KLE College of Engineering and Technology chikodi

Department of Mechanical engineering

Title- “A Next Gen Smart Parking Solution for Residential Building”

Team members

Ganesh Umarane 2KD21ME400

Gazali Mulla 2KD20ME014
Basavaraj Mayannavar 2KD20ME007

Under guidance of

Prof. Mahesh Latte

A Next Gen Smart Parking Solution for Residential Building
Abstract:
Due to the congestion in parking spaces in India there is a need to determine alternatives for the
parking system. The different techniques used till date to reduce the parking space constraint yet
have some disadvantages. This project deals with the development of smart Parking system using
IOT. The proposed project consists of development of a two stage car parking system which can
park car on two different floors as per the need using a mechanism developed. The prototype is
developed which can be controlled using an IOT app and can be used to park the car in multiple
floors using commands from IOT app. The system is made smarter by implementing an IOT
based voice assistant system which accepts voice commands to park the car using the voice
commands given by the user. This approach will necessarily solve the problems of the congested
parking space. The system is developed using ESP32 controller board and Arduino nano with
lead screw based mechanism for the car parking on multiple floors.

Keywords: Parking, IOT, ESP32, Multilevel, congestion etc.

1. INTRODUCTION:

Urbanization and the exponential increase in the number of vehicles on the road have led to
significant congestion in parking spaces across India. Traditional parking systems are struggling
to cope with this demand, leading to inefficiencies, long waiting times, and increased vehicular
emissions. To address these challenges, innovative alternatives are required to optimize the use
of available parking spaces. This project aims to develop a smart Parking system utilizing
Internet of Things (IoT) technology to streamline and enhance parking efficiency.

The core of the proposed project is the development of a two-stage car parking system capable
of parking vehicles on two different floors. This system leverages a lead screw-based
mechanism, which is a reliable and precise method for vertical movement, to facilitate the
parking of cars on multiple floors. The use of IoT technology enables remote control and
automation of the parking process, significantly reducing human intervention and errors. This
approach not only maximizes the utilization of space but also ensures a smoother and more
efficient parking experience for users.

To further enhance the user experience and the system's functionality, the project incorporates
an IoT-based voice assistant system. This voice assistant allows users to control the parking
mechanism using simple voice commands, making the process more intuitive and user-friendly.
The integration of voice recognition technology in the parking system exemplifies the potential
of IoT in creating smart and responsive urban infrastructure solutions.

The smart Parking system is built using the ESP32 controller board and Arduino Nano, which
are known for their versatility and ease of integration with various sensors and actuators. The
ESP32 provides robust wireless communication capabilities, essential for IoT applications, while
the Arduino Nano offers a compact and cost-effective platform for controlling the mechanical
components. Together, these components form a reliable and scalable foundation for the
development of the parking system prototype.

By addressing the issue of congested parking spaces through innovative technology, this project
aims to pave the way for smarter, more efficient urban mobility solutions. The implementation
of a Parking system controlled via an IoT app and enhanced with voice command capabilities
demonstrates the transformative potential of IoT in urban planning. Ultimately, this project seeks
to reduce the time and effort associated with parking, minimize environmental impact, and
improve the overall user experience in crowded urban settings.
1.1 PROBLEM DEFINITION:
The increasing urbanization and surge in vehicle numbers have resulted in severe congestion in
parking spaces across India, leading to inefficiencies, prolonged waiting times, and heightened
vehicular emissions. Traditional parking systems are inadequate to meet this rising demand,
necessitating innovative solutions. This project addresses the problem by developing a smart
Parking system using IoT technology, incorporating a lead screw-based mechanism for parking
vehicles on multiple floors, and integrating an IoT-based voice assistant for user-friendly
operation. This approach aims to optimize space utilization, streamline parking processes, and
alleviate the challenges posed by conventional parking systems.
1.2 PROJECT MOTIVATION:
The motivation behind this project stems from the pressing need to address the growing issue of
parking congestion in urban areas, which not only causes significant inconvenience to drivers
but also contributes to environmental pollution and traffic inefficiencies. By leveraging IoT
technology to develop a smart Parking system, we aim to provide a sustainable and innovative
solution that maximizes space utilization, reduces parking-related delays, and enhances the
overall user experience. The integration of a voice assistant further underscores our commitment
to making advanced technology accessible and user-friendly, ultimately contributing to smarter,
more efficient urban infrastructure.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW:
In today’s world vehicle parking is becoming a big problem. As the population is increasing,
the number of vehicles is also increasing but the area to park vehicles is not increasing. And
this creates a big problem for vehicles like cars and minivans for parking. People end up
parking cars on roads which further leads to traffic jams. Multi-storied car parking system
will help in parking large numbers of cars in smaller parking lots. Automatic Car Parking
System enables the parking of vehicles, floor after floor and thus reducing the space used.

