SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY

A
PROJECT REPORT ON

“ IOT BASED VEHICLE SPEED DETECTION ”

Submitted to the Department of AI & DS Engineering, SVCET, Rajuri, Pune, in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the

FINAL YEAR OF AI & DS ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY:
Bongale Sakshi Rajesh
Panchal Mukta Shamrao
Dumbare Namrata Ashok

DEPARTMENT OF AI & DS ENGINEERING

SAHYADRI VALLEY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,
RAJURI, PUNE (2024-2025)

Savitribai Phule Pune University

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 CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that

Ms.Bongale Sakshi Rajesh

Ms.Panchal Mukta Shamrao

Ms.Dumbare Namrata Ashok

Student of B.E. AI & DS (Fourth Year) was examined in

Project Stage 1 Report

“IOT BASED VEHICLE SPEED DETECTION”

on .../... /2025

At
Department of AI & DS Engineering,
Sahyadri valley College of Engineering And Technology Rajuri, Rajuri -
412411

Internal Examiner External

Examiner

(Prof.Rahane)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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 “Feeling gratitude and not expressing it, is like wrapping a present and
not giving it”
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without mentioning the people who made it possible. So, I am
grateful to number of individuals whose professional guidance along with
encouragement have made it very pleasant endeavor to undertake this project.
I take this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my
guide and truly teacher of teachers Prof.Rahane for their exemplary
guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of this
project. I also express a deep sense of gratitude to Prof.Rahane, Head of
Computer Engineering Department for their valuable guidance and
encouragement.
I am obliged to our Principal Prof P.Balaramudu for their inspiration
and co- operation.

Abstract:

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Abstract The primary objective of this project is to develop a robust and scalable system for
realtime monitoring and detection of vehicle speeds. Smart sensors strategically placed along
roadways capture and transmit speed data to database. Here, sophisticated algorithms process
the speed of the vehicle. The project defines the speed of the vehicle travelling from one end
to the another specified end and is been stored in the database and even displayed on the LCD
Screen .It also provides the facility of capturing the image of number palte and stores it in the
database.

Abstract 1

1 Introduction

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 1.1 Background................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Problem with Existing Solution ................................................................. 7 1.3
Advantages ................................................................................................. 8
1.4 Disadvantages ............................................................................................ 8

2 Related Work 9
2.1 Literature Survey .................................................................................. 9

3 Problem Statement and Objectives 11

3.1 Problem Statement ..................................................................................11 3.2 Objectives
.................................................................................................12
3.3 Scope ............................................................................................................. 13

4 Design and Methodology 14

4.1 Methodology ................................................................................................. 14
4.2 Proposed
System………………………………………………………………………………………………………….15
4.3 Use Case Diagram ............................................................................... 16
4.4 Proposed Work ......................................................................................17

5 Implementation Details 18
5.1 Requirements ................................................................................................ 18
5.1.1 Software Requirement ..................................................................18
5.1.2 Hardware Requirement .................................................................18
5.2 Schedule ...................................................................................................19

