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Webserver Based Smart Monitoring System Using ESP8266 Node MCU Module

Article in International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research · June 2018

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International Journal Of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 9, Issue 6, June-2018
Issn 2229-5518
801

Webserver Based Smart Monitoring System

Using ESP8266 Node MCU Module
Dlnya Abdulahad Aziz
Computer Technical Engineering, AL-KITAB University, Iraq
[email protected]

Abstract— The term internet of things (IOT) is considered as an important and popular technology aspect nowadays. Life style
controllability based on (IOT) became considerably simpler and easier especially in the communicating approaches among the smart
devices. The methodology of (IOT) allows accessing and controlling the devices anywhere and anytime. The tendency of this aspect is to
communicate among various devices with respect to ESP8266 Node MCU module. The devices even can be controlled with respect to the
employed ESP stations. The adeptness of data transfer among the proposed remote locations depends mainly on the behavior of the
system while the security and the applicability of the system are considered more efficient. This work shares the information of air quality,
Temperature and Humidity in three food stores at three remote locations with each other based on ESP module through webserver. In
addition, two control actions are taken automatically in accordance with temperature and air purity output results. First, the air cooler is
turned ON to cool the foods in the stores and second the air puller is turned ON to pull the contamination out of the proposed locations.
Furthermore, these control actions even can be applied manually by webserver administrative person. Finally, the ESP based system is
classified as inexpensive project comparing to GSM module.

Index Terms— Smart Monitoring System, Control Based ESP8266 Node MCU, Control system design, Automatic Control.
——————————  ——————————

1. INTRODUCTION A great challenge starts by realizing the real inform ation

The high internet sp eed has given hu m ans throu ghou t from the w eather cond itions d u e to the consid erable
the u niverse m ore and m ore chances to be d ep end ency of the clim ate on the atm osp heric p ressu re
interconnected . Internet of things (IoT) m ethod ology circu m stances, thu nd erstorm , hu rricanes, tem p eratu re
com m u nicates both hu m ans and the d evices and hu m id ity [2, 4]. The w hole m od u le in this w ork acts
electronically w ith resp ect to control m od u le [1]. The based on (IoT) concep t is a critical fou nd ation w hich is
relative low cost of Wi – Fi m agnified the d ep end ency on the vision of sm arter p lanet realization. The fa rm ing
(IoT) trend s. Internet of things (IoT) aim s to connect field is consid ered the u ltim ate argu m ent of this p ap er
several d evices and sensors throu gh a sp ecific netw ork w here p lanting op eration is the first objective then
and restore the realized d ata from the sensors that keep ing the crop s in the sam e w eather cond ition after
located in variou s p laces throu gh w ebp age server w here harvest is the second objective. In this w ork, the corp s
the d ata can be reconstru cted and analyzed to create the rep resented by food stu ffs are reserved in stores w ith
corresp ond ing inform ation accord ingly. In the p rop osed ap p rop riate environm ent cond itions. The requ ired and
w ebp age the ad m in can show and rep resents the d ata in ap p rop riated cond itions w ere reached by m od eling a
variou s w ays. Weather m onitoring system s are control system based on a m od ern low cost m od u le
consid ered an illu strative exam p le on the asp ects of id entified by ESP8266 N od e MCU. The MCU m od u le
(IoT). Weather p red iction is too im p ortant in real life for w as ap p lied as Wi-Fi based client station that is
d ifferent reasons like taking the requ ired m easu rem ents connected to local access p oint AP (server) at the
in case of natu ral d isasters su ch as tem p ests, flood s, and p rop osed location. This m od u le is equ ip p ed at three
rainstorm s, etc. It is w orth m entioning that w eather locations and the inform ation of each ind ivid u al location
p red iction can im m ed iately rep ort those d isasters and based on N et Pie w eb server.
w arn p eop le to take the requ ired p recau tions to face any
d isaster. Weather is im p ortant for the farm ers to p lant 2. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
the seed s in ap p rop riate clim ate cond itions [2, 3]. The system is m ainly constru cted of several com p onents
Moreover, the clim ate cond itions effects on the d ecisions u nveiled as follow s:
regard ing the d ifferent activities su ch as navigation, 1. ESP8266 N od e MCU.
transp ortation, sp ort m atches, etc. In ad d ition, w eather 2. DH T11 Sensor Mod u le.
aw areness is im p ortant for sailor and p ilots w ho they 3. MQ-2 Gas sensor m od u le.
w ork in transp ortation activities. In transp ortation field s, 4. 9 Volt Batteries.
exact d ecisions are taken to change the navigation or
sailing tactics w hether to fly, sail, or rid e. For this reason, 2.1. ESP8266 Node MCU
the w eather observation and m onitoring ap p roaches are Ard u ino Com p any started w orking on d evelop ing of a
consid ered too im p ortant in variou s field s. new m icrocontroller recently. This stru ggle su cceed ed
w hen a new MCU w as created and p op u larly called
Dlny a Abdulahad Az iz is currently B.Sc. student in Computer Technical ESP8266 N od e MCU m od u le. The m od u le w as created
Engineering at A LKITA B University, Iraq. regard less AVR p rocessors and u sed p artially as sam e as
E – Mail: [email protected] Ard u ino MCU [5]. H ence, the m od u le w orks based on

