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J.Douglas Faires

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Pretace

Supplements
Complete solutions to all execis¢s in the e a e vaailable o instructors in secure, cu
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Aset of classroom lecture slides, pnepared by Professor John Carroll of Dublin Ct
University. are available on the book's instructor companion web site. These slides, cre
using the Beamer package of LaTeX. are in PDF format. They present examples, hint
step-by-step animations of important techniques in Numerical Analysis.
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Possible Course Suggestions

Numerical Analysis is designed to give instructors flexibility in the choice of topics as wel
as in the level of theoretical rigor and in the enmphasis on applications. In line with
thex
aims, we provide detailed references for results not demonstrated in the text and for the
applications used to indicate the practical importance of the methods. The text references
cited are those most likely to be available in college libraries, and they have been updated
reflect recent editions. We also include quotations from original
feel this material is accessible to our intended audience. All
rescarch papers when W:
referenced material has beet
indexed to the appropriate locations in the text, and Library of Congress
information
reference material has been included to permit easy location if searching for library malena
The following flowchart indicates chapter prerequisites. Most of the
that can be generated from this chart have been taught by the authors at possible sequee
Youngstown S
University.
Chapter 1

Chapter 2 Chapter Chapter 3

Chapter 10 Chapter 7 Chapter8 ChapterS

Chapter 4

Chapter 9

Chapter |1

Chapter 12
The additional material in this cdition should permit preparean

oraduate course in Numerical Linear Algcbra for instructorsnot previously

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Numerical Analysis. nis could be done by students who have
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 Substitution
ALGORITHM Gaussian Elimination with Backward
6.1
To solve the n x n linear system

INPUT number of unknowns and equations n; augmented matrix A = [aj), where I -

i<n andl <j<n+1.
OUTPUT solution x, 2,. solution.
Xn or message that the linear system has no unique
Step 1 For i= 1,... ,n- 1Ido Steps 2-4. (Elimination process.)
Step 2 Let pbe the smallest integer with i <p <n and api #0.
If no integer p can be found
then OUTPUT ('no unique solution exists" );
STOP.
Step 3 Ifp #ithen
perform (E,) (E).
Step 4 Forj=
i+1,...,n do Steps 5 and6.
Step 5 Set mj =
ji/aji:
Step 6 Perform (E;
miE;) ’ (E):
 61 Linear Systems of Equations 365

Step 7 If amn = 0then OUTPUT ('no unique solution exists')

STOP.

Step 8 Set x, = annti/ann (Start backwand substitution. )

Step 9 For i =n-I..... Iset x, = . - 4,
Step 10 OUTPUT (a1....): (Pocedure completedswcessfully)
STOP.

To define matrices and perform Gaussian elimination using Maple. first access the
LinearAlgebra library using the command
with(LinearAlgebra)
To define the matrix A of Example 2, which we will call AA. use the command
AA := Matrix([[1, 1.2, 1, -8]. [2. -2. 3, -3, 201,[I1, 1. 1,0, -2].|1. -1.4, 3,4|)
This lists the entries,by row, of the augmented matrix AA = A"
The function RowOperation(AA. [i. jl. m) performs the operation (E, +mE,) ’ (E,).
andthe same command without the last parameter, that is, RowOprration(AA. [i. j) per
forms the operation (E;) > (E). So the sequence of operations
AAl:= RowOperation (AA. (2, I], -2)
AA2 := RowOperation (AA1.(3, 1), )
AA3 := RowOperation(AA2, [4. 1],-1)
AA4 := RowOperation(AA3, [2, 3])
AA5 := RowOperation(AA4, [4, 3], 2)
gives the reduction to AAS = A4),
Gaussian Elimination is a standard routine in the LinearAlgebra package of Maple.
and the single command
AAS := GaussianElimination (AA)
returns this same reduced matrix. In either case, the final operation
x:= BackwardSubstitute(AAS)
gives the solution x which has x =-7, x =3,x =2. and=2.
 Numenical Richand L Buaden,
T Douglas Faues editon
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I -7 lo +15 18

4, = 8 - 173- 4X4
47, - - 2 (-10) -4(3)
=840 - 32 = -4

Coiect &on is
But te geen solution is

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