6 Schedule of Project 19

7 Snapshot Of Project Done 20

8 Conclusion 21

9 References 22

1. Introduction-

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1.1 Background
An IoT-based speed detection system with number plate capturing is an advanced speed
detection system that utilizes the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) to accurately measure
vehicle speed and capture license plate images. This system offers several advantages over
traditional speed detection methods, including: Enhanced accuracy: IoT-based systems can
employ high-resolution cameras and sophisticated image processing algorithms to ensure
precise speed measurements even in challenging lighting conditions.
Real-time data collection: The system can continuously collect and transmit speed data to a
central monitoring system, enabling real-time speed detection management and enforcement.
Automated number plate recognition (ANPR): The system can capture and recognize license
plate numbers, enabling vehicle identification and tracking for various applications.
Vehicle speed detection using number plate recognition in the context of the Internet of
Things (IoT) is a cutting-edge application that combines computer vision, IoT, and web
technologies. This system aims to capture and recognize the license plate of vehicles,
enabling the determination of their speed. To implement this solution, Python is employed as
the primary programming language, and a XAMPP server is utilized for web hosting and
database management.
. This system proves highly effective in detection of over speed driving. In this project, two
IR sensors, IR transmitter (IR LED), one IR receiver (photo diode) are placed on the Arduino
board. When any vehicle crosses the two-car sensors, both IR sensors are connected to the
interrupted pin of Arduino and identify the fall wave and the time between activating the
Arduino’s internal timer sensor. And then they measure the speed display on a digital monitor
or on a 16x2 LCD screen.
The target of this project is to propose and develop a new Smart Vehicle Over Speeding
Detector using IoT technology for alerting information about over speeding vehicles. The
smart vehicle over speeding detector is very essential for the human life as there are so many
accidents in road every day. This study gives a general idea about a smart vehicle over
speeding detector and also concentrates on the functionality of the over speeding detector by
use of IoT technologies.
In this direction, the effort is going on devising a security driving application for vehicles by
new rising IoT-oriented technology, which is employed for devising a more effective solution
The IoT (Internet of Things) is the interrelation of distinctly identifiable embedded computing
appliances inside the existing infrastructure. IoT provides sophisticated connectivity of
systems, services and devices, which goes beyond M2M (Machine to Machine Interactions)
and covers different domains and applications.

1.2 Problem with Existing System Solution-

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IoT based Vehicle Over-Speed Detection and Accident-Avoidance System
Vehicle over-speed detection and accident-avoidance system is an Internet of Things (IoT)
based system which collects data via sensors such as ultrasonic sensors. The sensor is
mounted upon a microcontroller i.e. Arduino which is responsible for the sensors to work.
This system consists of an Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino UNO, Potentiometer, LCD display.
The ultrasonic sensor detects the object/vehicle ahead of the vehicle and sends the data to
Arduino UNO, if a particular vehicle is in close proximity to the front vehicle, the proposed
system automatically controls the vehicle speed. This system also consists of an over-speed
detection, which detects the speed and alerts the driver if the vehicle reaches a specific speed
limit. Also, in the proposed system in case if driver overspeed’s, an SMS alert would be sent
to cab company or car rental agency concerned person's cell phone. It is Published in: 2021
International Conference on Disruptive Technologies for Multi-Disciplinary Research and
Applications (CENTCON)

