Solution
SCIENCE
Class 07 - Science
1. (a) Hotter to colder
Explanation:
When two objects are in direct contact with each other, heat always flows from hotter
to the colder body bypassing the heat to adjacent molecules.
2.
(b) Copper is a better conductor
Explanation:
Since Copper is a better conductor of heat therefore to allow the food to cook properly,
the bottom of the pan is made up of copper.
3.
(c) To prevent from breaking
Explanation:
When the thermometer is kept in sun or near the flame, it may break due to the
exposure of excess heat that exceeds its maximum range.
4.
(c) Temperature
Explanation:
Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness of a body and is the most reliable
physical quantity.
5.
(c) Container B
Explanation:
Container B
6.
(b) is caused by air currents set up due to convection
Explanation:
is caused by air currents set up due to convection
7. Column A
Column B
a. Clinical thermometer iv. Have kink
b. Laboratory thermometer v. Without kink.
c. Thermos flask i. Maintain the temperature hot or cold
d. Chimney iii. Smoke moves upward
e. Black colour ii. Absorbs light
8. Column A
Column B
(i) Thermometer (d) The device used to measure temperature
(ii) Dark coloured object (e) Good absorber of heat
(iii) Water and air (a) Poor conductor of heat
(iv) Kelvin (c) SI unit of temperature
(v) Heat (b) A form of energy
Column I Column II
9.
Conduction solids
Convection liquids
Radiation requires no medium
Conductors metals
Insulators wood, plastic, wool, air, water
Land breeze night
Sea breeze day time
Dark coloured surface good absorber of heat
Light coloured surface poor absorber of heat
Thermometer a device to measure the degree of hotness
10. Column A Column B
a. Boiling point of water iii. 1000C
0
b. Freezing point of water iv. 0 C
c. Normal body temperature v. 370C
0
d. 300K = ii. 27 C
e. 00 C = i. 273 K
11. The mode of transfer of heat in which molecules of a fluid actually move after talking
heat is called convection. Mostly in liquids and gases (including air) heat is transmitted
by the process of convection.
12. SI unit of temperature is Kelvin (K). Other units are celcius (°C) and fahrenheit (°F).
13. Antiseptic
14. Clinical thermometer is used to measure the body temperature..
15. We get heat from the sun by radiation.
16. Conduction is the method of transfer of heat in most of the solids.
17. Copper and iron
18. Plastic and wood
19. When a tumbler is filled with hot water, thermal energy flows from the tumbler to the
surrounding air. The transfer of heat continues until the hot water and the surrounding
air have the same temperature.
20. a. Expansion of mercury is uniform over a wide range of temperature.
b. Can be seen from outside glass.
c. Does not stick to the glass.
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21. a. 5 C Step 1 1.8 × 5 = 9 Step 2 9 + 32 = 41 F
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b. 20 C Step 1 1.8 × 20 = 36 Step 2 36 + 32 = 68 F
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c. 35 oC Step 1 1.8 × 35 = 63 Step 2 63 + 32 = 95 oF
22. A plastic handle is fitted to a frying pan. Being a good insulator, the plastic handle
remains cool even when the frying pan is burning hot. This helps the cook to handle the
frying pan easily without getting burn injuries.
23. It advised not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading it because the actual
reading of human body temperature will get affected. This is for the reason that level of
Mercury raises due to human body temperature. The standard way to hold the
thermometer is from its top end.
24. The principles behind a thermos flask, like reducing heat transfer through conduction,
convection, and radiation, can be applied to make buildings more energy-efficient,
improve food storage by keeping items fresher for longer, and design electronics that
manage heat better, prolonging device life and efficiency.
25. In a thermos flask, the silvered surfaces reflect radiated heat, vacuum prevents heat
escaping through convection and conduction and the insulated stopper reduces
conduction.
26. Heat is a form of energy. On the other hand, temperature is the degree of hotness and
coldness of a substance. Temperature can be changed by changing providing heat
energy to the body.
27. (i) The thermometer should be kept upright not tilted.
(ii) Bulb should be surrounded from all sides by the substance of which the temperature
is to be measured.
