SMART DUSTBIN USING ARDUINO

submitted in partially fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
By
Sudeep Singh Gaur (2300970310178)
Sudhakar kaushik (2300970310179)
Shivesh kumar Pandey(2300970310171)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Shilpi Patil
Associate Professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

(B. Tech ECE – Accredited by NBA)

Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida

(Affiliated to Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow)

December, 2024
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Smart Dustbin using Arduino” submitted by
us, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and
Communication Engineering to Galgotias College of Engineering and Technology, Greater
Noida affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow is a record of
bona fide work carried out by us under the supervision of Mr.Mukesh Chauhan.

We further declare that the work reported in this report has not been submitted and
will not be submitted, either in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma
in this institute or any other institute or university.

Place : Greater Noida

Date : Signature of the Candidates
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Smart Dustbin using Arduino” submitted by
Sudeep Singh Gaur, Sudhakar Kaushik and Shivesh Kumar Pandey Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering and
Technology, Greater Noida affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University
(AKTU), Lucknow, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics
and Communication Engineering, is a record of bona fide work carried out by him/her
under my supervision, as per AKTU code of academic and research ethics.

The contents of this report have not been submitted and will not be submitted either
in part or in full, for the award of any other degree or diploma in this institute or any other
institute or university. The thesis fulfils the requirements and regulations of the University
and in my opinion meets the necessary standards for submission.

Place: Greater Noida

Date: Signature of the Guide

Internal Examiner 1 Internal Examiner 2

Approved by

Head of the Department

ii
 ABSTRACT

The Smart Dustbin Using Arduino project aims to promote hygiene and ease
of use in waste management systems by implementing an automated lid-opening
mechanism. This innovation is particularly relevant in environments where
minimizing physical contact is crucial, such as homes, offices, hospitals, and
public spaces.

The system uses an Arduino UNO microcontroller as the central processing

unit, an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for hand detection, and a servo motor
(SG90) to open and close the dustbin lid automatically. When the ultrasonic
sensor detects an object (e.g., a hand) within a specified range (e.g., 15 cm), the
Arduino activates the servo motor to open the lid. The lid remains open for a
predefined duration (e.g., 5 seconds) before closing automatically. A 9V battery
powers the entire system, making it portable and easy to deploy.

This smart dustbin design offers numerous benefits, including improved hygiene
by eliminating the need for physical contact, ease of use, and enhanced
convenience. Its compact and cost-effective design makes it suitable for both
personal and public applications. Additionally, the project emphasizes the
practical application of microcontroller programming, sensor integration, and
servo motor control in a real-world problem-solving context.

While the current implementation is functional, future enhancements could

include adding a sensor to detect when the dustbin is full, a notification system
for maintenance, and solar-powered operation for energy efficiency. This project
demonstrates how automation can contribute to improving everyday life by
addressing basic yet significant needs in waste management.

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we would like to express our gratitude to our beloved Chairman Shri.
Suneel Galgotia and CEO Shri. Dhruv Galgotia for proving necessary facilities to
carry out and finish the project successfully. We are grateful to our Director Dr. Mohd.
Asim Qadri for his support and encouragement.

Our special thanks goes to Dr. Swaminathan. M, Head of the Department,

Electronics and Communication Engineering, for providing an environment that
encouraged us in working towards our goal and supported in completion of our project.
This project gave us an opportunity to apply creative and critical thinking skills.

We would like to present our deep sense of gratitude to our project guide,
Mr.Mukesh Chauhan, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering who has always been a source of motivation and firm
support for carrying out the project. The supervision and support that she gave truly
helped in the progression of the project. Her cooperation is much indeed appreciated.
We are highly obliged to her for her valuable advices and moral support during research
period.

Finally, our greatest and special gratitude goes to our family for their love and support.