There are different types of Automatic Multilevel Car Parking’s available in India.

• Independent access parking systems

• Dependent access parking systems

• Multi-storey car park

• Fully Automated car parking

• Independent access parking systems:

This system allows vehicle access without a valet. The Lift-Sliding Parking System allows
drivers to retrieve their own vehicles, after which another car slides over to take its place
while a mechanical car lift brings up another car[6] .

Figure 2-1: Independent access

parking systems

Dependent access parking systems:

This system requires a human attendant (usually a valet). The parking system stacks two,
three, or four vehicles in an area usually occupied by a single car. A trained operator uses
the Lift-Sliding Parking System to raise the vehicle on a mechanical car lift, which creates
an additional space for another vehicle to be stored below. This process is repeated until the
system reaches capacity. To retrieve a vehicle, the operator removes the vehicle below (at
grade position) in order to lower the mechanical car lift and return the stacked vehicle
requested. Fully-automatic systems and semi-automatic comes under this category.

Figure 2-2: Dependent access

parking systems

Multi-storey car park:

A multi-storey car park , also called a parking garage, parking structure, parking ramp, or
parking deck is a structure designed Specifically for automobile parking where there are a
number of floors or levels on which parking takes place. It is essentially a stacked car park.
The Multi-storey car parking system can either be fully automatic or semi-automatic and are
suitable for installation in the basement and in open spaces outside commercial buildings,
residential buildings, shopping malls, restaurants and hotels etc. The unique feature of this
system is that it maximizes the number of cars parked in a given floor space substantially.
 Figure 2-3: Multi-storey car park
Fully Automated car parking:

Automated Car Parking System is a fully computer controlled mechanism [5] which becomes
user friendly as it ensures maximum utilization of space allowing the machines to park the
car in the allocated space. Fully automated parking systems use auto car lifts. They are
designed for high density parking. These parking systems allow for virtually unlimited
stacking capacity and provide fully integrated storage and retrieval functionality. The system
allows the driver to drive up to a Park and Drive Station. After the driver exits the vehicle, a
robotic shuttle transports the vehicle onto the Vehicle Transfer Center, which then transfers
the car to a designated parking stall. Whether the retrieval of vehicles is faster in an automatic
car park or a self park car park depends on the layout and number of exits.

Figure 2-4: Fully Automated car parking

In order to accommodate the large volume of vehicles, small cities and towns must develop
their infrastructure. One solution may be a multi-level car parking system to maximize car
parking capacity by utilizing vertical space, rather than expand horizontally. With land in
metros and „a‟ grade cities becoming scarce and dearer, and plots getting smaller,
conventional parking is proving infeasible[6].

The term multi-level car park is used in the United Kingdom, Hong Kong and many
Commonwealth of Nations countries. In the western United States, the term parking structure
is used especially when it is necessary to distinguish such a structure from the “garage” in a
house. In some places in North America, “parking garage” refers only to an indoor, often
underground, structure – outdoor multi-level parking facilities are referred to by a number
of regional terms:
• Parking garage-is used in the Western United States, Eastern Canada and by civil
engineers;
• Parking deck-is used in the Southeast

• Parking ramp- is used in the upper Midwest, especially Minnesota and Wisconsin, and has
been observed as far east as Buffalo, New York Parked- is used in Canada and South

Africa Parking building- is used in New Zealand.

Architects and civil engineers in the USA are likely to call it a parking structure, since their
work is all about structures, and that term is the vernacular in some of the western United
States. When attached to a high-rise of another use, it is sometimes called a parking podium.
United States building codes use the term open parking structure to refer to a structure
designed for car storage (not repair) that has enough openings in the walls that it does not
need mechanical ventilation or fire sprinklers, as opposed to a “parking garage” that requires
mechanical ventilation or sprinklers but does not require openings in the walls. The openings
provide fresh air flow to disperse either car exhaust or fumes from a fire should one break
out within the structure. In today‟s time and age, vehicles are a predominant mode of
transportation. With the rising number of vehicles and dwindling parking spaces, vehicles
parked along the road and even on sidewalks have become fairly common phenomena. With
these parked vehicles encroaching on road space and pedestrian space, traffic congestion and
accidents are inevitable. A well organized parking system which makes maximum use of
available space offers a solution to this situation.
There are two types of parking systems:

• Traditional parking systems

• Multi Storey parking systems.

