LTspice IV Getting Started Guide
Copyright © 2011 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
2
Benefits of Using LTspice IV
Stable SPICE circuit simulation with Outperforms pay-for options
Unlimited number of nodes
Schematic/symbol editor LTspice is also a great
schematic capture
Waveform viewer
Library of passive devices
Fast simulation of switching mode power supplies (SMPS)
Steady state detection Over 1100 macromodels of
Turn on transient Linear Technology products
Stepp response
p 500+ SMPS
Efficiency / power computations
Advanced analysis and simulation options
Not covered in this presentation
© 2011 Linear Technology
3
How Do You Get LTspice IV
Go to http://www.linear.com/LTspice
Left click on Download LTspice IV
Register for a new MyLinear account to receive updates if you have not done so
already
© 2011 Linear Technology
Getting Started
Copyright © 2011 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
5
Getting Started using LTspice IV
Use one of the 100s of demo circuits available on linear.com
Reviewed by Linear Technology’s
Technology s Factory Applications Group
Use a pre-drafted test fixture (JIG)
Provides a good starting point
Use the schematic editor to create your own design
LTspice
p contains macromodels for most LTC p
power devices
© 2011 Linear Technology
6
Demo Circuits on linear
linear.com
com
Go to http://www.linear.com
Enter
te root
oot pa
partt number
u be in the
t e search
sea c
box (e.g. 3411)
Select Simulate Tab on the left side
Follo the instructions
Follow instr ctions pro
provided
ided
If you do not find a demo circuit of
interest,, use a pre-drafted
p test
fixture – covered next
Download LTspice
Download Demo Circuit
Complete
C l lilist off d
demo circuits
i i available
il bl
at www.linear.com/democircuits
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Demo Circuit
9 Designed and Reviewed by Factory Apps Group
To run a demo circuit jump
to the Run and Probe a
Circuit in LTspice section
What if I cannot find
a demo circuit?
It remains the customer's responsibility to verify proper and reliable operation in the
actual application
Printed circuit board layout may significantly affect circuit performance or reliability
© 2011 Linear Technology
8
Getting Started using LTspice IV
Use one of the 100s of demo circuits available on linear.com
Reviewed by Linear Technology’s
Technology s Factory Applications Group
Use a pre-drafted test fixture (JIG)
Provides a good starting point
Use the schematic editor to create your own design
LTspice
p contains macromodels for most LTC p
power devices
© 2011 Linear Technology
9
Pre-Drafted
Pre Drafted Test Fixture (JIG)
Used for testing models during development
Provides a draft starting point
Not reviewed by Linear Technology’s factory applications team
It remains the customer's responsibility to verify proper and reliable operation in the
actual application
Printed circuit board layout may significantly affect circuit performance or reliability
© 2011 Linear Technology
10
Start with a New Schematic
New Schematic
Left click on the New Schematic symbol in the Schematic Editor Toolbar
© 2011 Linear Technology
11
Add a Macromodel & Opening Test Fixture
Add Component
Left click on the Component symbol in
the Schematic Editor Toolbar
E t “root”
Enter “ t” partt to
t search
h for
f the
th model
d l
(e.g. 3411)
Left click on Open this macromodel’s
test fixture
To run a test fixture, jump to the Run and
Probe a Circuit in LTspice
p section
© 2011 Linear Technology
12
Getting Started using LTspice IV
Use one of the 100s of demo circuits available on linear.com
Reviewed by Linear Technology’s
Technology s Factory Applications Group
Use a pre-drafted test fixture (JIG)
Provides a good starting point
Use the schematic editor to create your own design
LTspice
p contains macromodels for most LTC p
power devices
© 2011 Linear Technology
Draft a Design Using the
Schematic Editor
Copyright © 2011 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
14
Start with a New Schematic
New Schematic
Left click on the New Schematic symbol in the Schematic Editor Toolbar
LTspice is also a great
schematic capture
© 2011 Linear Technology
15
Add a Linear Technology Macromodel
Add Component
Left click on the Component symbol in the Schematic Editor Toolbar
Enter “root” part to search for the model (e.g. 3411)
Left click on OK
© 2011 Linear Technology
16
Getting the Latest Datasheet
Use the macromodel’s shortcuts to download the Datasheet
as a reference for yyour design
g
Hold Ctrl key and right click (Ctrl – right click) over the LT
macromodel’s symbol
Left click on Go to Linear website for datasheet on the dialog
box that appears
You can also open the macromodel's
macromodel s test fixture as a draft starting point
© 2011 Linear Technology
17
Adding Circuit Elements Place Diode
Pl Di d Rotate
Place Inductor Mirror
Place Capacitor
Place Resistor
Left click on the desired component in the Schematic Editor Toolbar
Left click on Rotate or Mirror to adjust orientation
Alternate you can also use Ctrl – R and Ctrl – M key shortcuts
Move the mouse to the position you want to place it
Left click to place it
To cancel or quit a component type,
click the right mouse button
© 2011 Linear Technology
18
Adding Sources,
Sources Loads & Additional Circuit Elements
Left click on the Component symbol in
the Schematic Editor Toolbar
Search directory structure for desired
circuit element (e.g. load and voltage)
Left click on OK
Move the mouse to the position you
want to place it
Left click to place it
Additional Circuit Elements
Like Sources and Loads
© 2011 Linear Technology
19
Highlights of Additional Circuit Elements
Left click on the Component symbol in the Schematic Editor Toolbar for a
directory of additional circuit elements:
Arbitrary behavioral source Lossy transmission line
Voltage dependent voltage Bipolar transistor
Current dependent current Voltage
g controlled switch
Voltage dependent current Lossless transmission line
Current dependent voltage Uniform RC-line
Independent current source Independent voltage source
JFET transistor Current controlled switch
Mutual inductance Subcircuit
MOSFET transistor MESFET transistor
…many more
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Drawing Lines and Labeling Nodes
Draw Wire
Place Ground
Do not forget
g to pplace a
Label Node ground in your design, it is
required for simulation!
