okay it's good enough crowd probably we can start now welcome everyone to the climate energy

college and energy transition hub for the seminar today before we begin I'd like to acknowledge the
traditional custodians of the land on which we meet and work and pay my respect to the elders past
present in energy I'm Shantanu a researcher here at the hub at the University of Melbourne so this
seminar is brought to you by the energy transition hub and graciously sponsored by the Victorian
Clean Technology Fund here you can see the banners here and it's a part of the climate in an
Australian and Germany climate and energy College so renewable energy is the topic of our
discussion today and as we know that renewable energy is actually an integral part of the future
energy grid however the integration has a huge problem especially the renewable energy coming
from the solar and and wind they have the intermittent nature and that actually create a loss of
voltage and frequency frequency fluctuations so that net needs to be tackled from the policy to the
power electronics part so to tell you more about that we have here with us dr. Manoj data a lecturer
from the RMIT University so dr. data has over 10 years of experience in the industry working in
different parts of the micro grid and smart smart grid and he had he led several in government and
industry collaboration projects on smart microbead so he has published over 70 peer-reviewed
journal and conference papers and Israel is a regular reviewer of the major journals in powering and
energy domains so he was one of the keynote speakers in the I Triple E compelled 2012 and he has
chaired sessions in the I Triple E is gt-r Cipollini PCs and I had to Polly ECCE Asia conference so it's my
pleasure to introduce you to criminal data please give him a good hand thank you thank you
Shantanu a bit nervous it's an honor to present in front of such a great audience I'm no expert I kind
of did a little bit of research in the smart grid and renewable energy integration domain and I would
like to share my experiences with you today especially the part of the research which relates to the
Australian greed and Australian probably energy politics also some of the blackout incidents which
occurred in Australia and we're going to see how the grid code can help us I'll say is it renewable
energy to blame for those sort of incidents so before going forward I would like to go a little
backward decide ok so if you believe in climate change and global warming like me you should speak
out so that's why I put this code and there are a couple of references here one from the Australian
one from The Herald Sun and couple of other websites all of them run serious propaganda against
renewable energy if you go to these websites even those newspapers and read the articles your skin
will crawl the way they try to really go against the renewable energy so just to give you a little
reading materials when you have time to go with this so before we go to that renewable energy
integration part every integration challenge of renewable energy kinda related to two element real
power and reactive power in traditional sense real power relates to the frequency 50 hours in our
Australian system and reactive power relates to the voltage control I kind of of a analogy here with
the beer glass like what part is the real power and what part is the reactive power and also with my
favorite player from the hoochie so he can throw the fruity little far but if you kick it can go very far
away like in an arc that arc is our reactive power which helps our real power or electron to send very
long distance and that direction we call high-voltage transmission lines so this is the old way I
modified it for the Australian power system on the Reds you can see the generation station usually
live in kilovolt we have lot of coal power generation usually we burn coal produce the steam round
the steam turbine connect the synchronous generator to step up this voltage to all the way to 500
kilovolt to something like 130 kilo volt and then slowly step down bring it to 66 KB 22 kV 6.6 KB or 11
kV and all the way to 415 world line to line and from those plaques you get 230 volt line to neutral
problem is everything is one-way direction all the current in the old system over the school all this
power system engineers we have mostly learn to control the power system in a one-way direction
and if you see how the power and Berta's relationship work I give you a simple example so that's 11
kV let's say 45 point 5 ampere if we a step-up we can go to 500 volt 1 ampere little step-down 220
kV 2.2 7 ampere again a stripped down 66 kV 7.58 ampere coming to 22 kV and 22.7 ampere and
then when we come most lowest voltage level 11 kV 45.4 Imperial all the way 415 volt and 1205
ampere one of the most important equipment in this equation is a transformer which has the unload
tap changing capacity and this is the transformer which is really controlled 11 kV volt and all this
solar coming from the rooftop utilities are complaining about the problems the major player will be
this step-down transformer with the OLTC capacity how does a smart grid look like and what's the
vision of a smart grid if we put lot of data sensing IOT and also renewable energy power electronic
converters we are envisioning something like power and information bi-directional flow so it goes
both way now I put a simple definition here around 2008 US power system engineers and the policy
makers was thinking to revolutionize the power system and they were planning to put a proposal in
front of the senators but those guys don't know technical jargon that time they coined the term
smart grid even before that in Europe lot of a smart grid activities were going on but nobody really
used that word smart grid even before that 2008 and the NIH Teen USA and I Triple E together
