Aryabhata

Aryabhata mentions in the Aryabhata that he was 23 years old

3,600 years into the Kali Yuga, but this is not to mean that the
text was composed at that time. This mentioned year
corresponds to 499 CE, and implies that he was born in 476.
[6]
Aryabhata called himself a native of Kusumapura
or Pataliputra (present day Patna, Bihar).
His Works:
Aryabhata is the author of several treatises
on mathematics and astronomy, though Aryabhata is the only one
which survives.
Much of the research included subjects in astronomy, mathematics,
physics, biology, medicine, and other fields. Aryabhata
compendium of mathematics and astronomy, was referred to in the
Indian mathematical literature and has survived to modern times.
The mathematical part of
the Aryabhata covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry,
and spherical trigonometry. It also contains continued
fractions, quadratic equations, sums-of-power series, and a table of
sines.
The Arya-Siddhanta, a lost work on astronomical computations, is
known through the writings of Aryabhata's
contemporary, Varahamihira, and later mathematicians and
commentators, including Brahmagupta and Bhaskar I. This work
appears to be based on the older Surya Siddhanta and uses the
midnight-day reckoning, as opposed to sunrise in Aryabhata. A
cylindrical stick Yasti-yantra, an umbrella-shaped device called
the Chhatra-yantra.
 Brahmagupta

Brahmagupta, according to his own statement, was

born in 598 CE. Born
in Bhillamāla in Gurjaradesa (modern Bhinmal in Rajas
than, India) during the reign of the Chavda
dynasty ruler Vyagrahamukha. He was the son of
Jishnugupta and was a Hindu by religion, in particular,
a Shaivite. He lived and worked there for a good part
of his life. Prithudaka Svamin, a later commentator,
called him Bhillamalacharya, the teacher from
Bhillamala.
His works :
In the year 628, at the age of 30, he composed
the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta ("improved treatise of Brahma")
which is believed to be a revised version of the
received Siddhanta of the Brahmapaksha school of
astronomy. Scholars state that he incorporated a great deal of
originality into his revision, adding a considerable amount of
new material. The book consists of 24 chapters with 1008
verses in the ārya metre. A good deal of it is astronomy, but it
also contains key chapters on mathematics, including algebra,
geometry, trigonometry and algorithmics, which are believed to
contain new insights due to Brahmagupta himself. Later,
Brahmagupta moved to Ujjaini, Avanti, a major centre for
astronomy in central India. At the age of 67, he composed his
next well-known work Khanda-khādyaka, a practical manual of
Indian astronomy in the karana category meant to be used by
students.
Brahmagupta died in 668 CE, and he is presumed to have died
in Ujjain.
 Baudhayana

Baudhayana (800 BC - 740 BC) is said to be the original

Mathematician behind the Pythagoras theorem. Pythagoras
theorem was indeed known much before Pythagoras, and it
was Indians who discovered it at least 1000 years before
Pythagoras was born! The credit for authoring the earliest
Sulba Sutras goes to him.
It is widely believed that he was also a priest and an architect
of very high standards. It is possible that Baudhayana’s interest
in Mathematical calculations stemmed more from his work in
religious matters than a keenness for mathematics as a subject
itself. Undoubtedly he wrote the Sulbasutra to provide rules for
religious rites, and it would appear almost certain that
Baudhayana himself would be a Vedic priest.
The Sulbasutras is like a guide to the Vedas which formulate
rules for constructing altars. In other words, they provide
techniques to solve mathematical problems effortlessly.
If a ritual was to be successful, then the altar had to conform to
very precise measurements. Therefore mathematical
calculations needed to be precise with no room for error.
People made sacrifices to their gods for the fulfilment of their
wishes. As these rituals were meant to please the Gods, it was
imperative that everything had to be done with precision. It
would not be incorrect to say that Baudhayana’s work on
Mathematics was to ensure there would be no miscalculations
in the religious rituals.
 Pingala

Acharya Pingala was an ancient Indian poet and

mathematician ,and the author of the Chandasastra also called the
Pingala-sutras Pingala the earliest known treatise on Sanskrit
prosody. Pingala was born in 3rd or 2nd century BCE. Acharya
Pingala discovered the immense possibilities of Binary numbers
quite by accident. He was working on the meter or Chandah of
Vedas. Our Vedas were composed in meters or Chandah. Most
Indian Languages have the dheerga or long Swar and the Laghu or
short swar. This combination of long and short sounds is the basis
of Sanskrit prosody or meter or Chandah. In 3rd BCE, a work called
Chandahsastra was authored by Pingala, the Mathematician.
Chandahsastra means the science of meters as used in poetry/
music in which it is recited. While studying Chandah, he stumbled
on the concept of the Binary number system.
 The Chandahsastra or the study of composing poetry based on
long and short syllables, i.e. Two syllables is the first known
description of a binary numeral system.
 Along with this, the discussion of the combinatorics of meter
corresponds to the binomial theorem as well.
 Though Pingala knew Binary numbers, he did not know the use
of zero(0) Later mathematicians represented using 0 and 1 in,
but Pingala used light (laghu) and heavy (guru) rather than 0 and
1 to describe syllables.
 The Binary system of Pingala, starting at one (four short
syllables—binary "0000"—is the first pattern) going to the nth
pattern. It can be represented as n-1(with increasing positional
values).
 Sridharacharaya
Sridhara was born in about 870s in Bengal, India and died in
930s in india.He was an Indian mathematician who wrote on
practical applications of algebra and was one of the first to give
a formula for solving quadratic equations.
He gave the first correct formulas in India for the volume of a
sphere and of a truncated cone. He used two approximations
for π, the traditional Jain value of Square root of√10 as well as
22/7. Bhaskara II cites Shridhara’s rule for quadratic equations
that allows two solutions of a single equation, in so far as they
are positive, probably from Shridhara’s lost work on bija-ganita.
 Algebra: While the specific work on algebra is lost,
Sridharacharya is believed to have made significant
contributions to the development of algebra, including the
concept of zero and its rules.
 Quadratic Equations:
He provided a method for solving quadratic equations, which is
now known as the Sridharacharya Formula or the quadratic
formula.
 Geometry:
Sridharacharya provided early formulas for the volumes of
spheres and segments of circles.
 Zero:
He explicitly defined the rules of zero for addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division.
 Separation of Algebra and Arithmetic:
He is credited with separating algebra from arithmetic.
 Practical Applications of Algebra:
He explored the practical applications of algebra in various
problems.