In Traditional parking systems, vehicles are parked in perpendicular or parallel fashion. With
no safety against theft or protection against atmospheric conditions, it is not a space efficient
system either.

Figure 2-5: Traditional Parking System

Figure 2-6: Multistoried Parking System

Multistoried parking systems are preferred since they multiply the parking capacity of a
given area. Various floors are present for parking the vehicles with ramps and staircases
provided for moving between floors. These types of systems are expensive to build and
require manpower for coordination. To make systems automated and less expensive,
stacking systems are used. In these systems, lift is available for moving the vehicle from one
floor to another. As shown in fig 2-6, the system has three six floors divided into three
columns with a middle column kept free for maneuvering cars. The actual parking of the car
is controlled manually by the operator. This type of manual intervention may cause some
faults.[10]
India being the second most populated country with a population of 1.2 billion and counting,
the transportation sector is in an alarming position. Parking vehicles are becoming a nuisance
each passing day forcing people to park their vehicles on roads, thus becoming the major
cause of traffic jams. Automatic multi level car parking system plays a vital role in avoiding
this mess and parking of more and more vehicles is made possible in an arranged manner.
This project aims at construction and designing of the microcontroller based multi level car
parking system using IR sensors. This project consists of two IR receiver and transmitter
pairs that control the automatic gates and vehicle detection as it passes through it. LCD
display is used to display no of cars present and it will display the message “parking full” if
no space is available in parking. When a vehicle enters the parking area, the sensors are
activated which open the gate automatically if the lift is free. The second sensor placed in
the lift aligns the lift properly on each floor. The lift takes the vehicle to the assigned floor
and the vehicle is deboarded from the lift section to the assigned parking space in the bay
and the empty lift returns to the entry point for assisting other incoming vehicles. In case the
lift is busy, a buzzer alarm alerts the customer wanting him to wait till the lift returns back
to the ground floor. The seven segment display used gives us the number of vehicles that
have entered the parking area. For car retrieving, the previously generated ID is entered by
the customer that alerts the microcontroller about the vehicle location (where it was parked
earlier) and automatically operates the lift to retrieve the vehicle from there and is brought
to the ground floor where the customer can drive away his car.[7]

The application of RFID technology in parking lots makes parking effective, convenient and
safe. The RFID system is used to park the cars automatically in the Parking area. The use of
RFID tags, readers and antennas makes it easier to automate the 'in and out' privileges of
parking subscribers. Personnel costs will be reduced considerably using this technology. It
will be possible in the future to make unmanned, secure and atomized parking lots
functioning with RFID technology. There are several techniques present for collection of
data and information about any object.

• Barcode technique
It is a data collection technique which contains a twelve digit manufacturing identification
number. It normally uses to speed up the checkout process & keep better track of inventory.
This system is useful at the departmental stores and bar codes are placed on each item present
in that store by UPC. It is a low cost technique, but it is slower than RFID. Compared to
barcodes in RFID, LOS is not required. Bar codes are read only whereas RFID is read/write.
• NFC Technique
It is a subset of RFID, it works like a conventional RFID and provides more security than
both RFID and Barcodes. Its data rate is from 106 kbits/s to 424 kbits/s. But NFC has limited
range of communication to within centimeters or 2-4 inches. It is also not possible to replace
the manual nature of the check out process. Staff at the checkout would still need to swipe
each NFC tag just like they are doing it with Bar codes.
• RFID Technique
RFID is a radio frequency identification system. This is an ADC technology. RFID
technology has inherited the advantages of the previous magnetic card, bar code, contactless
IC card. An RFID system consists of three components: an antenna and transceiver (often
combined into one reader) and a transponder (the tag). The antenna uses radio frequency
waves to transmit a signal that activates the transponder. When activated, the tag transmits
data back to the antenna. RFID can read the tag using RF, meaning that the RFID tag can be
read from a distance, right through your clothes, wallet, backpack or purse. Besides, the
RFID tag consists of a unique ID for each tag. RFID system draws our attention for this
purpose due to several useful features of it such as non-line-of-sight operation, high speed
detection, good transmission range and performance in dense sensor environment.[8]

