EXERCISES
YOU HAVE TO DO THESE EXERCISES
AND WE WILL DISCUSS ABOUT THEM
IN THE NEXT CLASS SESSION.
1. After formulation of the concept, the third operation of the mind is the stage where
reasoning really refers to that operation by which the mind is able to generate new
knowledge. Therefore, this reasoning helps you to make important decisions, discern the
truth, solve problems, come up with new ideas and set achievable goals. The mind can
perform this operation through either inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning.
Required:
a) What is the difference between “inductive reasoning” and “deductive reasoning”?
b) What do you understand by the word “concept”?
2. In class discussion, we discussed about ten different categories of concepts, among them,
there is a category called Substance and the other nine categories called accidents.
Required: what is the difference between Substance and accidents?
3. Cats are mammals.
Tabby is a cat. Therefore, Tabby is a mammal.
Required: Identify the major premise and the minor premise in the above syllogism.
4. All humans are mortal.
…................................ therefore,
Sarah is mortal.
Required: identify the missing premise and identify the major premise and the minor
premise in the above syllogism.
5. A fallacy is an argument which has a semblance of validity but it is not valid. It runs
counter to the statements of the syllogistic axioms (assumptions).
Required: give and explain two types of logical fallacies from those fallacies discussed in
class.
6. What is the difference between universal propositions and particular propositions?
7. In Logic, human intellect performs in different operation including simple apprehension,
judgment and reasoning. Regards to simple apprehension where the human intellect has
always design of knowledge from the material world “sensible” the process of getting image
of something (grasp) nature, essence and whatness. This process contains both formal logic
and material logic, and the mind performs this operation through either inductive reasoning or
deductive reasoning.
Required:
1. What is the difference between formal logic and material logic?
8. In class discussion, we discussed about ten different categories of concepts, among them,
there is a category called Substance and the other nine categories called accidents.
Required: what is the difference between Substance and accidents?
9. All mammals are warm-blooded.
All black dogs are mammals. Therefore, All black dogs are warm-blooded.
Required: Identify the major term and the minor term in the above syllogism.
10. All fruit are good.
…........................... Therefore,
Apples are good.
Required: identify the missing premise of the above syllogism and identify the major
premise and minor premise.
11. A fallacy is an argument which has a semblance of validity but it is not valid. It runs
counter to the statements of the syllogistic axioms (assumptions).
Required: give and explain two types of logical fallacies from those fallacies discussed in
class.
12. A syllogism is a deductive argument in which a conclusion is inferred from two or more
premises/terms. Syllogism represents the linking of propositions about essential properties in
such a way that the conclusion necessarily follows.
Required: complete the following sentence
a) The predicate term of the conclusion of a syllogism is called the …………………
b) In a syllogism, the subject term of the conclusion is called the……………………
