Revolutionizing Motorcycle Security:

Developing Key Security System using Fingerprint Ignition Technology

By

KYSSER VILLARUZ

BACHELOR OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY MAJOR IN AUTOMOTIVE

ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

December 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title of the Page.....................................................................................................

Abstract .................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM & IT’S BACKGROUND...........................................1

Introduction..............................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ 1

Literature Review.....................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ 4

Conceptual Framework...........................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ 10

Statement of Problem..............................................................................................11

Significance of the Study.........................................................................................11

Scope and Delimitation............................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ 12

Definition of Terms...................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ 13

CHAPTER 2 METHODS & PROCEDURE..............................................................

................................................................................................................................ 16

Research Design.....................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ 17
Locale of the Study..................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ 17

Respondents of the Study.......................................................................................

................................................................................................................................ 17

References.............................................................................................................. 18
 ii

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to design and create a fingerprint-based

motorcycle ignition system that will prevent unauthorized users and reduce

motorcycles theft. As armed criminals concentrate on stealing motorcycles,

particularly new ones, motorcycle theft has increased recently. According to this

study, only those allowed by the system that has already enrolled the motorcycle and

captured its fingerprint pattern features can ignite the motorcycle ignition system.
 1

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

Introduction

The automatic identification of a living individual using physiological or

behavioral traits for authentication purposes is known as biometrics. (Omidiora,

2006).

Motorcycles from earlier generations use mechanical keys, which are actual

keys that need to be placed into a keyhole and twisted clockwise to turn the ignition

on. Alternatively, you can use a kick starting or an electric starter button. The

motorcycle’s mechanical key locks the handlebar in addition to starting and stopping

the engine. Fingerprint method is the oldest and most popular biometric identification

for over a century, fingerprint identification has been used. The focus of this project is

to develop fingerprint verification. (Graevenitz, 2003)

The first biometric identifying technique is fingerprint recognition, which dates

to 2200 BC. Fingerprints have long been used as a personal code; the Babylonians,

Chinese, Japanese, and Assyrians were among the first to employ them (Graevenitz,

2003). Every human has a distinct, unchangeable fingerprint. The surface of the

finger contains several ridges and furrows/valleys that combine to form a fingerprint.

The pattern of ridges and furrows, along with the minute details, can be used to

identify a fingerprint's uniqueness. Rarely are fingerprint images of perfect quality.

Variations in skin and impression conditions are just two of the many factors that
 2

might cause them to deteriorate and become corrupted with noise elements. As a

result of this deterioration, many false information may be produced while real details

are disregarded.

Therefore, to provide a more accurate estimate of minutiae locations, image

improving techniques must be used before minutiae extraction. (Thai, 2003). When

compared to other biometric systems, fingerprint recognition systems are relatively

inexpensive, and their user acceptance is very high. The ability to be used in a

variety of settings is one of fingerprint identification's advantages. Additionally, it is a

tried-and-true core technology, and the capability of enrolling many fingers can

significantly improve system flexibility and accuracy (Graevenitz, 2003).

Over time, biometric technologies have shown to be efficient protection in a

variety of fields. Fingerprints are the most traditional and widely used biometric

authentication method. Implementing it as a type of protection in current systems,

such motor vehicles, is an important step in investigating its advantages. The

increasing number of vehicle theft instances reported worldwide over the years has

raised serious concerns about the automotive safety system.

Only people whose fingerprints are already saved in memory are allowed

admission by fingerprint identification technology. Additionally, preserved fingerprints

are retained in the event of a complete power outage or battery failure. This

eliminates the need to remember a password or PIN for a mix or to keep track of

keys. Only an authorized individual can unlock it. As a result, the fingerprint-based

lock provides a fantastic substitute for common annoyances.

Researchers are becoming more interested in the possible application of

fingerprints for security systems. Research findings indicated that fingerprints could
 3

offer a good degree of security protection when used to manage access to a

restricted area. Additionally, an intrusion detection system (IDS) used fingerprints to

determine a user’s eligibility for access to computer system. It has also been

reported that fingerprints, when used in an organization’s management system,

could recognize people with high accuracy.