Figure 2-7: RFID system communication diagram

For the design of this system as discussed earlier an RFID tag and reader is used. According
to this, RFID Tags are installed in the cars. A door mount antenna is used to track the tag. A
reader is attached to this antenna, which reads the information coded in the tag. To get started
with RFID-based automatic vehicle parking system, the vehicle owner has to first register
the vehicle with the parking owner and get the RFID tag. When the car has to be parked, the
RFID tag is placed near the RFID reader which is installed near the entry gate of the parking
lot. As soon as the RFID tag is read by the reader, the system automatically verifies the
information data then the car is allowed to go inside the parking area. At the same time, the
parking counter increments by one. Similarly, at the time of exit a button at the ground floor
will be manually pressed and the parking counter will be decremented at the LCD screen. In
this project necessary precautions have been taken programmatically in case of a parking lot.
If the parking space is not available than further that vehicle which is about to check-in will
not be allowed to let in, thus there won‟t be any time loss to look for parking space.[9]

“Automatic Car Parking System '', we have built a system which will automatically sense
the entry and exit of cars through the gate and then display the number of cars on the LCD.
In this paper we have taken a model of an eight car parking system. A microcontroller has
been used to sense the movement of cars and check whether there is a capacity for cars to
[11]
park . We use two dc motors, one is for the gate and the other is for lifting the lifter
carrying the car. Gate is open when the motor is rotated clockwise and closed when the motor
rotates in anticlockwise. It is also possible to open a gate when any car enters in the parking
lot or close the door when a car exits from it. We use 8 Infra-red sensors, which are mounted
as two on each floor. We built a project with a Parking of two floors. Simultaneously, it will
display the number of cars present in the parking lot on a LCD screen and open the gate if
there is a space for the car to park. When all the spaces are occupied then the LCD displays
NO vacant space and the gate is not open. The sensing of entry and exit of cars is done
through infrared transmitters and receivers. The infrared transmitter is mounted on one side
and the receiver is placed directly against the transmitter [12]. When a car arrives, the infrared
beam is blocked by the car and the receiver is devoid of infrared. a message is sent to the
microcontroller according to the car is parked. The procedure for the exit of cars is much
similar to that of entry. We use RFID card[13] and RFID card reader. Whenever the car enters
the parking area it must show the card to the card reader and detect the card. Then the gate
is open and the car enters into the parking area ,the gate is closed after some delay.

Case 1: A lift mechanism is used to park the car on the first floor which is implemented using
a motor. Motor is rotated clockwise; it stops when it reaches the first floor. A car is parked
on the first floor according to the priority basis.
Figure 2-8: When Space Is Available On First Floor

Case 2: When all the cars parked on the first floor as well as second floor i.e no space is
available, then it displays no space.[14]

Figure 2-9: When No Space Is Available

OBJECTIVES:

The main objectives of the project is to develop a smart A next Gen Smart Parking System for
Residential Building. The objectives of the project are:

1. To design and fabricate a prototype of A next Gen Smart Parking System for
Residential Building which can be used to park the cars across multiple floors
2. To implement IOT communication protocols so that the parking system can be
controlled from the internet using the App developed remotely from anywhere in the world.
3. To implement a speech based control system which uses AI based speech assistant to
control the parking system.
1. METHODOLOGY:

1. System Design and Component Selection: The first step in developing the smart Parking
system is to design the overall architecture and select appropriate components. The primary
components include the ESP32 controller board for its robust wireless communication
capabilities and the Arduino Nano for its compact size and control efficiency. A lead screw-
based mechanism is chosen for vertical movement due to its precision and reliability. Additional
sensors and actuators required for the parking system's functionality, such as ultrasonic sensors
for detecting vehicle presence and motor drivers for controlling the lead screw, are also identified
during this phase.

2. Mechanical Structure Development: The next phase involves constructing the mechanical
structure of the parking system. A prototype of the two-stage parking mechanism is built using
the lead screw and motor assembly to enable the vertical movement of the platform. The
structure is designed to ensure stability and safety, with considerations for the weight and
dimensions of typical vehicles. The mechanical setup is tested extensively to ensure smooth
operation and precise control over the vertical movement.

