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Matrices

A matrix is a grid of numbers organized in rows and columns, with its size denoted as rows × columns. There are various types of matrices, including row, column, square, zero, diagonal, and identity matrices, each with specific characteristics. Matrix operations include addition, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, transposition, and calculating determinants and inverses, with applications in solving equations, computer graphics, cryptography, and data science.

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10 views2 pages

Matrices

A matrix is a grid of numbers organized in rows and columns, with its size denoted as rows × columns. There are various types of matrices, including row, column, square, zero, diagonal, and identity matrices, each with specific characteristics. Matrix operations include addition, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, transposition, and calculating determinants and inverses, with applications in solving equations, computer graphics, cryptography, and data science.

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innocentwakhungu
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© © All Rights Reserved
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What’s a Matrix?

A matrix (plural = matrices) is just a grid or table of numbers, arranged in rows and
columns.

Example of a 2x3 matrix (2 rows, 3 columns):

css
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[ 1 2 3 ]
[ 4 5 6 ]

📏 Matrix Size

You write the size of a matrix as:

rows × columns

So the one above is 2×3.

🔥 Types of Matrices:

1. Row matrix – Only 1 row


2. Column matrix – Only 1 column
3. Square matrix – Same number of rows and columns (like 2×2, 3×3)
4. Zero matrix – All elements are zero
5. Diagonal matrix – Non-zero only on the diagonal
6. Identity matrix (I) – Diagonal = 1s, rest = 0s

csharp
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[1 0]
[0 1]

🧠 Matrix Operations:

1. Addition/Subtraction ➕➖
o Same size only!
o Add/subtract element by element
2. Scalar Multiplication 🔢×🧮
o Multiply every element by a single number (a scalar)
3. Matrix Multiplication 🧠💥
o Multiply row × column
o Only works if columns in A = rows in B
o Resulting matrix: rows of A × columns of B
4. Transpose (Aᵀ)
o Flip rows into columns and vice versa

ini
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A = [1 2] Aᵀ = [1 3]
[3 4] [2 4]

5. Determinant & Inverse (for square matrices only)


o Used in solving systems, more advanced stuff

🤖 Applications:

 Solving equations (systems of linear equations)


 Computer graphics & 3D transformations
 Cryptography
 Data science and ML
 Animations & simulations

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