somehow come with the framework I put a simple definition of a smart grid which basically saying
like generate and distributing electricity effectively economically securely and sustainably and in
doing so we'll be using innovative tools sensing will give greater choices to the customers will also
ensure their energy security which many times we fail in Australia to do especially in Sarang
sometimes even in winter this is the first framework came from the NASD and you can see okay
that's the operation market transmission generation distribution customers a service provider so in
Australia we all complain why our electricity bills are going up is it to blame the government is it to
blame the renewable energy or is it to blame the policymakers who should we blame well the
interesting thing the way the transmission system is charged and also the distribution assets almost
80% of the electricity cost you pay goes to transmission system operators and the distribution assets
interestingly for example if your distributors are transferring 700 megawatt in the morning through
transmission highways and in the evening let's say just for 10 minutes in the peak load time they
transferred 800 megawatt you're gonna pay for that 800 megawatt there is no real-time pricing in
the transmission system highway there is also no real-time pricing in the distribution systems you
pay a fixed price but all those distributors are buying power real time every 5 minutes auction cycle
in the power market and every 30 minutes fixing the price but you are getting a fixed price so this is
the power generation domain where we are envisioning rooftop PV as well as large-scale CHP hydro
we already have in Australia who also planning pumped hydro we don't have any need to year some
geothermal and biomass going on and a lot of ocean current activities an ocean power capture going
on in Western Australia so in the distribution domain if we look for the smart grid we can go with the
control measurement protection and obviously recurring transmission domain is the most vital part
for Australia it's a large country all the way from the curls to the South Australia when I teach my
students I say Australia is a combination of three country in the sense of power because you have
one country from Cairns all the way to South Australia that's your power market coalesced and
Australia is separate country based on their power and Northern Territory is also separate so in a
power sense we have like three countries but the power market is only running from Queensland to
South Australia and these transmission systems are muscles because it's a very large country we
really need have long-distance transmission lines investments are huge on those long-distance
transmission lines almost five or six years ago you could have get tired in person return on your
investment still you could get nine to ten percent return on your investment or not the highest profit
giving investment you can do and that's one reason your transmission system cost is never really
going down and couple of the assets are owned by some other countries too next come to the
distribution this is where the customers get really important we can food distribution storages we
can put innovative technologies we can really really make the whole system visible now in Victoria
although Victoria lead in the energy innovation a long time ago around 1995 Victoria created a DDI
electricity market but the whole Victoria is divided in five mono/poly zone and five companies are
controlling every distribution there is really virtually no competition between them although we say
it's a deregulated market but it's not really that much deregulation going on now here where we
have our power if we choose right the customer domain we have the sorry we have the home
domain we're really lot of regulation going on with the rooftop solar and battery we also have
industrial domain not much butts all the industries are going on renewable and the battery and
building and commercial domain which is Manoj already created a micro grid a big size my tribute
and Mirage is going to play on that so I don't know about I am IT I don't know about the Melbourne
but Monash already created their University micro grid and they will participate in the market very
soon so we have a greater options and in the middle as you see sorry we have an electric vehicle
sitting in the middle in future I believe electric vehicle will be the major transportation mode and the
amazing capacity of electric vehicle it could be your a spinning reserve you could start your vehicle in
the morning Carmen Park in Melbourne University and on the roof probably there are some solar
charging your vehicle you can go back home in the winning and discharge your vehicle power to your
home to reduce the peak load and these vehicles together with large fleet could be your spinning
reserves moving around in our land I have seen in 2013 through our dial and they installed 600
electric vehicle charging stations that was in 2013 so energy market operation and service providers
demand that's where a lot of things went wrong so this is the market our market runs every five
minutes auction general they have to give their future five-minute output 30 minutes are cute as
well as next day output but this is a challenge for renewable because as they are variable in nature
unless you have good prediction technology and stories your wind and your PV cannot say what
they're going to produce in the next five minutes our next story makes our next one day interestingly
CSIRO created a neural network based estimation program for the wind turbines of whole Australia
which helps the wind turbine generators to participate in the market based on the 5 minutes 30
minutes and one day estimation technology however they took almost 5 million dollars so far who
can create a better estimation technology for rooftop PV because they are so distributed the