In this paper, I propose a fingerprint ignition system. Introduce fingerprint

ignition module for a secure purpose. First, the user can register using the fingerprint

module. The user no longer needs to carry keys because they can start the

motorcycle by simply scanning their finger. Only authorized users can start

motorcycle vehicles. The system has a large user registration capacity. The system

verifies whether the user is authorized while in scanning mode. If the user is

unauthorized the system sends notification to the owner of a vehicle.

 4

Literature Review

Basic Fingerprints

Every human has "friction ridge skin," which are tiny, elevated ridges of skin

on the inside surfaces of the hands and fingers as well as the bottom surfaces of the

feet and toes. These ridges, like every other part of the human body, are the result of

a confluence of environmental and genetic influences. The way skin forms in a

developing fetus is determined by random circumstances, but the genetic code in

DNA provides general instructions on how skin should form.

As a result, everyone, including identical twins, has a unique fingerprint. Even

though two prints may appear similar at first inspection, a skilled investigator with the

right software can identify distinct differences. This is the fundamental concept of

fingerprint analysis in security and crime investigation.

This refers to the pattern's constant and unalterable nature on each finger.

Friction ridge patterns do not naturally vary over the course of a person's life, as

evidenced by years of experience and fingerprint research. In more than a century of

fingerprinting, no two fingerprints have ever been discovered to be identical, even

though this is challenging to demonstrate scientifically. Additionally, research has

demonstrated that fingerprints can distinguish identical twins even though they have

the same DNA profile markers. (Omidiora E. O., Fakolujo O. A., Arulogun O. T. and

Aborisade D. O.)

Fingerprint Recognition Using a Minutiae-Based Method

 5

Local discontinuities in the fingerprint pattern, known as minutiae, form the

basis for most computerized fingerprint comparison methods. A total of 150 distinct

types of minutiae have been found.

The three primary steps of minutiae-based fingerprint identification systems

are image acquisition/pre-processing, minutiae location, and minutiae list

comparison between the two fingerprints, which is frequently resolved as a

constrained graph matching issue. There are numerous obstacles in this process.

Handling confusing circumstances and carefully adjusting settings are necessary for

each processing stage. As a result, the entire fingerprint comparison procedure could

take a long period (Anton, 2002; Koichi et al, 2005).

Most fingerprint recognition techniques use feature-based matching, which

extracts minutiae from both the input and registered fingerprint images, primarily

ridge bifurcation and ridge ending. The number of corresponding minutiae pairs

between the two images is then used to identify a valid fingerprint image. (Omidiora

E. O., Fakolujo O. A., Arulogun O. T. and Aborisade D. O.)

Smart Motorcycle Based on Fingerprints

The current restrictions on documenting theft or accidents data and the

challenge of contacting emergency services in remote locations demand a creative

answer. This undertaking intends to overcome these obstacles by creating a self-

starting motorbike system that recognizes fingerprints. With this system, the owner

no longer must always bear the weight of a physical key, in addition to being able to

monitor where the motorcycle is.

Furthermore, an upgraded safety a function that notifies the owner's five

designated friends in the event of an accident, giving them the exact where the
 6

incident occurred. Additionally, the system includes a theft alarm system to quickly

inform the owner in the event that an An unauthorized person tries to take the motor

vehicle. (Gajanan Ramdas Patil, Abhinav Sopanrao Solunke, Prof. S. P. Kharde)

Fingerprint Sensor for Motorcycle Security and Startup

Given the rising rate of motorcycle thefts, making sure motorcycles are secure

has become a top priority. Another difficulty that motor vehicle owners encounter is

managing keys. We offer a solution to these problems in the form of a car starter

system that uses fingerprint authentication.

The Arduino is used in the construction of this creative igniting mechanism.