3. Integration of IoT Technology: The IoT components are integrated into the system to enable
remote control and monitoring. The ESP32 board is programmed to handle wireless
communication, allowing users to interact with the parking system via a custom-developed IoT
app. The app provides an interface for users to send commands to park or retrieve their vehicles.
The Arduino Nano is programmed to control the lead screw mechanism based on the commands
received from the ESP32.

4. Development of Voice Assistant: A voice assistant system is developed to further enhance the
user experience. This involves integrating a voice recognition module with the ESP32, allowing
the system to accept voice commands for parking operations. The voice assistant is trained to
recognize specific commands and convert them into actions that control the parking mechanism.
This functionality is tested to ensure accuracy and responsiveness.

5. Testing and Calibration: Extensive testing is conducted to ensure the reliability and efficiency
of the entire system. The mechanical, electronic, and software components are tested
individually and as a whole. Calibration is performed to ensure precise control over the vertical
movement and accurate detection of vehicle presence. The system's response to both app-based
commands and voice commands is evaluated under various conditions.
6. Implementation and User Training: Once the prototype is fully developed and tested, it is
implemented in a real-world scenario to evaluate its performance in a practical setting. Users are
trained on how to use the IoT app and voice assistant to operate the parking system. Feedback is
collected to identify any areas for improvement and to ensure the system meets user needs
effectively.

7. Continuous Improvement: Based on user feedback and performance data, continuous

improvements are made to enhance the system's functionality and reliability. Software updates
and hardware adjustments are implemented as needed to optimize performance and address any
identified issues.
2. WORKING PRINCIPLE:

Power supply
z
Motor Driver

Microphone
Drive Train

App Arduino Nano+ESP32

Speaker

Internet
LCD Display

Inductive Proximity
Sensors
As shown in the block diagram above the system consists of developing a smart Parking system
controlled using an IOT app. The system consists of the ESP32 and arduino controller board
which is connected to sensors and drive train to complete the working of the Parking system.
The system connects to the internet using ESP32 controller board and then uses the IOT
protocols to communicate with the app developed. The commands received from the app are
translated to arduino to control the parking system. The motor and motor driver are used to
trigger parking platforms on multiple floors. The Inductive proximity sensors are also used to
determine the position of the arrival of the parking platform at respective floors. Depending on
the command the LCD display is used to indicate the working of the system. Also the
microphone used is used to activate the parking system using the voice commands.
3. STANDARD MATERIALS USED
Material survey was done and following standard materials were selected for the purpose of
project development. This chapter deals with the material survey and selection.
The ERW steel pipes are not only economical but also provide the sufficient strength for the
structural component fabricated using the ERW steel Pipes. The other advantages of ERW steel
pipes are, these are locally available . This makes them the perfect choice for chassis fabrication
in our project. Further the chassis can be fabricated using a simple arc welding process which
makes it easier to fabricate it locally. Hence ERW steel pipes in square Cross section were
selected model box fabrication

Chassis material finally selected: ERW Steel Pipes 20 mm square cross section
Microcontroller: A microcontroller is a self-contained system with peripherals, memory and a
processor that can be used as an embedded system for processing signals. Most programmable
microcontrollers that are used today are embedded in other consumer products or machinery
including phones, peripherals, automobiles and household appliances for computer systems. Due
to that, another name for a microcontroller is "embedded controller." Some embedded systems
are more sophisticated, while others have minimal requirements for memory and programming
length and a low software complexity. Input and output devices include solenoids, LCD displays,
relays, switches and sensors for data like humidity, temperature or light level, amongst others.

A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single

integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals. Program memory in the form of Ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM is
also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are
designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal
computers or other general purpose applications.

Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile
engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines,
appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. By reducing the size and cost
compared to a design that uses a separate microprocessor, memory, and input/output devices,
microcontrollers make it economical to digitally control even more devices and processes. Mixed
signal microcontrollers are common, integrating analog components needed to control non-
digital electronic systems.

Some microcontrollers may use four-bit words and operate at clock rate frequencies as low as 4
kHz, for low power consumption (single-digit milliwatts or microwatts). They will generally
have the ability to retain functionality while waiting for an event such as a button press or other
interrupt; power consumption while sleeping (CPU clock and most peripherals off) may be just
nanowatts, making many of them well suited for long lasting battery applications. Other
microcontrollers may serve performance-critical roles, where they may need to act more like a
digital signal processor (DSP), with higher clock speeds and power consumption.