customer loads vary so much it's almost impossible to estimate the combined output of thousands
millions of rooftop solar which gonna come after 5 minutes or 30 minutes or one day so that's a big
challenge this is to show the operation of the market in Australia mo Israeli look after the operation
of the markets and you also have the service provider this is kind of a thing in reality in Australia the
service providers you see come to your door or you contact are you retailers but actually behind
those retailers there are distributors who really maintains your distribution asset those outside poles
transformers distribution lines you have seen all are paid from our tracks money and it's a regulation
that you can't go really upgrade from that line even if you want you you have to remain connected
for example if I shut down all our loads in my residential household how much electricity bill I gonna
pay anyone can answer that we stopped all the loads in our house how much electricity really gonna
pay that's a word right because part day you're gonna pay $1 for the Harvick's judge even if you
don't use a small bit of electricity because you are paying for that distribution assets sitting outside
so we're going to see a video which is made by Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and energy in
Germany to better explain you how the whole Smart Grid works it going to take around seven and a
half minutes by the way I'm Mac illiterate so I really can't handle MacBook it's coming just fully
screen please climate change the growing demand for energy and the increasing scarcity of fossil
fuels present us with great challenges as a result we have to pursue innovative policy approaches
government business and society must quickly adopt new ways of thinking for the future we face the
urgent task of finding and optimizing solutions that will deliver a secure affordable and environment-
friendly supply of energy this is the world of e energy smart grids made in Germany here you see a
typical scenario of how electricity is supplied today there is a large-scale power plant in the
background on the left and a hydroelectric power plant in the background on the right these plants
supply power to the city and the foreground as well as the village and the industrial facility in the
background there are also a few individual wind turbines in the see in this scene electricity
consumption is high that's why the pumped storage plant on the right side of the picture is
contributing to the power supply it's now nighttime and electricity consumption is low the
hydropower plants turbines are at rest and power from the large-scale power station is being used
to pump water into the pumped storage reservoir now it is daytime again as you can see the wind
turbine in the foreground is standing still it can't feed any electricity into the grid because the
transmission lines are basically full either other power generators would have to feed less power
into the system or other nearby electricity buyers would have to buy the wind power but these
buyers are not aware of this surplus electricity now so-called E Energy gateways have been installed
in various locations these gateways are devices that allow electricity producers and consumers to
communicate with each other the transmission and communication lines marked in red form the
foundation for an energy internet the cold store in the city now receives the information that surplus
electricity is available and starts to cool this is depicted by the ice crystal on its roof but much more
important now the wind turbine is rotating now more gateways have been installed the installations
in the village now communicate with those in the city almost all of the houses now have smart
meters for example the house in the foreground now reports its consumption levels to a central data
collection center which in turn sends clear information back to the owners of the house regarding
their electricity consumption but why hasn't anything changed in the energy landscape the
electricity suppliers are now offering electricity at new rates the price of electricity rises when too
much power is being consumed at lunch time for examples and the price goes down when a lot of
solar or wind energy is in the system the gateways send corresponding price signals to customers
who can then regulate their consumption accordingly by turning their appliances on or off and
because this enables power generation to be coordinated much more closely with consumption
levels are now more wind turbines and solar power installations as a result one power plant unit can
be switched off intermittently now everyone can select the price rate that best fits his or her level of
consumption and if a provider does not offer the desired rate consumers can now shop around for
alternatives on the new e energy market proactive consumers take advantage of these price rates
and adapt their consumption for power supply levels this makes it possible to switch off the pumped
storage and intermittently as well but not much has changed yet in the energy landscape why is this
the case new price rates by themselves don't really do that much to change the system therefore in
order to encourage customers to get actively involved we have had adnan price incentives to our
energy internet attractively designed websites provide customers with tips on how to save electricity
they can adjust their heating systems remotely and can use their mobile phones to check whether or
not their stoves have been turned off because more and more customers are taking advantage of
the opportunities offered by the energy internet it has been possible to build more renewable
energy installations and the homeowner has now even purchased an electric car which he can
charge at lunch time using solar power the public awareness campaign to encourage people to use