UNO system. By putting a biometric system in place, determine a safe and practical

way to begin the engine of the car, enabling only authorized individuals to turn it on.

Users must first sign up for the system to obtain access. uploading their fingerprints.

(Gajanan Ramdas Patil, Abhinav Sopanrao Solunke, Prof. S. P. Kharde)

Motorcycle's Fingerprint Ignition System

The focus of this idea is the fingerprint-based ignition system in bikes,

encompassing all two-wheelers. Typically, accessible the motorcycles' locks don't

give them enough security. proprietors. The bikes' conventional locks work well. They

are easily smashed by thieves, who are aware of them. So Additional security

alternatives must be made accessible for the motorcycle that is distinct and needs to

be distinct from the conventional key locks. A biometric system can be beneficial.

and a strong security solution.

 7

The use of fingerprint identification to start or ignite a motorcycle instead

of traditional key lock methods is the main topic of this study. Enhancing the bikes'

security by installing various locks and an alarm system to notify the owner in the

event of danger is related work. (Gajanan Ramdas Patil, Abhinav Sopanrao Solunke,

Prof. S. P. Kharde).

Module for Fingerprints

A fingerprint module is a biometric device that can take and examine

fingerprints for identification and authentication. It is sometimes referred to as a

fingerprint sensor or fingerprint scanner. It is frequently utilized in access control

systems, security systems, and other applications that call for safe and trustworthy

user identification. (Gajanan Ramdas Patil, Abhinav Sopanrao Solunke, Prof. S. P.

Kharde).

Module for Relays

An electronic component called a relay module enables you to use a low-power

signal to control circuits with high voltage or power. It serves as a conduit between

an external circuit or device that needs more power and a microcontroller or digital

circuit. Relays are frequently utilized in many different applications, including

robotics, automotive systems, industrial control systems, and home automation.

(Gajanan Ramdas Patil, Abhinav Sopanrao Solunke, Prof. S. P. Kharde).

 8

Interface for Microcontrollers

Only authorized individuals' fingerprints are entered into the microcontroller for

additional verification. The microprocessor regulates the fingerprint sensor, which

enables the relay to connect to the ignition system and provides power when an

authorized individual is scanned. After that, the engine can be started. The relay

does not activate if an unauthorized person is scanned. As a result, the engine's

ignition system is not receiving any electricity and cannot be turned on. (Z.Brijet

B.Santhosh Kumar N.Bharathi)

The Engine Starting System is Connected to the Fingerprint Module

The electric engine system includes a starter motor that is linked to the ignition

switch and receives power from a battery. The circuit shuts off when the key is

entered, supplying power to the starting motor, which starts the engine. Here, the

engine ignition system is controlled by the fingerprint security system. The

microcontroller receives power from a regulated power supply board. The vehicle's

battery is linked to this system. Thus, it uses the battery to supply the fingerprint

sensor with current. High voltage and current are controlled by a digital switch rather

than a traditional board. Depending on wiring, the relay will either switch to permit

current to flow or cut off when input logic voltage is reached. (Z.Brijet B.Santhosh

Kumar N.Bharathi)

Arduino UNO

One of the platforms utilized for this project is Arduino. This software capability

allows seasoned programmers to use Arduino code to integrate with the existing

programming language libraries, which may be expanded and modified. Arduino is

 9

used for both programming and the actual programmable circuit board. It keeps

operating on the PC that is used to create and transfer PC code to the physical

world. Arduino can control a motor, turning on an LED, spreading something online,

interacting with light on a sensor, and a finger on a button. (Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil

Alsayaydeh, Win Adiyansyah Indra, Adam Wong Yoon Khang, Vadym Shkarupylo4

and Dhanigaletchmi A. P. P. Jkatisan)

Fingerprint Sensor

Systems that recognize fingerprints analyze a finger pressed against a flat

surface. After scanning the finger's ridges and valleys, several unique locations

known as minutiae are found where the ridges and valleys meet or finish. These

details serve as reference points for the fingerprint recognition system. (Prof. Mulla.