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Ard u ino IDE C++ com p iler. N ew sp ecifications w ere from ESP8266 MCU, the d ata is chosen to be connected
ad d ed to the ESP8266 m od u le in ord er to shrink the to the d igital p in D5 of ESP8266, and the Gnd term inal of
am ou nt the com p onents and the shield s that are the sensor is connected to the Gnd p in of ESP8266 board .
requ ired to p erform a sp ecific task. The com p any
configu red this new MCU w ith resp ect to Ard u ino Uno
board m anager and SAM core. The term 'Core' w as
given to the grou p of softw are u nits that are need ed to
com p ile the Ard u ino C++ head ers by u sing MCU
langu age. The new Ard u ino m od u le is consid ered
creative d esign and configu ration d u e to d evelop ing
Ard u ino core u nd er the d om ination of ESP8266 Wi – Fi
that is w id esp read at the w ebp age of GitH u b ESP8266
core. The MCU is assigned to be as one of the m ost
learning softw are p latform w ith resp ect to the Fig.2. Tem p eratu re – H u m id ity (DH T11) Mod u le
com bination of ESP8266 and N od eMCU firm w are. The
m od u le show n in Fig.1 w orks u nd er the su p ervision of For m ore d etails regard ing d esign lim itation of DH T11, it
802.11n and 802.11b netw orks. This m eans that it can is intend ed to show the sp ecification of the m od u le as
serves as an Access Point AP, Wi – Fi station or both show n in Table 1.
station and AP together [6].
TABLE 1
DHT11 ITEMS SPECIFICATIONS
ITEMS CONDITION MIN TYPICAL MAX
HUMIDITY
1%RH 1%RH 1%RH
Resolution
8 Bit
Repeatability ±1%RH
25oC ±4%RH
Accuracy
0-50 oC ±5 % RH
Interchangeability Fully Interchangeable
0oC 30%RH 90%RH
Measurement
25oC 20%RH 90%RH
Range
50oC 20%RH 80%RH
Response Time 1/e(63%)25oC,
6S 10 S 15 S
(Seconds) 1m/s Air
Hysteresis ±1%RH
Long – Term ±1%RH/ye
Typical
Stability ar
Fig.1. ESP8266 N od e MCU Mod u le Temperature
1oC 1oC 1oC
Resolution
2.2. DHT11 Sensor Module 8 Bit 8 Bit 8 Bit
The Tem p eratu re – H u m id ity sensor is d enoted by Repeatability ±1%RH
Accuracy ±1 oC ±2 oC
DH T11, m easu res both the tem p eratu re and hu m id ity in Measurement
an ind ivid u al d istinctive m od el. Tem p eratu re (T) and 0oC 50oC
Range
H u m id ity (H ) Sensor featu res (T) and (H ) sensor Response Time
1/e (63%) 6S 30 S
com p lex w ith a calibrated d igital signal ou tp u t. The (Seconds)
m od u le ensu res high reliability and excellent long term
stability d u e to the exclu sive d igital signal acqu isition 2.3. MQ-2 Gas Sensor Module
w ith resp ect to the sensing technology. This sensor The Liqu efied Petroleu m Gas (LPG) or the sensitive
inclu d es a resistive typ e hu m id ity m easu rem ent m aterial of MQ-2 gas sensor is SnO2 show s lesser
com p onent and an N TC tem p eratu re m easu rem ent cond u ctivity in the clean air. The cond u ctivity of the
com p onent, connected to a high p erform ance 8-bit sensor show n in Fig. 3 gets higher in case of h igher gas
m icrocontroller, offering excellent qu ality, fast resp onse, concentration. The sensitivity of MQ -2 sensor is
anti-interference ability and cost effectiveness [7]. DH T consid ered excep tionally higher to p rop ane, LPG,
sensor m easu res both (T) and (H ) w hich hand s the hyd rogen, m ethane, and the other steam s. Furtherm ore,
read ings throu gh ESP8266 m od u le w ith resp ect to sensor cost lim itations are su itable for nu m erou s
w ebp age based control u nit. The p rop osed sensor as ap p lications [8, 9]. The m od u le senses the existence of
show n in Fig.2 contains three p ins id entified by Vcc, the flam m able gas d u e to tem p eratu re elevation that is
Data, and Gnd . It is w orth m entioning that d ata p in of realized by the heating com p onents insid e the m od u le.
DH T11 acts w ell w hen m ap p ed w ith d igital Ard u ino As a w orking p rincip le, w hen gas leak is d etected the
Uno p ins. The schem atic connection of the sensor show s cond u ctivity of the sensor rises p rop ortionally w ith gas
that the VCC p in of DH T11 m u st be p rovid ed by 5V concentration raising.

