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MQTT Short Note

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight messaging protocol designed for low-bandwidth and unreliable networks, widely used in IoT applications for real-time communication. It operates on a client-server model with brokers, publishers, and subscribers, and supports three levels of Quality of Service (QoS) for message delivery reliability. MQTT is effective for various applications, including home automation and healthcare, due to its efficiency and low overhead.

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6 views2 pages

MQTT Short Note

MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight messaging protocol designed for low-bandwidth and unreliable networks, widely used in IoT applications for real-time communication. It operates on a client-server model with brokers, publishers, and subscribers, and supports three levels of Quality of Service (QoS) for message delivery reliability. MQTT is effective for various applications, including home automation and healthcare, due to its efficiency and low overhead.

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A Brief Note on MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry

Transport)
Aagam Jain
February 19, 2025

1 Introduction
MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight and open-source messag-
ing protocol designed for low-bandwidth, high-latency, or unreliable networks. Originally
developed by IBM in the late 1990s for oil pipeline monitoring, MQTT is now widely used
in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, where its efficiency in message transmission makes
it a preferred choice for real-time communication in constrained environments [1].

2 MQTT Protocol
MQTT follows a client-server model where the server is referred to as a broker, and the
clients are devices that publish or subscribe to messages. MQTT operates on top of the
TCP/IP protocol and supports Quality of Service (QoS) levels, allowing users to determine
the reliability of message delivery. The key components of MQTT are:

• Broker: The server that handles message distribution to all clients.

• Publisher: The device that sends messages to the broker.

• Subscriber: The device that receives messages from the broker based on its subscrip-
tion to specific topics.

• Topic: A simple string used to categorize messages and determine the delivery mech-
anism.

MQTT offers three levels of QoS:

1. QoS 0: The message is delivered at most once.

2. QoS 1: The message is delivered at least once.

3. QoS 2: The message is delivered exactly once.

This flexibility allows MQTT to provide a balance between reliability and network re-
source utilization, making it ideal for IoT systems where devices are often battery-powered
and operate in limited bandwidth environments [2].

1
3 Applications of MQTT
MQTT is widely used in applications such as home automation, smart cities, industrial IoT,
and healthcare systems. Its ability to handle small messages efficiently over unstable or
low-bandwidth connections makes it suitable for a broad range of IoT applications [3].

4 Conclusion
In conclusion, MQTT provides an effective and efficient solution for communication in IoT
environments, with its lightweight design, low overhead, and support for multiple QoS levels.
It has become a dominant protocol for real-time, reliable message delivery in resource-
constrained networks [4].

References
[1] Banks, A., & Gupta, R. (2014). MQTT: A Protocol for Real-Time Communication in
the Internet of Things. IBM Redbooks.

[2] Hunkeler, U., Truong, H. L., & Stanford, D. (2008). MQTT-S: A Publish/Subscribe Pro-
tocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. Proceedings of the European Workshop on Wireless
Sensor Networks, 1-8.

[3] Mouneimne, H., & Lutfiyya, H. (2016). MQTT in IoT: A Survey of the Applications
and Techniques. 2016 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[4] Mansouri, M., & Foroughi, M. (2020). A Review of MQTT Protocol in IoT Systems:
Features, Applications, and Future Directions. International Journal of Computer Sci-
ence and Network Security, 20(3), 28-35.

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