T.Y ,Mr. Vishal Kumar ,Mr. Ajeet Kumar , Mr.Raja Kumar, Mr. Indrajeet Waghmode).

GSM Module (Global System for Mobile Communication)

For devices to communicate with the GSM network, the GSM module is

essential. It oversees creating and preserving the communication channel between

the network and the device. Additionally, the module manages data encryption and

decryption, ensuring the communication's security. (Prof. Mulla. T.Y ,Mr. Vishal

Kumar ,Mr. Ajeet Kumar , Mr.Raja Kumar, Mr. Indrajeet Waghmode).

 10

Conceptual Framework

The input, process, and output of the system are all parts of the process flow

needed to finish this project successfully. When the authorized user's fingerprint is

found, the ignition is turned on by scanning it. This project includes the ability to add

or remove a fingerprint option. A master fingerprint will be assigned as an ID before

any other fingerprints are added or removed. Only users can be removed from the

list or added as authorized users once the master fingerprint ID has been approved.

The Arduino, which will decipher the message obtained from the fingerprint scanner,

comes next.

The findings will show the user's status on the LCD. The motorcycle's ignition

system will activate if the fingerprints match. The buzzer will activate, and the

authorized user will receive an alert message if an unauthorized fingerprint is found.

The user will be aware that someone else is operating the vehicle after getting the

SMS using GSM technology.

Input Process Output

Buzzer
Power Source Arduino Uno
Wires
Sensor Arduino IDE
Red LED
Module Touch Screen
Ignition System
Relay Display
GSM
 11

Statement of the Problem

In the Philippines, motorbike theft and security issues are on increasing

frequency, which is precisely motivated the proponents to conduct this study. The

Philippines is among the nations with the largest motorbike user bases, and as a

result, thieves have no trouble targeting motorcycles.

In addition to being immediately identifiable, big bikes are not very popular in

the Philippines. Given that most motorcycles are generic and easily sold, this

indicates that automated motorcycles are targeted due to their high market value.

Most motorcycles are easy to steal from and difficult to track due to a lack of security

features, alarms, and notifications.

Because of these issues, the supporters wanted to create a system that would

lower the possibility of theft while simultaneously alerting or warning users when

something illegal is done with the motorcycle. These issues are:

The existing motorbike ignition technology lacks security precautions,

particularly in its ignition systems that allow users to be identified.

Most motorbikes lack appropriate alarm devices, such as buzzers, to warn

or call attention to potential thieves.

Significance of the Study

This study is important for riders since it can assist them learn how to reduce

robberies and gain access by using their fingerprints.

This innovation can help law enforcement, including security guards, reduce

cases of motor napping, especially for individuals involved.

 12

To Instructors and Staff Members, Students at this institution prepared this

research, and they owe it to the professors and staff of this institution, where they

received the training, expertise, and knowledge necessary to complete this project.

This research article can serve as a guide for future study and research on this

fingerprint starting engine processes and techniques for ASCOT students,

particularly those studying automotive.

This work might be helpful to researchers in the future as a reference.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study project exclusively addresses the fingerprint start engine that is

available to the riders. Only motorcycles may use this.

This Research will only focus on Fingerprint ignition system that can be helped

among students of ASCOT, especially to the Automotive Students of Aurora State

College of Technology.

This research will be benefits to the students who ride motorcycles.

 13

Definition of Terms

Fingerprint Biometrics

A technique known as fingerprint biometrics uses each person's own pattern

of ridges and valleys on their fingertips to identify them. To guarantee precise and

trustworthy identification, it is frequently utilized in security systems and

authentication procedures.

Fingerprint biometrics are essential for maintaining security and building trust

in daily life. It is frequently utilized in many different fields, including financial

transactions, protected area access, and smartphone unlocking. Given how difficult it

is to fake or duplicate someone's fingerprints, fingerprint biometrics offer an

extremely dependable and practical method of authentication.