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clarity, the connection relation betw een MQ -2 gas sensor

and the ESP8266 m od u le is d em onstrated in Table 2.

TABLE 2
CONNECTION BETWEEN NODE MCU AND MQ – 2
ESP8266 MQ – 2 GAS SENSOR
Digital pin D out
Analog pin A out
5V VCC
GND GND

3. SCOPE OF WORK
This m onitoring ap p roach of the p roject w as d esigned to
Fig.3. Schem atic Gas Sensor Mod u le be serving as a w ebp age based m onitoring system that
exp oses the situ ation of an environm ent via ESP8266
The p erform ance of the p rop osed sensor can be m od u le. Und er this scop e, the system can m onitor and
im p roved u sing an ap p rop riate load resistance RL by ap p ly control actions in sp ecific cases. The system is
fu lfilling the follow ing equ ation: constru cted of d ifferent sensors em p loyed to record the
𝑉𝑐 2 ∗ 𝑅𝑆 requ ired d ata of the p rop osed locations in ord er to
PS = (1) analyze the situ ation of the environm ent w isely. The
(𝑅𝑆 + 𝑅𝐿 )2 p rop osed locations are chosen to be store m anagem ent
Where, sites allocated at three rem ote p laces. These stores are
PS : Sensitive p ow er of the bod y. u sed to keep food stu ffs in a sp ecific and lim ited w eather
Vc: Loop voltage. cond ition. H ereby, the p rop osed system w as d esigned to
R S : Sensing resistance. realize w eather elem ents and organize the situ ation
R L : Load resistance. accord ingly. The statu s of the environm ents is record ed
The p rop osed gas sensor m od u le can be em p loyed to by u sing DH T11 sensor to realize Tem p eratu re –
d etect gas leaks and to com p u te air qu ality as follow s: H u m id ity d egrees and the p u rity of the air by u sing
MQ2 gas sensor. In this w ork, the am ou nt of d ata
Gas Leak = Concetration ≤ Gas Spread ≤ 1023 (2) realized in each location can be ap p reciated p eriod ically
Air Quality = Gas leak − 1023 (3) based on a w ebsite d enoted by WBCMS Webp age Based
Where, the valu e 1023 rep resents the m axim u m range of Control Monitoring System . The WBCMS is p rop osed to
the analog read w ith resp ect to the m ap p ing cond ition be equ ip p ed in the three locations w ith resp ect to
betw een the gas sensor and N od e MCU m od u le. The ESP8266 Wi-Fi station. This p ap er assigns the characters
restriction of load resistance valu e d oes not m ake any A, B, and C to rep resent the sites of the stores that are
sense p articu larly w hen the ou tp u t voltage is realized connected w irelessly based on the p rop osed w ebp age.
over the RL w ith resp ect to the p oint at the ou tp u t and The w ebp age is nam ed N et Pie w here it is op ened and
Gnd as show n in Fig.4. H ow ever, the valu e of the chosen activated by signing in p rocesses u sing a u ser nam e and
RL is p referred to be arou nd 2 – 47 KΩ, m eaning that the p assw ord . It is w orth m entioning that each ind ivid u al
low er valu e offers less sensitivity, the higher valu e offers WBCMS m od u le is constru cted of an ESP8266 N od e
less accu racy. MCU, DH T11, and LPG gas sensor as show n in the block
d iagram in Fig.5.