Place: Greater Noida Sudeep Singh Gaur

Date: Sudhakar Kaushik
Shivesh Kumar Pande

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter CONTENTS Page

No. No.
Tittle Page I

Declaration ii

Certificate iii

Abstract iv

Acknowledgement v

Table of Contents vi

List of Figures vii

1 Introduction 12

1.1 Overview of the project 12

1.2 Problem statement 13
1.3 Objective of project 13
1.4 Significance of smart dustbin 13
1.5 Applications of smart dustbin 14

2 Detail description of the work 15

2.1 Design and Operation 15
2.2 Need for Operation 15
3 Components Required 19
3.1 Ultrasonic Sensor HCR04 19
3.2 Male/Female Jumper Wires 19
3.3 Servo motor 9g 19
3.4 Arduino UNO 19
3.5 Jumper wires (generic): 20
3.6 USB Cable 20

x
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page No.

1.1 A -D Converter 16
2.1 Circuit Diagram of ultrasonic sensor 17
2.2 Smart dustbin model 18

3.1 Male Female Jumper Wire 19

3.2 Servo motor 19
3.3 Arduino UNO 20
3.4 Jumper wire 20

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1. Overview of the Project

Waste management plays a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in both private
and public spaces. Traditional dustbins often require manual handling, which can lead to the
spread of germs and bacteria, especially in sensitive environments like hospitals and offices.
The Smart Dustbin Using Arduino project addresses this issue by introducing an automated
solution that eliminates physical contact. By integrating microcontroller technology with
sensors and motors, this project provides a hands-free waste disposal system that enhances
convenience and hygiene.

2. Problem Statement

Manual operation of dustbins often involves direct contact, posing a potential health risk,
especially during disease outbreaks or in environments with high contamination levels. Public
dustbins, in particular, are frequently exposed to multiple users, increasing the likelihood of
germ transmission. The lack of automation in traditional dustbins creates inefficiencies in
maintaining cleanliness and discourages proper waste disposal. This project aims to solve these
problems by implementing a smart, touchless solution.

3. Objective of the Project

The primary objective of this project is to design and implement a smart dustbin that
automatically opens its lid when a user approaches. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to
detect proximity and a servo motor to operate the lid. This hands-free mechanism promotes
hygiene by minimizing contact and simplifies waste disposal. The project also aims to develop
a portable, cost-effective, and easy-to-use system that can be widely adopted in various
settings.

4. Significance of the Smart Dustbin

The smart dustbin offers several key benefits:

• Enhanced Hygiene: By eliminating the need for physical contact, the dustbin reduces
the risk of germ transmission.
• Convenience: Automatic lid operation ensures ease of use for users of all ages.
• Portability: Powered by a 9V battery, the dustbin can be placed anywhere without
dependency on external power sources.
• Awareness: Encourages proper waste disposal habits by offering an innovative and
interactive solution.

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This project highlights the practical application of technology in solving everyday problems,
emphasizing the importance of automation in waste management.

5. Applications of the Smart Dustbin

The smart dustbin can be used in a variety of settings, including:

• Residential Areas: Reduces contamination and promotes cleanliness at home.

• Offices and Workspaces: Ensures hygiene in communal spaces, reducing the spread of
illnesses.
• Hospitals: Critical in maintaining sterile environments where contamination risks are
high.
• Public Spaces: Useful in parks, malls, and airports where multiple users interact with
waste disposal systems.

These applications demonstrate the versatility of the smart dustbin and its potential to address
hygiene-related challenges in diverse environments

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 CHAPTER 2
DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE WORK

1. Design

The design of the smart dustbin involves integrating electronic components into a standard
dustbin to create a functional, automated system. Below is a detailed description of the design
process:

1.1 Hardware Components

1. Arduino UNO: Serves as the central microcontroller, processing inputs from the
ultrasonic sensor and controlling the servo motor.
2. Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04): Mounted near the top of the dustbin to detect the
presence of a hand or object within a predefined range.
3. Servo Motor (9g SG90): Attached to the lid of the dustbin to enable smooth opening
and closing operations.
4. 9V Battery: Powers the Arduino and other components, making the dustbin portable.
5. Jumper Wires and Breadboard: Used to establish connections between the
components.
6. Dustbin: A standard dustbin serves as the base structure for implementing the smart
features.

1.2 Circuit Design

The circuit is designed as follows:

• The ultrasonic sensor is connected to the Arduino’s digital pins (e.g., trig to pin 6,
echo to pin 7).
• The servo motor is connected to pin 9 of the Arduino for PWM control.
• The 9V battery powers the Arduino through the barrel jack or VIN pin.
• The dustbin lid is mechanically linked to the servo motor to facilitate its movement.