DC motor
DC geared Motors are used for the raising or lowering the Parking system
For this purpose a 30 RPM DC geared motor is used in this project.
The specifications of the motor are:

● 30 RPM 12V DC motors with Gearbox

● 6mm shaft diameter with internal hole

● 125gm weight

● Same size motor available in various rpm

●5 kg cm torque

● No-load current = 60 mA(Max), Load current = 300 mA(Max)

LCD display

The LCD display is used to give the visualization to and give the status of parking and IOT
Connectivity
Buzzer

Piezo buzzer is an electronic device commonly used to produce sound. Light weight, simple
construction and low price make it usable in various applications like car/truck reversing
indicator, computers, call bells etc. Piezo buzzer is based on the inverse principle of
piezoelectricity discovered in 1880 by Jacques and Pierre Curie. It is the phenomenon of
generating electricity when mechanical pressure is applied to certain materials and the vice versa
is also true. Such materials are called piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials are either
naturally available or manmade. Piezoceramic is a class of manmade material, which poses
piezoelectric effect and is widely used to make disc, the heart of piezo buzzer. When subjected
to an alternating electric field they stretch or compress, in accordance with the frequency of the
signal thereby producing sound.
Lead Screw:

The liner travel mechanism to raise and lower the parking slab is developed. This consists of a
lead screw based mechanism. This is used to move the parking slab up and down during the
operation.
H Bridge Motor driver

H Bridge is a simple electronic circuit which enables us to apply voltage to load in either
direction. It is commonly used in robotics applications to control DC Motors. By using
H Bridge we can run DC Motor in clockwise or anticlockwise directions. This circuit is also
used to produce alternating waveforms in inverters.
When switches S1 and S4 are switched on, motor runs in clockwise direction.

When S2 and S3 are switched on, motor runs in anticlockwise direction.

● IL = Max. Motor Current

● Ib = IL/β, Minimum input current required to flow current IL through the load (active region).

● Ib’ = 10xIb, To make sure that the transistor works in the saturation region.

● Rin = (Vin – Vbe)/Ib’

● Take Vbe = 0.7V

This circuit is also used in inverters for producing alternate current across the load. In Square
wave inverters, square wave is applied to inputs A, B and in sine wave inverters Pulse Width
Modulated (PWM) square wave is applied to inputs A, B. Freewheeling diodes D1 – D4 can be
avoided for resistive loads.

Inductive proximity sensors:

For the purpose of position sensing of parking position the inductive sensors are used
This DC 6-36V M17 Inductive 8mm NPN-NO Proximity Sensor Switch is a component widely
used in the automatic control industry for detecting, controlling, and non-contact switching.
When the proximity switch is close to some target object, it will send out the control signal.

When the metal approaches near-proximity switch sensing area, and Eady Current is induced in
metal. Which in turn disturbs the magnetic field produced by the Inductive Proximity Sensor.
This change is sensed by the sensor.

These inductive proximity switches can be non-contact, no pressure, no spark, quickly issued
the electrical command. Accurately reflect the position and stroke movement mechanism.
Positioning accuracy, operating frequency, service life. Easy to install and suitable for harsh
environments.
This 8mm proximity sensor can detect a variety of metals, miniature size, long life, low price,
shielded type installation, anti-interference ability, 1mm detection distance, used for precise
positioning of molds, precision machine tools, and robots.

Features :

1. Red LED checks the state of the proximity sensor.

2. High repeated positioning accuracy.
3. High switching frequency.
4. Wide voltage range.
5. Outer (Theard) Diameter: M17.
6. Anti Vibration, dust, water and oil prevention.
7. Reverse power protection, short circuit protection, directly connecting with PLC.
8. It can replace small switches and limit switches.
4. MECHANICAL DESIGN:

Design of Lead Screw:

We know the total weight of the system to be raised or lowered by the screw:

𝑊 = 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 + 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑦.

𝑊 = 4.2𝐾𝑔

From the available options the following lead screw was selected.

Diameter 𝑑0 = 8𝑚𝑚

Pitch 𝑝 = 2𝑚𝑚

Coefficient of friction of threads 𝜇 = 0.15

Motor torque 𝑇 = 4.2 𝑘𝑔 − 𝑐𝑚 = .411 𝑁𝑚

𝑝
We know the mean diameter 𝑑 = 𝑑0 − 2

2
𝑑 =8−
2
𝑑 = 7 𝑚𝑚
Since the selected screw is 4 start trapezoidal

Lead of the screw 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 4 × 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ

𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 8𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝛼 =
𝜋𝑑
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 = 0.363
Where 𝛼 is the helix angle.