Fig.4. Gas Sensor Interior Constru ction

Meanw hile, the calibration p roced u re of the sensor for

1000 p p m – LPG or bu tane concentration in the air can
be p erform ed by choosing R L = 20KΩ [8, 10]. For m ore Fig.5. Webp age Based Control Monitoring System

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Moreover, the d ata can be gathered from the three 4. CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN
locations based on WBCMS ap p roach w ith resp ect to the As m entioned before, the control system is d esigned to
em p loyed sensors by creating w hat is called Data satisfy the actions au tom atically or based on a d ecision
Accu m u lation Center (DAC). Data accu m u lation center by the observer p erson. The actions based au tom atic
(DAC) w orks u nd er the su p ervision of w ebp age control control are consid ered controllable since the actions d o
m onitoring system , w hich assigns a sp ot netw ork based not violates controllability cond itions. The block
on (IoT) to share the d ata of the locations and d iagram in Fig.8 show s that the u ncontrolled
d em onstrate the inform ation regard ing the environm ent G1 is the p lant that allow s all p ossibilities of
environm ental statu s in the stores as exp osed in Fig.6. events occu rrences. The term Sdis represents a
d istu rbance signal that can conqu er the system to
u nd esired situ ation, w hich rep resents the elevation in
tem p eratu re d egrees or the contam ination in the qu ality
of the air. The sensors of the system are rep resented by
G2 , w hich u p grad es the system and p rovid es the
m icrocontroller w ith requ ired inform ation as a feed back
in ord er to ap p ly sp ecific actions accord ingly.

Last bu t not least, the term H rep resents the feed back
system controller that rep resses the environm ent in the
stores to the p referred situ ation.

Fig.6. Data Accu m u lation Center (DAC) Sharing Unit

Fu rtherm ore, DAC based control action w ill be ap p lied

on the environm ent in a sp ecific cond itions. The control
action can be activated au tom atically or intentionally
w ith resp ect to the environm ental cond itions. Each store
is equ ip p ed by tw o d evices id entified by air cooler and
air p u ller. The controller is d esigned su ch that it activates Fig.8. Control Action Processes
the cooler w henever the tem p eratu re elevates m ore than
25oC w hereas the p u ller can be activated w hen the The p lant rep resents the environm ents situ ation of the
system d etects that the p u rity of the air is u nd er the stores that are d om inated by the Wi-Fi based controller.
d esired range, w hich is consid ered in this w ork to be The schem atic assem bly of the m od u le is show n in Fig.
assigned by 70%. Finally, it is intend ed to com m u nicate 9, w hich w as m od eled su ch that the system can fu lfill
am ong the three p rop osed locations w ith resp ect to the d esired behavior of the system . The d esired behavior
ESP8266 N od e MCU and N et Pie w ebp age server as is satisfied by covering the sp ecification of the system
show n in Fig.7. regard ing the occu rrence of the events resp ectively. It is
w orth m entioning that the system can p erform tw o tasks
to control the system in the w orst cases.

Firstly, the control action w ill be taken into consid eration

throu gh relay1 w ith resp ect to the air p u ller in ord er to
p u ll the contam inated air ou t w hen the p u rity of the air
in p ercentage w as d ecreased to be less than 70%.

Whereas, the second action w ill be ap p lied w henever the

tem p eratu re elevates m ore than 25oC by tu rning the air
cooler ON throu gh relay 2 in ord er to retu rn the
environm ent back to its d esired situ ation.

Fig.7. The Entire System Com bination

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Fig.9. The Schematic Connection of the Whole Module