electric vehicles has created so many incentives that even more people have now bought electric
cars the cars are charged at the charging station in the middle of the picture but apparently the
battery charging system has not been formally coordinated with the availability of renewable power
otherwise why would the third wind turbine in the foreground is standing still now is the time when
a crucial element of the e energy system comes into play a new market participant called the
bundler or aggregator enters the seats this aggregator can fool small decentralized electricity
generators into larger units it can turns specific installations on and off transmit electricity to
consumers at the right point in time and sell surplus electricity to exchanges for a good price this
enables the owners of such installations to become genuine market participants in this way the
aggregators create new incentives for the decentralized production of renewable energy that's why
another solar power unit has been installed in the background and the homeowner has purchased a
small combined heat and power generator but why isn't it operating now it's rainy the solar
installations are not producing any power but look the aggregator has switched on our homeowners
small power generator as an additional energy source and even the electric car knows that electricity
is needed so it's now feeding power from its battery into the grid the home power generator and the
electric car are now earning money for their owners through the energy internet it's now nighttime
in our beautiful new energy landscape the home CHP generator is running because heat is needed
the electricity it generates is being used to charge the electric car the wind turbines are producing
more power than is needed right now this surplus power is being fed into the pumped storage unit
as well as the batteries of the electric cars at the charging station and the cold store is operating at
full power to this e energy landscape shows what the energy supply of the future can look like now
you can push the buttons yourself discovered ok so this is an I think a great video to explain you how
this market could work I just give you one idea how you could start your business or become an
aggregator how about we rent all the roofs of CBD buildings put rooftop solar and selling in Cheaper
rate to that building toshiba did their in either lamps also they're planning to do it in Germany it's
just giving one idea but you can have many other ideas serviced becoming an aggregator how about
we offer better energy security to saltier East Melbourne and to Iraq they have a better financial
capacity they will like the energy security and give them an independent micro grid concept so if
anything happened to the central grid South era to Iraq East Melbourne remain on their own and
can survive in a concept of micro grid having their own rooftop solar backup generators and
batteries so there are so many ways the jobs aggregation and all other things can be done and that's
the amazing nature of the smart grid so this is Australian energy network you can see the electricity
network and gas network and you can see the total energy production in 2017 and 2016 time yes
unfortunately 77 percent energy came from coal so surely Australia laughs coal black coal brown
coal I also have coal I call it your local and that's my you local and interestingly it produces both solar
energy and wind energy this fine and they are in finite that was the problem with that why we really
go against them is they're really that bad is the technology is that bad so I call solar previous are
really dumb one reason you put 1000 watt per meter square foot for energy and you probably get
230 watt per meter square of electrical energy there's 23 percent efficient solar cell yeah that's quite
good if you go to the market and you want to buy a 23 percent efficient solar cell it gonna cost a lot
easily you get around 17 to 16 percent efficient so that's one problem and then if the way that
changes for example sunny cloudy very cloudy the maximum power coming from this Peavey's are
also changing which means you need some sort of devices or something to track this maximum
power point because they are so dumb they can't produce maximum power on their own which
means you need another extra device to do this tracking also it changes based on the temperature
but somehow the temperature helps so if you have a - temperature and very sunny weather actually
going to produce more energy so that's good was the other problem so this is a real output of a solar
insulation or solar irradiance at a cloudy day and you can see that a whole lot of fluctuations
happening throughout the day if we dump this energy to the green we might face crazy frequency
deviation we don't know energy stores could help but what size of energy store is your gonna put
there a small B medium how are you going to decide that what about night there is no solar energy
at night and how this sort of solar farm gonna participate in the energy market unless they can say
what they produce every five minutes next 30 minutes next or one day ahead there is no way they
can really participate in the market and okay fine that was each little scale what's the problem with
the rooftop so if you see this graph here considering from that 2011 to 2018 the number of
installation kind of remains flat through 2013 to 2018 however the size really increased it went to
that ever is 8 kilowatt sides which means someone is one you need but they're buying a bigger size
long time ago around 2011 and 2012 a lot of installation were various smaller size what sort of
problem it's creating I'm not gonna run this video because I'm running short so this is the old way
you have the external grid you're 22 KB transformer which can do tap changing sitting there
distribution lines coming in customer one customer to you and as the cable length increases voltage
