Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering

Project Preliminary Investigation Report

Session 2024-25

Name of Department:
Electronics and Telecommunication

Name of Project Guide:

Prof. R.S.Keote

Students Details:

Roll Name of Student Email ID Mobile

No. No.
01 Shreya Nandanwar [email protected] 8767247840
om

02 Sahil Godsundare [email protected] 7057955715

03 Rahul Bhise [email protected] 8208360656
04 Navinya Nagrale [email protected] 7588543021
05 Tejas Barmase [email protected] 9823459856

Title of the Project:

Accident Detection and Avoidance System using Interfaced Doppler
Radar
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Area of Project Work:

Problem Statement:

Road traffic collisions are a leading cause of fatalities, severe injuries, and
economic losses worldwide. Collisions occur due to various factors such as over-
speeding, driver distraction, poor visibility, sudden lane changes, human error,
poor judgment, and delayed reaction times, and failure to maintain safe distances
between vehicles. The impact of such accidents results in human casualties,
vehicle damage, traffic congestion, and financial burdens on individuals and
governments.

Due to unawareness of drivers or even due to mistake of another drivers,

accidents still occur due to delayed response times and environmental factors like
fog, rain, or darkness. This requires for a critical need for accurate, real-time
accident detection and response mechanisms to minimize injuries, enable quick
emergency responses, and improve road safety.

This problem statement highlights the urgent necessity for innovative solutions
that can detect and prevent collisions effectively, ensuring safer roads and
reducing accident-related casualties.

This project aims to develop a Doppler radar-based accident and collision

detection and prevention system that provides real-time monitoring of vehicle
speed, distance, and movement patterns to predict and prevent potential
collisions. By utilizing the Doppler effect, the system can detect approaching
obstacles, estimate relative velocity, and issue timely warnings or automatic
braking signals to enhance road safety.
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Prior Art (Patent Search):

Patent Title of Patent Existing Solutions
Application (Abstract of Patent)
No.
This patent describes an automobile collision
Vehicle Collision avoidance system utilizing laser radar technology to
US5529138A Avoidance System aid in preventing collisions. The system focuses on
detecting obstacles and providing timely alerts to the
driver.

This invention pertains to a Doppler radar warning

Doppler Radar system designed for automotive safety. It includes a
CN1239551A Warning System Doppler radar transceiver and a digital signal
processor to detect moving objects and provide
warnings to the driver.

This academic project involves designing a short-

US202 Vehicle Radar range radar system using an ultrasonic sensor and an
Awfwaf System for Detecting Arduino microcontroller to detect objects within a
US20220187449A1 Preceding Objects specified range and trigger an alarm upon detection.
While it focuses on intruder detection, the principles
may be applicable to vehicular safety systems.

Literature Review:

Title of Paper Details of Literature Identified for Project

Publication with
Date and Year
“Implementation of Vol. 3(5) pp. 1708- International Journal of Trend in
Doppler Radar- 1713, July-August, Scientific Research and
Based 2019. Development (IJTSRD)
Vehicle Speed
Detection System”

“Performance test pp. 1211-1212, International Congress on

of Autonomous 2016. Advanced Applied Informatics
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Emergency Braking
System based on
commercial radar”

Current Limitations

1. Doppler radar cannot distinguish between different objects (e.g. a bicycle,

or another vehicle)
2. Doppler radar can measure speed but cannot measure absolute distance
without additional sensors (like LiDAR or ultrasonic sensors).
3. The radar may detect irrelevant moving objects, such as tree branches,
small animals, or moving shadows, leading to unnecessary alerts or
braking.
4. It only detects motion; stationary objects are not detected, increasing the
risk of collisions with static obstacles like walls or parked cars.

Proposed Solution

To address the challenges of accident detection and prevention, we propose a

Doppler Radar-based Accident Detection and Avoidance System interfaced with
ATMEGA16. This system is designed to enhance vehicle safety by continuously
monitoring the surroundings for potential collisions. By utilizing the HB100 (24
GHz Doppler Radar), the system can measure the relative speed of nearby
objects using the Doppler Effect. The radar’s output is processed by the
ATMEGA16 microcontroller, which analyzes motion patterns and determines
potential threats. When a fast-approaching object is detected within a critical
range, the system triggers an audio-visual alert through a buzzer and LED
indicators, warning the driver to take immediate action.