The w ebp age based control m onitoring system is show n in Fig. 11. First of all, it has to be rem ind ed that
d em onstrated as show n in Fig. 10, w hich exp oses the the analog read range for a sensor connected to one of
w ebp age w ith the realized resu lts. As m entioned before the analog p ins in the Ard u ino is sp ecified by (0 - 1023).
the system can ap p ly control action even au tom atically The chart show s that the w hole p roced u re starts by
or m anu ally throu gh the observer p erson (ad m in) that rem ind ing the statu s of the m ain p ow er key (ON / OFF),
p u t into charge to su p ervise the w hole p rocess. then starts read ing the LPG sensor, Tem p eratu re and
H u m id ity sensor in ord er to d ecid e and d iscover the
situ ation of the environm ent. Once read ing op eration is
com p leted , a cond itional d ecision m aking op eration
takes p lace to ap p ly control action accord ing to a given
resu lt. In this w ork, it is p rop osed to assign tw o
p recau tions based on d ecision resu lts. The first
p recau tion takes p lace by consid ering that MQ – 2
Sensor stated that gas concentration as an analog valu e
is elevated . The p u rity of the air is obtained
p rogram m atically by su btracting the valu e of gas
concentration from the m ax analog read as exp osed in
the equ ations (2) and (3). Fu rtherm ore, w henever DH T1
sensor stated that the tem p eratu re is greater than 25oC
and the air qu ality is less than 70%, the au tom atic control
p recau tions w ill be activated su ch that the air cooler and
the air p u ller are tu rned ON to cool environm ent
situ ation in the store d ow n and to p u ll the contam inated
air ou t in ord er to reserve the food stu ff. It is w orth
m entioning that key 1 and key 2 are u sed to fu lfill the
Fig.10. N et Pie Page based Control Monitoring System control action ap p roach m anu ally by the ad m inistrative
p erson throu gh the w ebp age. Finally, the chart checks
5. PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGY w hether the system is still w orking to stay in the loop for
Du e to the com p lexity of the p rogram ing cod e, it is a w hile, or to term inate the p rogram if the p ow er bu tton
p rop osed to show the w hole cod e as a sim p le flow chart w as set to OFF statu s.

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Finally, the resu lts of the Tem p eratu re, H u m id ity, and
Air qu ality are gathered in an overall in form ation bar as
show n in Fig.13.

Fig.13. The Overall Resu lts (Tem p , H u m , LPG)

6. CONCLUSIONS
This p ap er exhibits a robu st friend ly and organized
control system d esign w ith low cost lim itations. The
p roject charm s the (IoT) featu res d u e to the
im p lem entation in variou s field s p articu larly as w eather
m onitoring system in ord er to align the navigations,
choosing transp ortation w ay su ch as sailing, rid ing or
flying, and to p lant the seed s in the farm s in sp ecific
cond itions, etc. This w ork p roved that im p lanting the
system in the agricu ltu ral field s w as a w ise d ecision d u e
to the follow ing resu lts:
Fig 11: Program m ing cod e as flow chart

This next p art aim s to fu lfill the id ea of this w ork and

1. The system is d esigned in low cost lim itations.
confirm that the created system w orks p rop erly w ith
resp ect to the realized resu lts. First, it is intend ed to 2. The em p loyed ESP8266 m od u le is consid ered m ore
d em onstrate the realized Tem p eratu re, H u m id ity, and efficient and ap p licable than Ard u ino
Air qu ality resu lts w ith resp ect to the tim e for 24 hou rs m icrocontroller becau se it can be u sed as a Wi-Fi
starting from 07:00 as show n in Fig.12. station and accesses p oint AP at the sam e tim e.
3. In this p ap er, three food stu ff stores at three d ifferent
rem ote locations are com m u nicated together based
on ESP m od u le.
4. The realized d ata at three locations are shared and
d em onstrated in d ifferent asp ects based on the N et
Pie w ebserver.
5. The environm ents of the p rop osed locations in the
w orst cases are kep t in the d esired situ ation d u e to
im p lem enting d ou ble im p act au tom atic and m anu al
control p oint actions.
6. The au tom atic control action keep s the tem p eratu re
in the d esired level by cooling the store by the air
cooler, and keep s the qu ality of the air
u ncontam inated by p u lling the im p u re air ou t
Fig.12. The Ou tp u t Resu lts of the Sensor s throu gh the air p u ller.
7. The control action can even be d one m anu ally by the

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ad m inistrative p erson of the w ebp age server. Sensor Setup and Study of Gas (LPG) Sensing Behavior of Conducting
8. Finally, the d esign and ap p lication cost based on Polyaniline/ Magnesium Chromate (MgCrO4) Composites" IEEE Sensors
ESP8266 N od e MCU m od u le is consid ered Journal, IEEE, pp. 807 - 813, Vol. 10, Issue. 4, 2010.

inexp ensive com p aring to GSM that activates

[10] Luay Fraiwan, Khaldon Lweesy, Aya Bani-Salma,: "A Wireless Home
triggers the d ata and the control actions by SMS
Safety Gas Leakage Detection System" Biomedical Engineering
m essages. (MECBME), 1st Middle East Conference, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates,
IEEE, pp. 11 - 14, 2011.

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