ARC LENGTH, SECTOR AREA

AND RADIAN MEASURE

A chord Major Segment

𝑂
LENGTH OF ARC
PARTS OF A CIRCLE (SECTOR)

Major Sector

Radii 𝑂

Minor Sector
LENGTH OF ARC
PARTS OF A CIRCLE (ARC)

𝑂 𝑂
ARC LENGTH
𝑥°
Arc Length = × circumference 𝑨
360°
𝒓
𝑥°
= × 2𝜋𝑟 𝒙° 𝑶
360°
𝒓

Note:
𝑩
For finding the major arc, use the angle 360 − 𝑥 °
EXAMPLE
In the diagram, 𝑂 is the centre of a circle of radius 25 cm and reflex angle
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 228°. Find
(i) the length of major arc 𝐴𝑌𝐵,
𝑌

228°
𝐵
𝑂

𝐴
𝑋
EXAMPLE
In the diagram, 𝑂 is the centre of a circle of radius 25 cm and reflex angle
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 228°. Find
(ii) the perimeter of the minor sector 𝑂𝐴𝑋𝐵.
𝑌

228°
𝐵
𝑂

𝐴
𝑋
 SOLVING PROBLEM INVOLVING ARC LENGTH
In the figure, 𝑂 is the centre of a circle of radius 8 m.
The points 𝑃 and 𝑅 lie on the circumference of the circle and 𝑂𝑃𝑄 is a straight line.
Given that ∠𝑄𝑂𝑅 = 36.9° and 𝑂𝑅 is perpendicular to 𝑄𝑅, find the perimeter of the
shaded region 𝑃𝑄𝑅.

8m

𝑹 𝑸
CLASS EXERCISES

TEXTBOOK P. 71 – 73
EXERCISE 8A
NO. 3, 8, 10
Additional: No. 14
AREA OF SECTOR
𝑥°
Arc Length = × area of circle 𝑨
360°
𝒓
𝑥°
= × 𝜋𝑟 2 𝒙° 𝑶
360°
𝒓

Note: 𝑩
For finding the major sector, use the angle 360 − 𝑥 °
EXAMPLE
In the figure, 𝑂 is the centre of a circle of radius 15 cm and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 126°.
Find the area of the minor and major sectors.

𝑂
𝐵
126°

𝐴
SOLVING PROBLEM INVOLVING SECTOR AREA
In the diagram, 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a trapezium in which 𝐴𝐷 is parallel to 𝐵𝐶, 𝐴𝐷 = 7 cm,
𝐵𝐶 = 10 cm and ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐶𝐷 = 90°. 𝑃 is a point on 𝐴𝐵.
(i) Show that ∠𝐵𝐴𝐷 = 100.2°, correct to 1 decimal place.
(ii) Hence, find the area of the blue shaded region.

𝑩
𝑷
𝑨
10 cm
7 cm

𝑫 𝑪
CLASS EXERCISES
TEXTBOOK 3B P. 79 – 81
EXERCISE 8B
NO. 3(a, b), 4, 10
Additional: No. 12
RADIAN MEASURE MATHEMATICS 9
 RADIAN MEASURE
Other than using degree, we can also use another measurement called “RADIAN”
(Abbreviation: Rad) for measuring an angle.
1 (one) radian is the size of the angle subtended by the centre of a circle by an
arc equal in length to the radius of the circle.

𝒔 𝒔
𝒓 𝜽=
𝒓
𝜽
If 𝑠 = 𝑟, then 𝜃 = 1 rad
RADIAN MEASURE
We know that 1 full rotation of a circle is 360°
The circumference of a circle is 2𝜋𝑟
If it is a full circle, the size of 𝜃 will be

2𝜋𝑟
2𝑟 𝜃= = 2𝜋 rad
2𝜋𝑟 𝑟

Therefore,
2𝜋 rad = 360°
RADIAN MEASURE
Since 𝝅 𝐫𝐚𝐝 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎°, then

180°
1 rad = = 57.3° (to 1 d.p.)
𝜋

𝜋
1° = = 0.0175 rad (to 3 s.f.)
180°
EXAMPLE
1. Convert each of the following angles from radians to degrees.
𝜋
(a)
12
7
(b) 𝜋
4
(c) 4
2. Convert each of the following angles from degrees to radians.
(a) 7°
(b) 321°
(c) 181.2°
SOLVING TRIANGLE PROBLEM IN RADIAN MODE
𝜋
In ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅, ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = rad. Given that 𝑃𝑄 = 9.6 cm and ∠𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 0.63 rad,
2
calculate the length of
(i) 𝑄𝑅,
𝑅
(ii) 𝑃𝑅.

0.63 rad
𝑃 9.6 cm 𝑄
CLASS EXERCISE

TEXTBOOK P. 87 – 88
EXERCISE 8C
NO. 1, 2, 7 & 9
ARC LENGTH AND SECTOR AREA IN
RADIAN MEASURE
ARC LENGTH IN RADIAN MEASURE
𝑥°
Arc Length = × circumference 𝑨
360°
𝒓
Since 360° = 2𝜋 rad, then 𝑶
𝜽
𝜃
Arc Length = × 2𝜋𝑟 = 𝒓
2𝜋
Note: 𝑩
For finding the major arc, use the angle 2𝜋 − 𝜃 rad.
SECTOR AREA IN RADIAN MEASURE
𝑥°
Sector area = × area of circle 𝑨
360°
𝒓
Since 360° = 2𝜋 rad, then 𝑶
𝜽
𝜃
Sector area = × 𝜋𝑟 2 = 𝒓
2𝜋
Note: 𝑩
For finding the major sector, use the angle 2𝜋 − 𝜃 rad.
EXAMPLE (ARC OF LENGTH)
7
In the figure, 𝑂 is the centre of a circle of radius 6 cm and reflex ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 𝜋 rad. Find
4
(i) the length of the major arc 𝐴𝑄𝐵,
(ii) the perimeter of the minor segment 𝑂𝐴𝑃𝐵.
𝑨
6 cm
7
𝑷 𝑶 𝜋
4
𝑩
EXAMPLE (SECTOR AREA)
In the figure, 𝑂𝐴𝐵 is a sector of a circle with centre 𝑂 and radius 12 cm. 𝐾 is a point
on 𝑂𝐵 such that 𝐾𝐵 = 5.5 cm and ∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 1.08 rad.
Find
𝑨
(i) the length of the arc 𝐴𝐵,
(ii) the area of the shaded region.
Note: Change your calculator mode to “rad”
1.08 rad
𝑶 𝑲 𝑩
5.5 cm
CLASS EXERCISE
TEXTBOOK 3B P. 94 – 97
EXERCISE 8D
NO. 4, 6, 10, 11
Additional: 18, 21 & 23