PRACTICE
RA 10918 "The Philippine Pharmacy Act of 2016"
RA 8981 "PRC Modernization Act of 2000"
RA 10912 "Continuing Professional Development Act of 2016"
RA 3720"The Food, Drugs, Devices and Cosmetics Act"
RA 9711 "Food and Drug Administration Act of 2009"
RA 8172 "ASIN Law of 1995"
RA 9211 "Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003"
RA 10643"The Graphic Health Warnings Law of 2013"
RA 9165 "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002"
RA 10640'1An Act to Further Strengthen Anti -Drug
Campaign of the Government, amending for the Purpose
Section 21 of RA 9165"
RA 8203''Special Law on Counterfeit Drugs of 1996"
RA 6675"The Generics Act of 1988"
RA 7394 "Consumers Act of the Philippines"
RA 7581 "The Price Act of 1992"
RA 10909"No Shortchanging Act of 2016"
RA 9994 "Senior Citizens Act of 2010"
RA 787 6"Senior Citizens Center Act of the Philippines of 1995"
RA 1091 l "Anti -Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 2016"
RA 8423 "Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act of 1997"
RA 9502 "Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008"
WHAT IS THE RELATION OF LAW TO ETHICS?
LAW VS ETHICS
What we consider good in any society at certain time it may be bad at another time with the
same society or nation.
In any society it is not necessary that all people are ideal therefore some laws are required for
the enforcement of certain rules of human conduct.
Positive ethics is not reliant on volunteer conduct of good people in a society but stands in need
of forcible law for the public consciences.
Ethical jurisprudence inspects the conduct of human beings and recommends amendments if
any required in the present law. So we can easily relate the jurisprudence with positive ethics.
LAW VERSUS ETHICS
LAW
A set of rules and regulations created and enforced by the administrative authority of a
society/country with the intention of regulating human behaviour for the common good
Purpose is to create an orderly society devoid of evil and injustice
Those who break the law will get punished
ETHICS
The moral principles that govern a person's behaviour or the conducting of an activity
Purpose is to create morally right people in society
Those who go against rules will be socially isolated
PRINCIPLES OF ETHICS
AUTONOMY
BENEFICENCE
NONMALEFICENCE
JUSTICE
Principles of Health care (Biomedical) Ethics
UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL ETHICS
Autonomy - a form of personal liberty, where the individual is free to choose and implements
one's own decision, free from deceits, duress, constraint or coercion.
Veracity - binds both the practitioner and the patient in an association of truth.
Beneficence - acts of mercy and charity or any action that benefits another or apply measures
for the benefit of the sick.
Nonmaleficence - means never to use treatment to injure or wrong the sick.
Confidentiality - is an important aspect of trust that patients place in health care professionals.
Justice - is the concepts of fairness, just desert and entitlements.
Role Fidelity - means that the practitioner practice faithfully within the constraints of the role
REQUIRED READINGS:
The Philippine Pharmacy Law of 2016 (RA 10918)