Lines
Left click on the Draw Wire in the Schematic Editor Toolbar
Left click a blue box (terminal)
Define the line’s p
path with a left click over intermediate p
points
Left click on another blue box (terminal)
© 2011 Linear Technology
21
Editing Circuit Elements Delete
Duplicate
Move
Drag
ag
Undo
Redo
Left click on the desired editing
g option
p
Left click on the circuit element
To organize your layout
layout, use the Drag option to move circuit
elements around and to adjust lines between terminals
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Editing Circuit Elements Attributes
Right click on the component symbol to modify attributes
Right click on the text next to the component to edit the
visible attribute and label
Pointer will turn into a text caret
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Use Labels to Specify Units in Circuit Elements Attributes
K = k = kilo = 103 m = M = milli = 10-3
MEG = meg g = 106 u = U = micro = 10-6
G = g = giga = 109 n = N = nano = 10-9
T = t = terra = 1012 p = P = pico = 10-12
f = F = femto = 10-15
15
Important
Use MEG to specify 106, not M
Enter 1 for 1 Farad, not 1F
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Circuit Elements Database
Some components have an available database of
manufacturers’ attributes
Resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes,
Bipolar transistors, MOSFET transistors, JFET
transistors
Independent voltage and current sources
To configure a component to a manufacture’s
attributes
Right click on the component symbol
Left click on Select… or Pick New…
Left click on a selected device
Left click on OK
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Editing Voltage Sources and Loads
Voltage Source
Right
g click the voltage
g
symbol
Enter DC voltage value and
(optional) Series Resistance
Left click on OK
Load (current)
Right click on the load
symbol
Enter DC current value
Left click on OK
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Summary of Schematic Editor Toolbar
Place Circuit Element
Place Diode
Place Inductor
Place Capacitor
Place Resistor
Label Node
Place Ground
Draw Wire
Move
Drag
Undo
Redo
Delete Rotate
p
Duplicate Mirror
Paste b/t Schematics Place Comment
Find Place SPICE directive
© 2011 Linear Technology
Run and Probe a Circuit
Copyright © 2011 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
28
Simulation Commands
To run a simulation, specify the type of analysis to be
p
performed
There are six different types of analyses:
Transient analysis
Small signal AC More information on simulation and dot
commands are available in
DC sweep LTspice IV User Guide
Noise
DC transfer function
DC operating point
Simulation commands are placed on the schematic as text
Called dot commands
© 2011 Linear Technology
29
Editing Simulation Commands
Left click on Simulation menu Demo Circuits and Test Fixtures
have predefined Simulations
Left click on Edit Simulation Cmd C
Commands d
As a starting point in a simulation
Left click on Transient tab
Enter a Stop Time
You may need to adjust this
again later
Select OK
© 2011 Linear Technology
30
Running a Circuit
Run
If model is not found p
please Sync
y Release
under Help menu to update LTspice
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Probing a Circuit & Waveform Viewer
Left click on any wire to plot the voltage
on the waveform viewer
Voltage
g probe
p cursor
Left click on the body of the component
to plot the current on the waveform
viewer
Convention of p positive current is in
the direction into the pin
Current probe cursor
© 2011 Linear Technology
32
Probing a Demo Circuit and Test Fixture
Demo Circuits and Test Fixtures have INs and OUTs clearly
p yyou q
labeled to help quickly
y select them
To view the waveform left click on IN and OUT
Left Click Left
L ft Click
Cli k
Here for Here for
Input Output
Waveform Waveform
© 2011 Linear Technology
33
Voltage Differences Across Nodes
Left click and hold on one
node and drag g the mouse
to another node
Red voltage probe at the first
node
Black probe on the second
Differential voltages are
displayed in the waveform
viewer
© 2011 Linear Technology
34
Plot Planes
Multiple plot panes can be displayed on one window to allow better
separation between traces permitting different traces to be
i d
independently
d tl autoscaled
t l d
Right click in the waveform pane
Select Add Plot Pane
Left click and hold to drag a label to a new plot pane
© 2011 Linear Technology
35
Zooming In and Out in the Waveform Viewer
To zoom in
Left click and hold as you
drag a box about the region
you wish to zoom in then
release
To zoom out
Right click and select Zoom
to Fit or Zoom Back
Zoom In
Pan
Zoom Out
Autoscale
© 2011 Linear Technology
36
Measuring VRipple
Ri l , IRipple
Ri l and Time (Frequency)
Drag a box about the region you wish to measure (peak to peak
over a period)
Left click and hold to drag a box over the portion of interest
View the lower left hand side of the screen
To avoid resizing