drop the reason is simple these cables are most mainly resistive so if you have an active power flow
through the resistive lines you're gonna get voltage drops so the last house at these trees are
probably getting around 207 or 210 world and the most nearest house to the transformer probably
getting around 240 245 so if the boat race is really going below the acceptable range in Australia the
regulation is clustered percent minus five percent you can go down minus five percent from the
standard you can go up 10 percent from the standard so you can simply increase the tab there go for
one hundred five percent tab and kind of pool the boat is up because that transformer increasing
the tap can pull the boat is up so this was very fine before the old way everything was running a
smooth no problem at all then we creates the trouble we feed to rooftop solar somehow the oil TC is
still helping us but we got a new sort of trouble now if we are having very high feeding coming from
the rooftop solar the voltage goes up not down that's the trouble because those inverters we use in
the rooftop solar a kind of town in a normal sense current flows from higher potential to lower
potential so which means if you want to inject power from your house to the breed probably the line
is about sometimes 50 meter sometimes 100 meter sometimes maybe shorter than that so at that
point of inverter you have to raise your world as a little bit and like the line side or the pole side the
voltage will be little lower so from how is the power going to go to the green now when you were
consuming power from the grid the grid side voltage is going to go up and your house side work is
going to go a little down so you have constant voltage going up and down happening around the
whole customer feeder how you can handle that you can easily do if you have a smart inverter which
can control the reactive power can act like a capacitor can act like a resistor can act like an inductor
in a smart inverter I can do anything the problem is if you buy a Chinese inverter it probably will cost
you two kilowatt 1.5 grand if you buy a smart inverter which is made in Germany or even USA then
gonna cost you eight to nine brand who can't pay for that so this is one incident which happened in
Germany around 2006 2008 time and that time Germany changed their grid curve they called it fifty
point two Hertz incident so from 2003 to 2008 time Germany really put a lot of solar incentives and
so many rooftop solar came in and that created a substantial energy generation part from the
Germans energy mix the regulation our grid core was that time if they are overproducing the power
as the more power is coming to the system frequency is going up that time they will be disconnected
what happened around July 2006 as so many solar powers are injecting to the grid suddenly the grid
frequency went to the fifty point two hearts and a huge chunk of solar generation got disconnected
from the grid because there was the regulation and that created a big imbalance between the supply
and demand creating an under frequency as well as a transient which expect throughout their
European grid and after that they call it fifty point two Hertz incidentally really changed the German
grid code another case with very funny happen in California green energy a story sensitive so
California put this mandated in 2013 saying if you were selling green energy to the grid you're gonna
get good incentives now if you see here the structure PV panels MPPT battery DC DC converter
connecting to the inverter in this structure that battery can only be charged with the PV power there
is no way that battery can be charged by the grid now if you connect the battery this way with a DC
AC bi-directional converter that battery could be charged by the PV power as well as the grid power
so the debate was without checking the technology they created the regulation and they couldn't
know the customer is selling the battery power charged by the dirty utility grid or charged by the PV
so they said ok we can accept this if to condition is made condition 1 the storage device only aster
energy produced by the renewable energy system or dexterous device only serves the customer
loads which created a lot of trust and they change the regulation and the policy so that's another
problem now this is what I would wind energy our former treasurer really really hated wind energy
he used to say wind energy are the works of gable and this is what gave them the good chance to
shout 2014 July 20 around 2 p.m. - for two hours there was almost no wind power output in the
whole Australia the reason is it was a very very cold day and the wind was blowing very very low like
3 meter per second or 2 meter per second even though winter wise is producing some power those
power goes to cover the losses of wind generation and all other things and the combined power
came was zero everybody jumped on the bandwagon of saying wind powers are not sweet never
rely on them if we put our country in the fight of these guys we are doomed and even a harrelson
reporter who is very famous you really go against wind turbine and wrote a perfectly fine scientific
looking report although have so many holes you can read them there now we put a big battery
stories in South Australia and wind turbine can never come with a situation like this anymore but
that was in 2015 now again South Australia 2016 blackout again wind power fails so in a tornado
came one transmission lines tripped suddenly six or seven voltage dips came in and all those old
technology of wind turbines shut down as they shut down they created a huge energy imbalance
between the supply and demand creating very much bigger under frequency which tripped other
generators too and the whole South Australia went to black heart interestingly our biggest Authority