1.3 Advantages:
• IoT Connectivity

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 • Sensor Technology

• Data Accuracy

• Data Storage and Logging

• Real-Time Processing

• Wireless Communication

• Customizable Algorithms

• Power Efficiency

• Scalability

• Security Measures

• User Interface Design

• Maintenance and Diagnostics

• Compatibility with Standards

1.4 Disadvantages:
• Accuracy Issues

• Vulnerability to Tampering

• Limited Field of View

• Dependency on Power and Connectivity

• Maintenance Requirements

2. Related Work

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2.1 Literature Survey-
S.Roy, A. Choudhury, J. Mukherjee. The proposed a system to localization of number
plate mainly for the vehicles in West Bengal (India) and segmented the numbers as to
identify each number separately. This paper presents an approach based on simple and
efficient morphological operation and sobel edge detection method. He also presents a
simple approach to segmented all the letters and numbers used in the number plate. After
reducing noise from the input image we try to enhance the contrast of the binarized
image using histogram equalization. We mainly concentrate on two steps; one is to locate
the number plate and second is tosegment all the number and letters to identify each
number separately. S. Du, M. Shehata, W. Badawy Describe a comprehensive survey
on existing (Automatic License Plate Recognition) ALPR Techniques by categorizing
them according to the features used in each stage. Comparisons of them in the terms of
Pros, Cons, Recognition results, & Processing speeds were addressed. A future forecast
for ALPR was also given at the end. The future research of ALPR should concentrate
on multi-style plate recognition, video-based ALPR using temporal information, multi-
plates processing, high - definition plate image processing, ambiguous -character
recognition. P. anishiya, prof. S. Mary Joans focused a number plate localization and
recognition system for vehicles in Tamilnadu(India) is proposed. This system is
developed based on digital images and can be easily applied to commercial car park
systems for the use of documenting access of parking services ,secure usage of
parking houses and also to prevent car theft issues. The proposed algorithm is based on a
combination of morphological operation with area criteria tests for number plate localization.
D. Jiang,T. M. Mekonnen,T. E. Merkebu,A Gebrehiwot. Discussed
paper presents about car plate recognition system.it describes, design algorism and future of
implementation. The system has color image inputs of a car and the output has the
registration number of that car. The system has three main steps to get the desired
information. Those are plate localization, character segmentation and character
recognition. First, the number of plate is extracted from the original image, then the
characters from it are isolated, and finally each character is recognized. The algorithms
were developed using a set of training images. The final program is capable of extracting
the desired information in a high percentage of the test images. Z. Xu, H. Zhu. Presented
an efficient and robust method of locating license plate is presented. The method makes use
of the rich corner information in the plate area and the edge information of license
plates. It can deal with more difficult location problems, especially with a license plate
existing in a complicated background.
Research by Gupta et al. (2019) introduced a novel approach to vehicle speed estimation using
image processing techniques and machine learning algorithms. Their study proposed a system
that utilized optical flow methods combined with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to
estimate vehicle speed accurately, achieving a commendable accuracy rate of over 90%.In a
separate study, Liang and Li (2020) explored the use of radar-based systems for real-time
vehicle speed detection. Their research highlighted the advantages of radar technology in
capturing accurate speed measurements irrespective of weather conditions or environmental
factors, suggesting its reliability in diverse scenarios.

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 Furthermore, the work by Patel et al. (2018) investigated the fusion of multiple
sensor data, including GPS, LiDAR, and camera-based systems, to enhance the accuracy of
vehicle speed detection. Their findings emphasized the significance of sensor fusion
techniques in achieving robust and precise speed estimation.
In the realm of number plate detection, Zhang et al. (2017) proposed a
comprehensive framework employing deep learning models for efficient and accurate license
plate detection and recognition. Their study showcased the effectiveness of convolutional
neural networks in detecting and extracting license plate information from images under
varying illumination and environmental conditions.Similarly, the work by Khan et al. (2019)
focused on optimizing number plate recognition systems using edge computing paradigms.
Their research emphasized the integration of edge devices with machine learning algorithms,
reducing latency and enhancing the overall performance of real-time number plate detection
systems.
Additionally, research conducted by Li et al. (2021) explored the use of infraredbased
number plate detection systems, demonstrating improved accuracy in challenging lighting
conditions where traditional optical systems may face limitations.

3.Problem Statement and Objectives-

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3.1 Problem Statement-

In urban and suburban environments, traffic management and road safety are paramount
concerns. One critical aspect of road safety is the enforcement of speed limits. Traditional
methods of speed monitoring, often reliant on manual enforcement by law enforcement
officers, are not only labour-intensive but also prone to errors. To address these issues and
enhance road safety, the implementation of an automated Vehicle Speed Detection system is
imperative.
Develop an IoT application that addresses the need for efficient and automated vehicle speed
detection using license plate recognition. The application should utilize Raspberry Pi as a
costeffective and versatile hardware platform. The existing manual speed monitoring system
is inefficient and does not provide real-time insights. There is a lack of automated tools for
speed detection and monitoring, leading to challenges in enforcing speed limits and ensuring
road safety. The primary objective is to enhance traffic monitoring and management by
providing real-time speed data for vehicles.

Challenges:

1. Manual Monitoring Inefficiency:

• Existing methods rely heavily on manual speed checks by law enforcement
officers.
• Manual monitoring is time-consuming and cannot provide real-time insights
into speeding violations.

2. Limited Coverage:
• With manual monitoring, coverage is limited to specific checkpoints, leaving
extensive road networks unmonitored.

3. Data Accuracy and Consistency:

• Human error introduces inaccuracies in speed measurements, impacting the
reliability of the collected data.

4. Resource Intensiveness:
• The current system requires a significant investment in human resources for
continuous monitoring, making it economically unsustainable.

3.2 Objectives-

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 • To develop IOT Based Vehicle Speed Detection.-

The primary goal is to design and implement a system that leverages IoT technologies
for real-time vehicle speed detection. This involves the integration of sensors,
microcontrollers, and communication modules to capture and transmit speed data.