A circuit diagram illustrates the connections (include a diagram or schematic here if needed).

2. Operation

The operation of the smart dustbin is based on sensing proximity and responding with
automated lid movements. The steps are as follows:

2.1 Initial Setup

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 • Power is supplied to the system via a 9V battery.
• The Arduino initializes the ultrasonic sensor and servo motor during the setup phase.

2.2 Sensing Proximity

• The ultrasonic sensor emits an ultrasonic pulse through its trigger pin.
• The pulse travels outward and reflects back when it encounters an object (e.g., a hand).
• The sensor’s echo pin measures the time taken for the pulse to return, which is used to
calculate the distance: Distance=Time (microseconds)×0.0342\text{Distance} =
\frac{\text{Time (microseconds)} \times
0.034}{2}Distance=2Time (microseconds)×0.034

2.3 Lid Operation

• When the distance is below a predefined threshold (e.g., 15 cm), the Arduino sends a
signal to the servo motor.
• The servo motor rotates to open the lid (typically 90°).
• After a delay (e.g., 5 seconds), the servo motor rotates back to its initial position,
closing the lid.

2.4 Power Management

• The system is designed for low power consumption, with the servo motor only
activating when an object is detected.
• The Arduino and sensors are powered continuously to maintain responsiveness.

3. Features

• Automatic Operation: The lid opens and closes without manual intervention.
• Hygiene Focused: Reduces physical contact with the dustbin, minimizing the risk of
contamination.
• Portable: The use of a 9V battery eliminates the need for a direct power supply.
• Delay Mechanism: Ensures the lid remains open for a sufficient amount of time for
waste disposal.

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Circuit diagram for Arduino board

2.2 Need For operation: The need for operation of the smart dustbin arises from the necessity to
enhance hygiene, convenience, and efficiency in waste disposal. Traditional dustbins require manual
handling, increasing the risk of germ transmission, especially in high-traffic areas like hospitals, offices,
and public spaces. By offering a touchless, automated solution, the smart dustbin minimizes physical
contact, promotes cleanliness, and caters to users of all ages and abilities. Its user-friendly design
encourages proper waste disposal habits, contributing to environmental awareness and modern waste
management practices. This innovative approach integrates technology into everyday tasks, improving
sanitation and quality of life.

Smart Dustbin

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 COMPONENTS REQUERD

Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

• Purpose: Measures the distance of an object (e.g., a hand) from the dustbin to detect
when the lid needs to be opened.
• Features:
o Operates at 5V.
o Detection range: 2 cm to 400 cm.
o Accuracy: ±3 mm.
o Uses sound waves to measure distance via a trigger pin (to send pulses) and
echo pin (to receive reflected pulses).
• Why Used: Provides precise distance measurement and is simple to integrate with the
Arduino.

Figure 3.0

• 3.2. Male/Female Jumper Wires: Purpose: Connect all components (Arduino,

ultrasonic sensor, servo motor) to the breadboard or directly to the Arduino.
• Features:
o Available in male-to-male, male-to-female, and female-to-female variants.
o Flexible and reusable.
• Why Used: Essential for making temporary or permanent connections between
components.

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 Figure 3.1

3.3. Servo Motor (SG90 or similar 9g motor)

• Purpose: Opens and closes the lid of the dustbin based on the signal from the Arduino.
• Features:
o Operates at 4.8V to 6V.
o Lightweight and compact (9g).
o Provides a rotation angle of 0° to 180°.
• Why Used: Small size and adequate torque for operating lightweight dustbin lids.

Figure 3.2

• 4. Arduino UNO : Purpose: Acts as the microcontroller to process inputs from the
ultrasonic sensor and control the servo motor.
• Features:
o 14 digital input/output pins (6 can be used as PWM outputs).
o 6 analog input pins.
o Operates at 5V and is programmable using the Arduino IDE.
• Why Used: It is beginner-friendly, cost-effective, and ideal for small automation
projects like this one.