amo never did even simulated a scenario where repetitive beat Falls can occur to the system all their
simulation the Don before is only for one fault but when a big fault occurs it actually reflects
throughout the grid and it can repeat one after another like aftershocks it never did a simulation like
that they even never knew there's many of these wind turbine settings were not correct those
settings were not ready to handle fault right through interestingly even before this around 2015 I
had a students working with me about the rapidity brute force and how to write them even before
these incidents again recent Queensland South Australia system separation on 25 august 2018 for
sheerly PV and wind are blamed for not helping so if you see on this right-hand side you have to
ensure connector between who is and New South Wales one is called queuing I and then you have
another to interconnector between South Australia and Victoria one is really really famous Hey Dude
and then you have Tasmania and Victoria bustling so what happened on that poni there was a
lightning strike and as the lightning strike came somehow the key on I tripped so that time
Queensland was supplying power to New South Wales as suddenly that line tripped quiz light has
over supply frequency went up New South Wales got under supply frequency went down and they
got a lot of load shedding similar things impacted the best thing in Tasmania because there is a
frequency controller on bass linked as Victoria is also having power shortest vastly suddenly try to
supply a lot of power to Victoria so some of the load in Tasmania which were under agreement on
went and are sharing so this was response very quickly meanwhile also South Australia was
supplying power to Victoria as South Africa Australia since that fault they somehow treat the huge
interconnector and south of Srila got a lot of oversupply and frequency went up so Victoria and New
South Wales frequency went down under supply Queensland and South Australia frequency went up
over supply and somehow they come up with this analysis and all other things telling that okay
synchronous generation was not responding well to the frequency scenario how they gonna
response a coal turbine based generator cannot increase power so quickly it takes long a little bit of
time on the gas turbine based generators can increase the power quickly to support the frequency
incident it still it takes 20 to 22 seconds then they say okay we in power generation and we're not
really helping this couple up the wind turbine generation shut down in South Australia because none
of these wind turbine generators are designed to meet grid course because we don't have a dam
great cooks then we talked to the utility-scale PV generation somehow that helped in Queensland to
curtail the extra power as well as also help in South Australia to curtail some extra power and
reducing that over frequency and this largest scale matter is true is who is just installed by Tesla
couple of years ago really really helped the frequency incident a lot that's right they believe
something goodness okay so find this way at some of the challenges what sort of grid codes we are
looking around I usually cover all the countries around the Europe and other parts but today I will be
focusing on Leo and Germany and Australia so this is kind of an snapshot of grid course available
around the world so this is the Jama scenario we got like tardy Giga or a PvE tardy Giga at a tween 60
Giga at a renewable total generation 172 Giro at maximum load 80 gig yard kind of old information
they are changing every day so what sort of grid codes they have fast power cattle meant to control
the local overload condition somehow the wind PV power generation should be ready to curtail their
power to match the load as well as frequency support that fifty two point five and fifty point two
hearts incident to really really remember that so the PV power should be able to reduce the active
power voltage support sub going in the capacitive mode or inductive mode or resistive mode to
support the reactive power in the grid so there is no voltage problem as well as fault right through
which is very very important for us when we get a Fault in the grid this is the fault right through
scenario so if a forward occurs if there is a short circuit fault every current going to be sucked to the
ground and volt is going to go to the zero from the nominal voltage so for 150 millisecond you have
chance to support that fault trying to hold that are rather than is going down try to hold it as much
as possible to somehow the system remain connected you got only 150 millisecond you're gonna
inject as much reactive power as you can to the grid at that time and if somehow fault recover
within that you will come but it's still 150 millisecond you have to remain connected to the video
can't be disconnected we don't have that in Australia yet as well as playing on the capacity and
reactive part of the grid if too much voltage is rising in the agreed you can act like an inductor
consume some reactive power and make the vote is down if voltage is going to much low in the grid
you can act like a capacitor inject little bit of reactive power from you inverter and raise the voltage
so you can go with this range and the frequency control as they have faced at 50 point 2 Hertz
frequency based on the oversupply of baby power all this things should be taken into account so this
is the wind turbine frt requirements all over the Europe I just put it together and everything's follows
same sort of 150 milli second guideline to react to the fault now the Australian scenario we have 12
gigawatt of PV 6 gather the wind 18 gigawatt of renewable 54 gigawatt of total capacity and 35
gigawatt of maximum load 95% of PV is actually connected to the low voltage grid and this was our
standard 2005 long time ago we updated in 2015 only the inverter requirements for the PV and any