Ignition System

are employed in heat engines to ignite the fuel-air mixture and start

combustion. Just prior to each combustion stroke, the ignition mechanism of internal

combustion engines with spark ignition, such gasoline engines, produces a spark to

ignite the fuel-air mixture. Typically, ignition systems are only used at startups for gas

turbines and rocket engines.

Motorcycle Engine

is the motor that drives a motorcycle. Although internal combustion engines

with two or four strokes are commonly seen in motorcycles, other engine types,

including Wankels and electric motors, have also been utilized.

 14

Sensor

is a device that generates an output signal to identify a physical phenomenon. A

sensor is, in its broadest sense, any machine, subsystem, module, or device that

senses events or changes in its surroundings and communicates that information to

other electronics, most often a computer processor.

Arduino

is an open-source hardware and software initiative, firm, and user community

based in Italy that creates and produces single-board microcontrollers and

microcontroller kits for use in the construction of electronic devices. Numerous

microprocessors and controllers are used in Arduino board designs. Various

extension boards (also known as "shields"), breadboards (for prototyping), and other

circuits can be interfaced with the boards' sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O)

pins. In addition to being utilized for program loading, the boards have serial

communications interfaces, such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) on certain variants.

Wires

is a circular, flexible metal bar. Typically, wires are created by pulling metal

through a hole in a drawing plate or die. There are several standard sizes for wire

gauges, which are represented by a cross-sectional area or gauge number. Often in

the form of wire rope, wires are utilized to support mechanical loads. An electrical

cable, which may have a "solid core" of a single wire or distinct strands in stranded

or braided forms, can be referred to as a "wire" in the context of electricity and

telecommunications signals.
 15

Microcontroller

A microcontroller has memory, programmable input/output peripherals, and one

or more CPUs (processor cores). In addition to a tiny amount of RAM, the chip

frequently contains ferroelectric RAM, OTP ROM, or NOR flash as program memory.

Unlike the microprocessors found in personal computers or other general-purpose

applications, which are made up of numerous discrete chips, microcontrollers are

made for embedded applications.

Anti-theft System

Keep personal belongings like wallets, phones, and jewelry safe, as well as

valuables like cars. They are also utilized as security tags and labels to safeguard

goods in retail environments. RFID tags, GPS locators, locks and keys are examples

of anti-theft devices.
 16

CHAPTER 2

METHODS & PROCEDURE

The study was preceded by designing a simple and streamlined device

model, and the layout of the components. The preparation stage of the tool and

materials consist of the provision of tools, measuring instruments, soldering

apparatus, electronic components and software. Additionally, the device's

manufacturing process is separated into two phases: software and hardware design.

The device's testing phase, which comes last, determines whether the entire system

is properly integrated.

The following are the primary components of this project:

Fingerprint Sensor

Wires

Relay

Buzzer

Arduino UNO

Arduino IDE

Touchscreen Display

GSM Module

12v Power Supply (Battery)

Red LED
 17

The project will be operated as follows:

In Arduino, register your fingerprint.

Start the bike with your fingerprint.

The bike will start if the fingerprint matches the registered fingerprint.

If the fingerprint does not match with the registered fingerprint, then the red

LED will glow.

The buzzer will begin to make noise, and the red LED will illuminate if the

attempt to operate is unsuccessful.

A buzzer will notify the bike's owner.

Research Design

Since it is the most appropriate approach and focuses on designing and

producing innovative products and materials, the development method of

research will be used in this study. To lessen motorbike theft, the researcher

wants to create an ignition mechanism that uses a motorcycle's fingerprint.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted in Aurora State College of Technology in the

Municipality of Baler Aurora, the school is located at the Barangay Zabali

Baler Aurora.

Respondents of the Study

This study will be conducted among students of Aurora State College of

Technology who are taking Automotive Engineering Technology.