To ensure reliability, the system incorporates signal amplification using an

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LM358 Op-Amp to strengthen weak radar signals before processing.

Additionally, the design is energy-efficient, making it suitable for motorcycles,
electric vehicles, and low-cost cars. The system is scalable and can be enhanced
with additional features such as, ultrasonic or LiDAR integration for precise
distance measurement.

By providing a cost-effective and real-time accident prevention system, this

project aims to reduce road accidents, enhance driver reaction times, and improve
overall road safety.

Objectives and Scope of Work

Objectives:
1. Real-Time Collision Detection – Implementing HB100 Doppler Radar to
continuously monitor the surroundings and detect fast-approaching
objects.
2. Speed Measurement & Analysis – Utilizing the Doppler Effect to
measure the relative velocity of objects, helping to assess collision risks.
3. Alert Mechanism for Drivers – Activating audio-visual alerts (buzzer
and LED indicators) to warn drivers in case of potential accidents.
4. Microcontroller-Based Processing – Using ATMEGA16 to process radar
signals efficiently and make quick decisions.
5. Cost-Effective & Scalable Solution – Designing a low-power, budget-
friendly system that can be integrated into different types of vehicles,
including motorcycles and low-cost cars.

Scope of Work:
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The scope of work includes research, hardware development, software

implementation, circuit design, prototyping, and testing. The project begins with
selecting appropriate hardware components, including the HB100 radar module,
ATMEGA16 microcontroller, LM358 Op-Amp for signal amplification, and a
buzzer/LED alert system. The next phase involves embedded software
development, where code is written to process radar signals, compute velocity
shifts, and trigger alerts when necessary. A custom PCB layout will be designed
to integrate all components efficiently, ensuring a compact and functional
prototype. Future advancements may include automatic braking integration.
Ultimately, this project aims to provide an affordable, scalable, and reliable
accident prevention system, reducing collision risks and improving road safety.

Feasibility Assessment:

I. Expected Outcomes of the Project

An user friendly environment and app will be developed for parcel security
access and monitoring. With the interface created there will be
multilayered security with access and monitoring for all essential and other
documents or parcels that are delivered by external couriers.
Security being the main concern around which this concept revolves, this
will create a sense of safe environment for buyers.

II. Innovation Potential

Advanced IoT based parcel locking system is an idea generated keeping

one of our daily requirements in mind. This is very effective and efficient
way to secure our postals with the control in our own hand without
interference or need of other human or physical indulgence.

This technology can be used on a massive scale which in turn helps reduce
human effort and errors both at the same time. Commercialization of such
a product increases customer trust and sense of security in online e-kart
shopping.
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III. Task Involved

 Development of prototype of project using acrylic box, IR sensors,

spy camera, Nodemcu, internet, connectors, solenoid locking
system, buzzers for alarm, supply for the entire system to work on.
Initial steps include pcb layout designing and fabrication of the
same.
 Next we will interface wireless fedility with the module that will be
operated with the app we will develop. An entire website
environment plan is laid out along with development of app.
 Testing for proper functioning and connectivity of components after
embedding on pcb. Installing entire hardware component in the
acrylic box and final checks for proper and expected output of the
project to be done.

IV. Expertise Required

1. Inhouse Expertise- for development of Iot interface hardware and

software both.

2. External Expertise- App and website environment development.

V. Facilities Required

1. Inhouse and External facilities both relating to project hardware that

includes sensors, solenoid locks, material sheets, microcontrollers,
connectors, supplies etc

Milestones and Time Plan

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Task JUL AU SEP OC NO DE JAN FEB MA AP

Y G 202 T V C 202 202 R R
202 202 0 202 202 202 1 1 202 202
0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Conceptual
Design 
Detailed
design 
Design Design
Modification 
s

Final Design

Procuremen
t  
(If any)
Develo
p
Prototyping
 
Modification
s 
Testing and
Validation 
Final
Modification 
s
Deliver
IPR / patent
draft 
Thesis and
Poster 
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Name and Signature of Project Guide Signature of HOD