other small generators if connect there and this is the only lv r TN h BR t we have for the winter buy
one for the western power and other for the l OU almost similar to the european grid but a little
different time line 0.45 second we have time to response and for the over voltage we have around
0.06 0.98 second and this is what in the 2015's for triple seven the reactive power control from the
inverter to response to the volt race also the Volt is transient how you can respond to that which is
the kind of a volt is Freaker in the distribution grid so I'm going quickly for some mitigation strategy
expiry search I did so if we optimize the reactive power resources communicate with the
transformer capacitor banks and PV inverter and distribute the reactive power properly we can
achieve something like that over all the grid where the voltage is all doing pretty good also we can go
to the virtual power plant they just started in Australia now I did this research in 2011 this is coming
from my 2011 presentation slide so you can run the PV with an energy stores kind of like a
synchronous generator amudha ting the response of synchronous generator that's what we call
virtual power plant and you can combine hundreds or to hundreds of virtual power plant together to
response to frequency you can model them in the whole systems you can see that they are working
very fine that's where tests like got the lead they are doing it in South Australia but I kind of did it in
2011 the paper is published in 2012 but I'm happy to see that it's coming around if a wind turbine
you can do this sort of for right through this is my students research where you can jump through
them rapidity bit fault not a problem at all if you properly design even without the energy stories
you can jump through the repetitive beautiful based on the controller of your inverter you can also
do a beta of frequency support based on the inertial power extracting from the wind turbines shaft
and generator shaft it will slow down the wind turbine where you can extract some energy as well as
you can extract energy from the capacitor between the two back-to-back inverter overall this can
support around 3 to four seconds a frequency response in the system quite good for gas turbo
generator to start and also the energy big energy stress to come into play so I'll be giving some
simple recommendation based on this like our grid codes need to be modified especially they are
quite backdated and they need to catch up so also when we work policymakers academics
government everybody need to sit down together be on the same pace and decide the fate of the
country rather than being politically biased or doing whatever they want to do technology already
picked up a long time ago we need to embrace this technology and we really need to increase the
public awareness real-time transmission system and supply charge are a must if we want to reduce
electricity price we pay them as a fixed now if we are given those transmission line and supply
charge as a real-time based on the energy we use we could reduce our electricity price optimal size
of transmission level stresses as well as cheaper residential stories once the residential stories
become cheaper everything will change palm try drew has a great potential in Australia and we have
couple applications but the only problem with palm fragile they can response to secondary and
tertiary frequency control the slower they can't really respond very quickly we need something to
cover the primary frequency response which is 0 to 5 seconds or 10 seconds well that's all and you
have another presentation coming on July 16 from Professor Andrea sue shell the energy transition
politics of coal in Germany thank you so much Thanks manage the nice presentation another floor is
open for the questions please state your name and affiliation before you ask a question thank you
please raise your hands William would retire what happened to the design and planning
departments when the market started engineering standards in the past I don't know I really don't
know what went there I think what is we have is the electricity rules which is designed by the AER
and then the operation rules designed by the mo but the way the technology and these regulations
are done they never really see each other that's what I see so far foolish true when everything was
down to engineering standards from the engineering rapid successive systems because in the UK I
completely agree with what I was saying they didn't test how the wind turbine responds to the
others yes I have maybe but also there is something I represented this year to one of the conference
that we have a theory of natural synchronization if everything in the power system whatever you see
going knocks if the proper control frequency is using for them eventually they will come to the
synchronization the problem is how to choose them when to choose them and how to activate them
I would like to suggest they exist and they face the most hardest task I have a couple of friends
complaining to me every time because they are sitting on their - routing the energy looking for the
whole production system because most of the things are now under a IEC 61850 they automatically
communicate to each other and many times based on their setting they just failed so they really I
don't know when they decided this regulation they should be taking the foolish system engineers on
board now have a good conduct conversation with them that what is best for them to maintain that
system [Laughter] any questions okay Rebecca Thank You shant yes I have the microphone which
means I get the next question thank you so much that was a fantastic presentation I understand
more about the issue but I have years and one question I have is whether or not the current
processes that are being run to review the market rules at present by the energy security board and
