UNIT-1
Research Process
Index
• Overview of Research Process
• Stages of Research Process
• Importance of Research Process for good research.
The Research Process
• Involves identifying, locating, assessing, and analysing the information you need
to support your research question, and then developing and expressing your
ideas.
• Consists of series of actions or steps necessary to effectively carry out research.
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Phases of Research Process
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1)Identifying the research problem
• A well-identified problem will lead the researcher to accomplish all-important phases of
the research process, starting from setting objectives to the selection of the research
methodology and it must answer these questions…
1. It’s testable, flexible, and open-ended
2. You have the evidence necessary to address it
3. It’s possible to break it into resolvable parts
4. It’s precise and clear
5. You don’t use any vague terms that require definitions
6. It’s suitable for the length of your paper
7. You can explain why your solutions matter
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2) Reviewing Literature
• The researcher should undertake extensive literature survey connected with the
problem.
• Best Sources for Literature review
• Abstracting and indexing journals
• Published or unpublished bibliographies
• Academic journals,
• Conference proceedings
• Government reports
• Books
• Outcome of this review will be the knowledge as to what data and other materials are
available for operational purposes.
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3) Setting research questions, objectives, and
hypotheses
• After extensive literature survey, researcher should state in clear terms the working
hypothesis or hypotheses.
• Hypothesis should be very specific and limited to the piece of research in hand because it has
to be tested.
• The role of the hypothesis is to guide the researcher by delimiting the area of research and to
keep him on the right track.
• It also indicates the type of data required and the type of methods of data analysis to be
used.
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4) Choosing the study design
• The research design is the blueprint or framework for fulfilling objectives and
answering research questions.
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5) Choosing Sample Data
• Sampling
• Sampling data
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6) Collecting the Data
• Approach of data collection
depends on
• the objectives of the study
• the research design,
• the availability of time,
money, and personnel.
• With the variation in the type
of data (qualitative or
quantitative) to be collected,
the method of data collection
also varies.
7) Analysing the Data
• Data analysis is a process of cleaning, transforming and modelling data to discover useful
information
• Types of Data Analysis are Text, Statistical, Diagnostic, Predictive, Prescriptive Analysis
• The analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations
✓ Establishment of categories, through coding, tabulation
✓ Drawing statistical inferences.
✓ Finding Patterns in qualitative data, finding the variance.
✓ Data validation to verify if the collected data sample is per the pre-set standards or is
biased.
✓ Testing hypotheses and ensure that analysed data supports it or not. It can be done by
various tests such as chi square test, t-test, F-test .
•
8) Writing the report
• If a hypothesis is tested and upheld several times, it may be possible for the researcher to arrive at
generalisation, i.e., to build a theory. Finally, the researcher has to prepare the report of what has been
done by him. Research report must have…
• Title of the report(Cover Page)
• Table of Content(List of main sections and sub-sections, with page numbers)
• Abstract (A one-paragraph overview of aims, methods, results, and conclusions)
• Introduction (Research aims and objectives, including any hypothesis. Rationale for the study)
• Background to study(Literature Review How your study fits in)
• Methods(How the study was carried out; how data was analysed)
• Results(Presents results objectively, without discussion, illustrations, figures and tables)
• Discussion(Evaluation and discussion of results, any initial hypothesis was supported?)
• Conclusion (Clear and concise conclusion to study)
• References (Alphabetical list of references)
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Importance of Research Process for good research.
• It will help a researcher to identify the similar features that occur in the different
fields, and the variety in the purpose and approaches to some studies.
• Research process will help to understand the implication of deviating from a
systematic approach to research, as well as the associating consequences of
ineffective and ineffectual research.
• It identifies and helps define your focus, method, and goals while also outlining the
research project from start to finish..
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References
• Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques ,Book by C. R. Kothari
• https://www.iedunote.com/research-process
• https://research-methodology.net/research-methodology/research-process/
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Thank You
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