• To store Number plate in database and the speed of vehicle –

This objective focuses on data storage, specifically recording both the number plate
information and the corresponding speed of the detected vehicles. A database will be
used to store this information for further analysis and reporting.

• To perform Real-Time Speed Monitoring

Real-time speed monitoring is essential for immediate intervention in case of speeding
violations. This objective aims to provide authorities with live speed data for effective
traffic management.

• To capture number plate image using OCR-

This objective involves capturing images of vehicle number plates and using Optical
Character Recognition (OCR) technology to extract and store the alphanumeric
information.

3.3 Scope-

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The scope of a Vehicle Speed Detection System encompasses various aspects related to the
system's functionality, objectives, and limitations. Here's a comprehensive scope for a vehicle
speed detection project:

Scope for Vehicle Speed Detection System:

• Develop a system capable of automatically monitoring and detecting the speed of

vehicles in real-time.

• Implement a mechanism for real-time data transmission from speed sensors to a

centralized system.

• Design a centralized database to store historical speed data for analysis and reporting.

• Develop tools for analyzing historical speed data to identify trends, patterns, and areas
with frequent speeding violations.

• Explore opportunities for integration with existing traffic management systems to

enhance overall traffic control.

• Implement security measures to protect the system from unauthorized access and
ensure compliance with privacy regulations.
• Incorporate features for remote diagnostics and monitoring to identify and address
issues promptly.

• Explore energy-efficient solutions, such as the use of solar panels or low-power

modes, to ensure continuous system operation.

• Ensure that the system complies with relevant traffic safety standards and regulations.

• Conduct a cost analysis considering both initial implementation costs and ongoing
maintenance expenses.

• Consider incorporating public awareness campaigns to inform the community about

the deployment of the speed detection system.

• Address legal and ethical considerations related to speed data collection, storage, and
usage.

4.Design and Methodology

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4.1 Methodology-
• The Speed will be displayed when the vehicle passes from the selected area.
• When vehicle passes the first IR sensor then count will start until vehicle crosses
second IR sensor.
• If the Vehicle Passes from specified area the Speed will be displayed on LCD Display
• Calculate the speed using the data collected from the sensors and display on
LCD

4.2 Proposed System-

First, a system is developed to detect the license plate from a still image or a single video
frame containing a vehicle. The system is developed by using contours with the help of the
OpenSource Computer Vision (OpenCV) library and Python. The captured vehicle image is
converted to grayscale, and then, by using bilateral filters and edge detection algorithms, the

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useful information (i.e., the license plate) is extracted. After getting the plate from the image,
all other information is excluded, and the area with the license is marked for character
segmentation.
The Speed will be displayed when the vehicle passes from the selected area. When vehicle
passes the first IR sensor then count will start until vehicle crosses second IR sensor. If the
Vehicle Passes from specified area the Speed will be displayed on LCD Display. We have
Calculate the speed using the data collected from the sensors and display on LCD. It
Continuously capture images using the connected cameras. It Store images in a local
directory on the IoT device. It Use Python and OpenCV to process captured images. We
apply image preprocessing techniques like resizing, grayscaling, and noise reduction.
We Implement Optical Character Recognition (OCR) using Tesseract OCR or a similar
library. It Extract alphanumeric characters from the processed images, representing the
license plates. It Utilize image timestamps to calculate the time taken by a vehicle to travel
between two points. This can Measure the distance between these points (known distance) to
calculate the speed. After detection, the registration from the plate is saved locally in the
system as a new image for further processing to detect the numbers and characters used.
These characters are detected by using a Google OCR algorithm and the Google Vision API.
We have Created a data packet including license plate information, speed, and a timestamp.
We have Establish communication between the IoT devices and the XAMPP server. We have
Use MQTT and HTTP protocols for lightweight and efficient data transmission. We have Set
up the XAMPP server and configure the Apache web server. We have Develop a server-side
script (PHP or Python with Flask) to receive data from IoT devices. We have use Use
MySQL, part of the XAMPP stack, to create a database for storing vehicle data. Our System
Design a table to accommodate license plate information, speed, and timestamps.
We Modify the server-side script to parse the received data packets and insert relevant
information into the MySQL database. We have Create web pages for real-time monitoring
and historical data analysis. We have Implement a real-time dashboard in the web application
to display incoming data, including license plates and vehicle speed. We have Develop a
userfriendly interface for accessing the web application, enabling users to view and analyse
vehicle speed data. We have Perform thorough testing of the entire system to ensure accurate
license plate recognition and speed calculation. We have Optimize the system for
performance, considering factors like image processing speed and database queries.