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 Figure 3.3

3.5. Jumper wires (generic): jumper wires are fundamental components in electronics and
prototyping, providing a flexible and convenient means to make temporary connections
between various components on a breadboard or other circuit platforms.

Figure 3.4

3.6. Dustbin

• Purpose: Acts as the base structure for implementing the automation.

• Features:
o Can be any standard lightweight dustbin with a lid.
o Should allow easy mounting of the ultrasonic sensor and servo motor.
• Why Used: Serves as the functional part of the project.

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 Figure 3.5

3.7. Mini Breadboard: Mini breadboards are smaller than standard-sized breadboards,
making them convenient for compact projects or when workspace is limited.

Figure 3.6

3.8. Additional Components

• 9V Battery Connector:
o Connects the battery to the Arduino board.
• Screws/Glue/Tape:
o Used to securely attach the servo motor and ultrasonic sensor to the dustbin.
• Resistors (Optional):
o May be needed to manage voltage or current flow in the circuit.

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Figure 3.7

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 CHAPTER 4
TOOLS AND MACHINE
4.1 Laser cutter (generic) : laser cutter is a versatile and precision tool that utilizes laser
technology to cut, engrave, or etch a variety of materials with high accuracy. Ensure that the
laser cutter is compatible with the materials you plan to work with.

4.2 Hot glue gun (generic): The main body of the glue gun is typically made of heat-
resistant plastic or metal. It houses the internal components

Figure 4.1

CODE USED
#include <Servo.h>

Servo myServo; // Create a servo object

// Pins for Ultrasonic Sensor

const int trigPin = 6;

const int echoPin = 7;

// Variables for distance measurement

long duration;

int distance;
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// Define distance threshold (in cm) for hand detection

const int distanceThreshold = 15;

void setup() {

myServo.attach(9); // Attach the servo to pin 9

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT); // Trig pin as output

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT); // Echo pin as input

myServo.write(0); // Start with the dustbin lid closed

Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication for debugging

void loop() {

// Measure distance using ultrasonic sensor

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

// Calculate the distance

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

Serial.print("Distance: ");

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 Serial.println(distance);

// Check if the distance is below the threshold

if (distance > 0 && distance < distanceThreshold) {

myServo.write(90); // Open the lid (90 degrees)

delay(5000); // Keep the lid open for 5 seconds

myServo.write(0); // Close the lid (0 degrees)

delay(500); // Short delay before rechecking the distance

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 CONCLUSION

The Smart Dustbin Using Arduino project successfully demonstrates how technology can
enhance everyday life by automating routine tasks. By integrating components such as an
ultrasonic sensor, a servo motor, and an Arduino microcontroller, the smart dustbin provides a
touchless and hygienic solution for waste disposal. This innovation not only minimizes
physical contact, reducing the risk of germ transmission, but also encourages proper waste
management practices.

The project highlights the practical application of automation in addressing real-world

problems. Its portable, cost-effective, and user-friendly design makes it suitable for a variety of
settings, including homes, offices, hospitals, and public spaces. While the current
implementation meets the basic objectives, future enhancements could include features like a
full-bin indicator, solar-powered operation, or connectivity for smart notifications.

In conclusion, the smart dustbin serves as a valuable step towards creating a cleaner, healthier,
and more efficient environment through the adoption of modern technology.

13–14.

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 REFERENCE

• Arduino.cc. (n.d.). Arduino UNO Board Specifications and Documentation. Retrieved from
https://www.arduino.cc
• SparkFun. (n.d.). HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor Hookup Guide. Retrieved from
https://www.sparkfun.com
• ServoCity. (n.d.). SG90 Servo Motor Specifications and Applications. Retrieved from
https://www.servocity.com
• Instructables. (n.d.). Smart Dustbin Using Arduino Tutorial. Retrieved from
https://www.instructables.com
• Elprocus. (n.d.). Applications of Ultrasonic Sensors in Automation. Retrieved from
https://www.elprocus.com
• Circuit Digest. (n.d.). How to Interface a Servo Motor with Arduino. Retrieved from
https://circuitdigest.com

• ScienceDirect. (n.d.). Advancements in Waste Management Using IoT and Automation.

Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com

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