(iii) The bulb should not touch the surface of the container.
28. A house made up of bricks remains cool in summer and does not turn cold in winter
because bricks are porous and trap air. Air being a good heat insulator against
atmospheric temperatures forms an excellent heat-insulating layer. Thus, ambient
temperature (high during summer and low during winter) does not affect the
temperature inside the house.
29. When the vessel is heated at the bottom the particles of water become lighter and rise
up in the middle and cold particles of water which are heavier come down along the
sides of the vessel. Convection currents are set up and water becomes hot.
On the other hand, if heat is applied at the top, the upper portion of water becomes hot
and hot water molecules remain on the upper surface instead of going down. As water
is a bad conductor of heat, the water at the bottom of the vessel remains unaffected.
30. 1. Tungsten
2. Mercury
3. – 10°C to 110°C
4. By definition, temperature is the measurable extent of hotness or coldness. It is a
mathematical representation of heat.
31. A laboratory thermometer is used in laboratories for measuring temperature while
performing experiments.
It consists of a very fine capillary tube, protected by a thick tube called the protected by
a thick glass tube called the stem of the thermometer. The lower end of the capillary
tube is converted into a glass bulb filled with mercury and the upper end of this tube is
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sealed. The stem is marked in oC and oF. The commonly used laboratory thermometers
have a range from - 10oC to 110oC.
When the thermometer is in contact with a hot body the mercury in the capillary tube
expands and rises up. When the thermometer is in contact with a cold body, the
mercury in the capillary tube contracts and falls down
32. (i) Mercury expands more than water.
(ii) Mercury does not stick to the walls of the thermometer like water.
(iii) Mercury can be easily collected when thermometer breaks.
(iv) It shines more than water and can be seen easily in thin glass tube of the
thermometer.
33. 1. As the space shuttle re-enters the Earth’s atmosphere, it encounters friction with air
molecules. This generates heat in the range of approximately 3000 oF. Hence the
space shuttle requires insulation.
2. Pure silica is a very good insulating material and a poor conductor of heat. Hence,
they are used in making tiles.
3. -200 oF, 900 oF and 1120 oF are the temperatures where white tiles can work as
insulation.
34. Dark clothing absorbs heat from the sun. Because light colors allow our skin to breathe
in an easier way and cool us. Dark colors absorb and trap heat making us hotter than we
have to be. Dark objects tend to absorb heat more than light objects so dark clothing in
the winter absorbs heat from the sun and helps keep you warmer.
35.
Similarities :
i. Both consist of a long, narrow, uniform glass tube.
ii. Both have a bulb at one end.
iii. Both contain mercury in the bulb.
iv. Both contain a celsius scale on the glass tube.
Differences :
i. A clinical thermometer reads temperature from 35°C to 42°C, while a laboratory
thermometer ranges between 10°C to 110° C.
ii. Clinical thermometer has a kink near the bulb, while there is no kink in the laboratory
thermometer.
36. 1. 29.5 oC
2. 2. Container K
3. No
37. During the day, the land heats up faster than the sea. So, the air above the land
becomes warmer and rises upwards. The cooler air from above the sea rushes towards
the land and takes its place, resulting in a sea breeze during the day. At night, the
opposite happens. The land cools faster. Therefore, the air above the sea is warmer
than the air over the land. At night, cooler air from the land replaces the warmer air
above the sea resulting in a land breeze.
38.
The air near the heat source gets hot and rises. The air from the sides comes in to take
its place. In this way the air gets heated.
The people in coastal areas experience an interesting phenomenon. During the day, the
land gets heated faster than water. The air over the land becomes hotter and rises up.
The cooler air from the sea rushes in towards the land to take it's place. The warm air
from the land moves towards the sea to complete the cycle. The air from the sea is
called the sea breeze. To receive the cool sea breeze, the windows of the houses in
coastal areas are made to face the sea. At night, it is exactly the reverse. The water
cools down more slowly than land. So, the cool air from the land moves towards the sea.
This is called land breeze.