resizing, shrink your box before you let go of the left mouse
click or use the Undo command in the Edit menu
To view
T i SMPS voltage
lt ripple
i l you will
ill
need to zoom into a narrow section
since waveform is initially
compressed
co p essed to full
u range
a ge
© 2011 Linear Technology
37
Average/RMS Current or Voltage Calculations
Hold down Ctrl and left click on the I or V trace label in the
waveform viewer
© 2011 Linear Technology
38
Instantaneous & Average Power Dissipation
Instantaneous Power Dissipation
Hold down the ALT key y and
left click on the symbol of the
component
Pointer will change to a
thermometer
Plotted in units of Watts
Average Power Dissipation
Hold down the Ctrl key and
left click on the trace label
power dissipation waveform
© 2011 Linear Technology
Generating a BOM and
Efficiency Report
Copyright © 2011 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
40
Bill of Materials (BOM)
Left click on View menu
Left click on Bill of Materials
© 2011 Linear Technology
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Computing Efficiency of SMPS Circuits
Left click on Simulate menu
Left click on Edit Simulation Cmd
Left click on Stop simulating if steady state is detected
Automaticallyy detect the steadyy state byy checking
g the internal
state of the macromodels
Automatic detection of steady state
Rerun simulation
may not work – steady state detection
may be too strict or lenient
© 2011 Linear Technology
42
Viewing Efficiency Report
Left click on Simulate menu
Left click on Efficiency Report
© 2011 Linear Technology
Simulate a Transient Response
in a SMPS
Advanced Topic
Copyright © 2011 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
44
Use a Pulsed Function as a Transient Response Load
Insert a current source load
Left click on the Component
p symbol
y in the Schematic Editor Toolbar
Select load (or load2) circuit element and configure as pulsed
Left click on OK
Configure load as a pulsed function (covered next)
Steps current from initial to pulsed value and back
Run and review results
© 2011 Linear Technology
45
Configuring Load as a Pulse Function
Right click on the load (or load2) component
Select Pulse
Modify the Attributes
I1 = Initial value
I2 = Pulsed Value
Tdelay = Delay
Tr = Rise time
Tf = Fall time
Ton = On time
Tperiod = Period
Tdelay needs to be adequate so that
the device is in steady state and out
Ncycles = Number of cycles of startup before the load step occurs
Omit for free running
You may need to un
un-click
click Stop simulating if steady state is detected
and specify an end time in Edit Simulation Cmd under the Simulate menu
© 2011 Linear Technology
Simulate a Transformer
Advanced Topic
Copyright © 2011 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
47
Simulating a Transformer
Draw each winding of the transformer as an individual inductor
Couple inductors with a mutual inductance statement
Add a SPICE directive of the form K1 L1 L2 L3 ... 1 to the schematic
Left Click on Edit then SPICE Directive
Inductors in a mutual inductance will be drawn with a phasing dot
Start initially with a mutual coupling coefficient equal to 1
K statement coupling
p g
the windings
For more information check out LTC1871
d
demo circuit
i it andd page 23
23-24
24 off S
September
t b
2006 LT Magazine at www.linear.com
1:3 turns ration g
gives g inductance ratio is
Note: winding
a 1:9 inductance ratio the square of the turns ratio
© 2011 Linear Technology
Additional Information and
Support
Copyright © 2011 Linear Technology. All rights reserved.
49
Reminder to Periodically Sync Release
Update your release of LTspice to get the latest
Software updates
Models and examples Sign up for Linear Insider via
MyLinear (www.linear.com) for
email news and updates
List of changes are available in the changelog.txt that is located in
your LTspice root directory (C:\Program Files\LTC\SwCADIII)
© 2011 Linear Technology
50
Built-in
Built in Help System
Left Click on Help menu and then Help Topics
To print out a hardcopy
hardcopy, download user guide at
http://LTspice.linear.com/software/scad3.pdf
© 2011 Linear Technology
51
Emailing Comments and Signing up for Linear Insider
© 2011 Linear Technology
52
Customer Support
Linear Technology customers can obtain support by
Calling your local field applications engineer
http://www.linear.com/contact/
Calling +1 (408) 432 – 1900 for factory application support
Additional support (not related to Linear Technology circuits
or models support)
Built in help topics & User Manual
Built-in
Independent LTspice users’ group (search messages)
Simulation with the supplied models is fully supported
All bug
g reports
p are appreciated
pp and will be resolved
© 2011 Linear Technology
53
Independent LTspice Users’
Users Group
The group has a section of files and messages with
additional tutorials,, libraries,, and examples
p
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LTspice/
Join LTspice Users’ Group
Email
[email protected] Subject=Subscribe
© 2011 Linear Technology