4.3 Use Case Diagram-

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4.4 Proposed Work-

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 • The Speed will be displayed when the vehicle passes from the selected area. When
vehicle passes the first IR sensor then count will start until vehicle crosses second IR
sensor.

• If the Vehicle Passes from specified area the Speed will be displayed on LCD Display.
We have Calculate the speed using the data collected from the sensors and display on
LCD. It Continuously capture images using the connected cameras. It Store images in
a local directory on the IoT device.

• It Use Python and OpenCV to process captured images. We apply image preprocessing

techniques like resizing, grayscaling, and noise reduction.

• We Implement Optical Character Recognition (OCR) using Tesseract OCR or a similar

library. It Extract alphanumeric characters from the processed images, representing the
license plates.

• It Utilize image timestamps to calculate the time taken by a vehicle to travel between
two points. This can Measure the distance between these points (known distance) to
calculate the speed.

• After detection, the registration from the plate is saved locally in the system as a new
image for further processing to detect the numbers and characters used. These
characters are detected by using a Google OCR algorithm and the Google Vision API.

• We have Develop a user-friendly interface for accessing the web application, enabling

users to view and analyse vehicle speed data.

• We have Perform thorough testing of the entire system to ensure accurate license plate

recognition and speed calculation.

5.Implementation Details:

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5.1 Software Requirements-
• Ardunio

• Opencv
• Imutils
• Pytesseract
• Matplotlib
• Pyserial

5.2 Hardware Requirements-

• Ardunio Uno
• IR Sensors
• B-type USB cable • LCD Display
• Connecting Wires • Computer System

5.3 Schedule of Project-

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6. Snapshot of Work Done-

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 Figure 3. Final Circuit

7. Conclusion-

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 In conclusion, an IoT-based vehicle speed detection system utilizing two infrared (IR)
sensors, an LCD display, and Arduino technology offers a promising solution for
monitoring and managing traffic flow. This integrated approach leverages the capabilities
of IoT to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of speed detection in realtime. The
following key points summarize the potential benefits and implications of such a system:
1. Accuracy and Precision:
• The use of two IR sensors provides a more accurate measurement of vehicle
speed by capturing entry and exit times, enabling precise calculations.
2. Real-Time Monitoring:
• The IoT framework allows for real-time monitoring of vehicle speeds,
contributing to dynamic traffic management and improved overall road safety.
3. User-Friendly Interface:
• The incorporation of an LCD display enhances the system's user interface,
making it accessible to both authorities and the general public for on-site
information dissemination. 4. Arduino as a Versatile Platform:
• Arduino's versatility and ease of programming make it a suitable platform for
implementing the speed detection system, allowing for flexibility in design and
customization.
5. Low-Cost Solution:
• The utilization of IR sensors, Arduino, and an LCD display represents a
costeffective solution compared to more complex alternatives, making it feasible
for widespread deployment. 6. IoT Connectivity:
• The IoT architecture enables seamless connectivity, facilitating data transmission
and integration with larger smart city initiatives or traffic management systems.

8. References-

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• https://youtu.be/36l5OI-Bhjo?si=beU6WBGLvVv4q1Oa
• https://youtu.be/0hrF8Wq8SSQ?si=myLb9pblIezeriB
• https://youtu.be/g-K3pkVdys?si = pOMlXzcY l − ykbXdG
• https://scholar.google.co.in/scholarq=vehicle+speed+detection+using+iothl=enassdt =
0asvis = 1oi = scholart
• https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8441951

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