39. The commonly used clinical thermometer is made up of a narrow tube (capillary) of thick
glass. At the end of the capillary tube is a thin glass bulb filled with mercury. Mercury is a
metal in liquid form at room temperature. As glass is a poor conductor of heat, the wall
of the bulb is kept thin so that transfer of heat between the mercury and its
surroundings can take place easily. The scale in a clinical thermometer extends over a
few degrees on either side of the normal body temperature of 37oC. It can measure
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temperature from 35 C to 42 C. The clinical thermometer is marked to indicate a small
change of 0.2oC. Being a metal, mercury is a good conductor of heat. When it is in
contact with the body, it quickly gains heat and expands. As a result, the mercury moves
upwards in the capillary tube.
40.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
It keeps body warm because air gets trapped in between the layers of clothes. This air
prevents the flow of heat from our body to cold surroundings. As air is a bad conductor
of heat.
41.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
Copper is better conductor of heat then steel therefore, the pan gets hot quickly.
42. (a) Thermometer (i) or (iii) for measuring body temperature and (ii) for measuring the
temperature of boiling water.
Explanation:
Thermometers (i) and (iii) are clinical thermometers used to measure body temperature
and (ii) is laboratory thermometer used to measure the temperature of boiling water or
any object other than the human body.
43.
(c) Convection
Explanation:
Ventilation is extremely necessary as it circulates air in the house. In this process,
convection has the major role, which takes place only in liquids and gases.
44. (a) Convection
Explanation:
Liquid and gas transfer the heat by the process of convection. The molecules near the
heat source get hot and rise up. The molecules from the side come in to take their place.
In this way liquids and gases transfer heat.
45.
(b) Preventing heat loss
Explanation:
In a thermos flask, the hot liquid can be kept as hot and the cold liquid remains cold as
no loss of heat energy takes place. The thermos flask does not allow heat transfer by
any of the three ways that heat can travel from.
46. (a) 32
Explanation:
The temperature at which water starts changing into solid is called freezing point. The
freezing point of water at sea level is 0 degrees Celcius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
47.
(b) 212
Explanation:
The boiling point of pure water at sea level is 212 degrees Fahrenheit and 100 degrees
Celsius.
48.
(d) Insulators
Explanation:
Those substances that do not allow heat to flow through it easily are poor conductors
and they are known as insulators. Example: wood, plastic, etc.
49.
(b)
Explanation:
For accurate measurement of temperature, a laboratory thermometer must be kept
upright not tilted and the bulb should be completely surrounded by the substance of
which the temperature is to be measured. Also, the bulb should not touch the surface of
the container.
50. Fill in the blanks:
(i) Bad
(ii) Poor
(iii)Clinical
(iv)Convection
51. Correct the following statement and rewrite:
(i) Fine ceramics is a good insulator of heat.
(ii) We must put the thermometer in the armpit to measure the temperature of a child.
(iii)The Standard International Unit (SI) for measuring heat is joule.
(iv)The clinical thermometer have constriction.
52. State whether the given statement is True or False:
(i) (a) True
Explanation: {
True
(ii) (b) False
Explanation: {False
(iii)(a) True
Explanation: {True
(iv)(b) False
Explanation: {
False
53. Fill in the blanks:
(i) 1. Poor
(ii) 1. constriction
(iii) 1. Conduction
(iv) 1. thermal
54. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Take three small tubs/containers. Label them as A, B and C. Put cold water in container
A and hot water in container. B. Mix some cold and hot water in container C. Now dip
your left hand in container A and the right hand in container B. After keeping the hands
in the two containers for 2–3 minutes, put both the hands simultaneously in container C.
(i) (c) Thermometer
Explanation:
Thermometer
(ii) (c) 37°C
Explanation:
37°C
(iii)(d) All of these
Explanation:
All of these
(iv) 1. Temperature
(v) (b) False
Explanation:
False
55. (a) conduction
Explanation:
conduction
56. (d) poor conductor of heat
Explanation:
poor conductor of heat
57. (a) Plastic
Explanation:
Plastic
58. 1. conductors
59. (a) True
Explanation:
True