 18

References

Heru Supriyono, Anugrah Adi Wijayanto, Rozita Jailani M.O. Tokhi (2020) Design,

Implementation, and Evaluation of a Fingerprint-Based Ignition Key for Motorcycles

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342942089_Design_Implementation_and_

Evaluation_of_a_Fingerprint-Based_Ignition_Key_for_Motorcycles

Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh, Dhanigaletchmi A. P. P. Jkatisan (2019)

Development Of Vehicle Ignition Using Fingerprint

https://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2019/jeas_1219_8024.pdf

Rushikesh Vallakati, Rushikesh Deokar , Prof. R. G. Janunkar, (2021) Fingerprint

Ignition System & Keyless Entry Via Fingerprint

https://www.ijirmps.org/papers/2021/4/1113.pdf

Elijah Omidiora, Fakolujo O. A., Oladiran Tayo Arulogun (2011) A Prototype of a

Fingerprint Based Ignition Systems in Vehicles

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/

230634231_A_Prototype_of_a_Fingerprint_Based_Ignition_Systems_in_Vehicles
 19

Jamil Abedalrahim Jamil Alsayaydeh, Win Adiyansyah Indra, Adam Wong Yoon

Khang (2019)

https://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2019/jeas_1219_8024.pdf

Aries G. Albiola, Joe Marie B. Payos, Saul Isaiah M. Adap, Raizal A. Nagrampa

(2020) Fingerprint MCU-Based Motorcycle Ignition System with Security Features

https://www.coursehero.com/file/87804623/Fingerprint-MCU-Based-Motorcycle-Ignition-

System-with-Security-Features-updated2-2-1pdf/

https://www.coursehero.com/file/226807965/CHAPTER-I-3-sampledocx/

Dharmendra R Bisen , Sana Shaikh , Umesh Choudhary , Anushree Nimgade , Neha

Harinkhede , Himanshu Wasnik , Prof. Snehal Paliwal. (2021) Fingerprint Based
Vehicle Ignition System
https://ijireeice.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IJIREEICE.2021.9628-1.pdf

Maynard Gel F. Carse, Jerome V. Custodio, John Vic S. Verzosa (2019) Secured
Fingerprint-enabled Keyless Motorcycle Authentication System using Arduino
https://www.ijcaonline.org/archives/volume178/number22/carse-2019-ijca-
918950.pdf

M Srujan Pani, K Manideep, R Rakesh, T. Swapna, Dr. S.N. Chandrashekhar (2013)

Biometric Vehicle Ignition System
https://www.ijraset.com/research-paper/biometric-vehicle-lgnition-system

Heru Supriyono, Anugrah Adi Wijayanto, Rozita Jailani, Mohammad Osman Tokhi
(2020) Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of a Fingerprint-Based Ignition Key
for Motorcycles
https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/AutomotiveExperiences/article/view/3586
 20

Abdullah Mishal , Adwaith P , Aslaha VK , Ayisha Nasiri , Professor Haseena M ,

Professor Rajasekar C (2023) Advanced Motorbike Ignition System Using Biometric
Scanner or RFID Reader
https://www.ijirset.com/upload/2023/siasem-23/24_ADVANCED%20MOTORBIKE
%20IGNITION%20SYSTEM%20USING%20BIOMETRIC%20SCANNER%20OR
%20RFID%20READER.pdf

Asst. Prof. Venkatesh Munagala, Jagadeesh Gade, Vinay Reddy Mekka, Anudeep
Kurganti, Sravan Kumar Kunchala (2019) Vehicle Ignition Locking System Using
Fingerprint with Gsm Module
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Mr. Y. Maheswar Reddy , B. Muni Bhavana , A. Dimple , K. K. Surya Prathap Reddy,

N. Tharun , B. Deepak (2022) Security for Vehicle Ignition System by Finger Print
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Prof. Mulla. T.Y, Mr. Vishal Kumar, Mr. Ajeet Kumar, Mr. Raja Kumar, Mr. Indrajeet
Waghmode (2024) FINGERPRINT BIKE STARTER
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