others are going to look at this issue there are couple of committees are running one for the minister
one for the arena one for the mo there's several of them running but the problem is they are not on
the same pace they are doing based on where this C is important most of the target is to reduce the
energy prices rather than helping renewable to come in and whichever way the calculation or
system modeling show that somehow the customer electricity price is going to go down government
will follow that you can think all right Charlie Nags is my name um you talked a little bit there about
the fact that there's no real time pricing in transmission distribution markets at the moment and we
hear a fair bit about you know cost reflective pricing solving a whole bunch of different issues I'm
just wondering if you could expand on that a little bit talk about whether you you see are we
heading in that direction and how do you say that we want to but the huge investment in the
transmission grids because they need a lot of money and our country is very long and we need to
return some profit on this investing and those people who run those have faces a very hard trust and
another problem they have a chance to blame group to have solar because let's say you are
financially affluent and you put a rooftop solar in with getting 11 cents per kilowatt hour but your
neighbor is not financially a friend but he's not getting that power in even 12 cents a 16 cents he's
paying more right so how can we make a fair case for both if you could sell the PV power real-time
to your neighbor using the same distribution system that could be one way to go with the residential
stories as well as if you are using more power let's say your average monthly load is 15 kilowatt hour
you pay on the ratio of 15 Claud hour and someone's Everest monthly load is 90 or whatever he pays
supplied shares based on that also we create transmission system pricing like a block morning Eve
inning a peak load not peak hour rather than whenever the system is heavily loaded only charged
based on that so this is the some of the ways we can really go with to reduce the Alexa T prices but it
not going to be easy because a lot of business involved investment involved in the transmission
system if they are not making profit nobody going to invest in these new transmission systems and
other parts so I don't know how this is possible somehow Western Australia is still government-
funded but in the power market we have a big challenge is this really policymakers financial people
lawmaking people and as well as the technology needs to come together to find the best solution
one last question thank you for the presentation that was very very very important Steve koltes is
my name based on some of the modeling that you have done and in relation to one of the stats I saw
up there regarding the amount of renewable energy that's produced in Australia relative to the
existing demand where do you foresee the total amount of renewable energy actually getting to as a
portion of total supply if in fact the obviously the smart grid our technology is a significant part of
that being a success I'm actually working in a sort of a competing sector to renewable energy and it's
it's interesting to hear the arguments for and against large scale production versus incoming solar
and wind power but obviously I properly functioning properly regulated smart grid appears based on
what you've presented to be yeah very positive in the future I just wanted to know what are your
models saying so if you're successful faster 'fl we cannot run greed 100% renewable we always will
need some sort of backup power weather is cold weather is gas whether its nuclear does not matter
probably you're going to depend on the gas because it can handle the energy quickly you until the
big quick energy storage is coming in renewable will never be the main player but it can go all the
way to 70% to 80% of the total energy mix especially for those colder days where there is no wind
blowing and there is no sunlight at the night we still need to depends on traditional generation we
cannot probably create a huge pumped-storage to supply the whole Australia that's impossible
however on the customer domain where is the rooftop solar we can't stop this integration this will
increase every year and once the battery a small battery energy storage become cheaper then many
of the customer might probably will go out even off-grid so in that domain which is very near to the
retailer and the distribution the intake of rooftop PV will increase every year because they say ss-sir
now the more energy price increases the more people take the rooftop solar system spiral effect
happening around there and the prices are going down also with people's use of IOT everything can
be internet connected your washing machine your dryer your refrigerator everything and I did a
research where we created a home energy management system for Dan so in Japan where
automatically based on the forecasting and optimization everything is designed for you you sell
energy only when you get the best price not every time you sometimes charge your residential
battery and never sell to the grid supply it to your own load in the peak time because you have a
time of use right so those sort of a small a small innovation the startup companies will come and
play in the customer domain where the intake will be very high but in a large scale we're going to
always need either gas coal or a mix of these generators Thank You Manoj thank you for for the all
the questions so we have another seminar coming next week at this time by Professor Andrea slow
shell energy transition and the politics of coal in Germany so I really hope to see you guys there and
ladies there too so thank you much so let's all give Minaj a big hand for his presentation [Applause]