Virtual coefficient of friction:

𝜇𝑣 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛∅1

𝜇𝑣 = 𝜇/𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽
 𝜇𝑣 = 0.115

We know torque required

𝑑
𝑇=𝑃 ×
2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛∅1
𝑊( )𝑑
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼𝑡𝑎𝑛∅1
𝑇=
2
Therefore substituting the above values

We have 𝑇 = 1.921𝑊

Therefore the total load which can be lifted by motor is 21.80 𝐾𝑔

Since 21.80 > 4.2 𝐾𝑔 the design is safe

5. 3D MODELLING:
The 3d modelling of the project was done in solid edge software. The 3d modelling of different
components of the project is as shown below:

Motor Coupling:
Motor Coupling Drawing:
LeadScrew Drawing:
Lead screw:
Motor Drawing:
Motor
Complete assembly with dimension:
Final Assembly of the project:
6. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION:
6. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS:

Advantages

1. Space Optimization:

The smart Parking system effectively utilizes vertical space, allowing for the accommodation
of more vehicles within a limited area. This is especially beneficial in densely populated urban
environments where horizontal space is scarce.

2. Reduced Congestion:

By providing a systematic and automated approach to parking, the system reduces congestion
and the time spent searching for parking spots. This leads to smoother traffic flow and less stress
for drivers.

3. Enhanced User Experience:

The integration of IoT and voice assistant technology offers a seamless and user-friendly
parking experience. Users can easily park and retrieve their vehicles using a mobile app or voice
commands, adding convenience and reducing the complexity of the parking process.

4. Increased Efficiency:

Automation and remote control capabilities minimize human intervention and errors, leading
to more efficient parking operations. This reduces waiting times and enhances the overall
efficiency of the parking system.

5. Environmental Benefits:

By reducing the time vehicles spend idling while searching for parking spaces, the system
helps lower fuel consumption and vehicular emissions, contributing to a cleaner environment.
6. Scalability and Flexibility:

The modular design of the system allows for easy scalability and customization to meet the
specific needs of different locations. Additional levels and features can be added as required,
making the system adaptable to various scenarios.
Applications

1. Urban Parking Facilities:

The smart Parking system is ideal for urban areas with high vehicle density and limited parking
space. It can be implemented in city centers, commercial districts, and residential complexes to
alleviate parking challenges.

2. Shopping Malls and Retail Centers:

Large shopping malls and retail centers can benefit from the system by providing efficient
parking solutions for their customers, enhancing the shopping experience and increasing
customer satisfaction.

3. Office Complexes:

Office buildings with high employee density can use the system to manage parking more
effectively, ensuring that employees have convenient and reliable parking options.

4. Airports and Train Stations:

Airports and train stations, which experience high traffic volumes and require extensive
parking facilities, can implement the system to optimize space usage and improve the flow of
vehicles.

5. Hospitals and Medical Centers:

Hospitals and medical centers, where parking availability can be critical for patients and staff,
can adopt the system to ensure efficient use of space and reduce parking-related stress.

6. Event Venues and Stadiums:

Large event venues and stadiums can use the smart Parking system to manage the influx of
vehicles during events, providing a smooth parking experience for attendees.
7. Residential Apartments and Housing Societies:

Residential complexes can implement the system to provide residents with convenient parking
solutions, reducing the need for on-street parking and enhancing the overall living environment.

By addressing the pressing need for efficient parking solutions in various settings, the smart
Parking system presents a significant advancement in urban infrastructure and mobility
management.
7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE:

Conclusion
The smart Parking system developed using IoT technology offers a significant solution to the
problem of parking congestion in urban areas. By utilizing vertical space and integrating
advanced features such as remote control via an IoT app and voice assistant capabilities, the
system enhances efficiency, user convenience, and environmental sustainability. This innovative
approach not only optimizes space utilization but also minimizes parking-related delays and
emissions, demonstrating a forward-thinking response to urban mobility challenges.

Future Scope
The future scope of the smart parking system includes expanding its scalability to accommodate
a larger number of vehicles and additional levels, making it suitable for diverse urban
environments. Further integration of advanced AI algorithms can enhance predictive
maintenance and dynamic space allocation, improving operational efficiency and user
experience. Additionally, exploring renewable energy sources to power the system can
contribute to its sustainability, aligning with broader goals of sustainable urban development and
green technology adoption.
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