HEAT

HEAT

I. Choose the best answer:

1. Which of the following is a good conductor of heat?

(a) Iron
(b) Steel
(c) Aluminium
(d) All of these

2. A device used to measure the temperature is

(a) transistor
(b) thermometer
(c) mercury
(d) none of these

3. Which of the following thermometers has a kink?

(a) Laboratory thermometer
(b) Clinical thermometer
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Digital thermometer
4. What is the range of the temperature reading of a clinical thermometer?
(a) 35°C – 42°C
(b) -10°C – 110°C
(c) 0°C – 100°C
(d) 32°C – 42°C
5. Which of the following thermometer contains mercury?
(a) Clinical thermometer
(b) Laboratory thermometer
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
6. What is the range of the temperature reading of a laboratory thermometer?
(a) -10°C – 110°C
(b) 35°C – 42°C
(c) 0°C – 100°C
(d) -10°C – 100°C
7. The transfer of heat from hotter body to colder body is called
(a) conduction
(b) induction
(c) convection
(d) radiation
8. The process of transferring of heat without any contact between the source of heat and the
heated object is called
(a) conduction
(b) convection
(c) radiation
(d) induction
9. The normal temperature of human body is
(a) 35°C
(b) 37°C
(c) 40°C
(d) 42°C
10. The materials which allow the heat to pass through them easily are called
(a) insulators
(b) conductors

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(c) semiconductors
(d) poor conductors
11. Which of the following is an insulator?
(a) Wood
(b) Iron
(c) Copper
(d) Zinc
12. The air from the sea is called
(a) sea breeze
(b) land breeze
(c) wind
(d) none of these
13. Which colour absorbs more heat?
(a) Black
(b) White
(c) Blue
(d) Red
14. What is the SI unit of temperature?
(a) Kelvin
(b) Celsius
(c) Fahrenheit
(d) None of these
15. Which one is filled in the bulb of a thermometer?
(a) Mercury
(b) Lead
(c) Copper
(d) Silver
16. A marble tile would feel cold as compared to a wooden tile on a winter morning, because the
marble tile
(a) is a better conductor of heat than the wooden tile.
(b) is polished while wooden tile is not polished.
(c) reflects more heat than wooden tile.
(d) is a poor conductor of heat than the wooden tile.
17. A beggar wrapped himself with a few layers of newspaper on a cold winter night. This helped
him to keep himself warm because
(a) friction between the layers of newspaper produces heat.
(b) air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.
(c) newspaper is a conductor of heat.
(d) newspaper is at a higher temperature than the temperature of the surrounding.
18. Sonu and Ria measured their body temperature Sonu found his to be 98.6°F and Ria
recorded 37°C.
Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Sonu has a higher body temperature than Ria.
(b) Sonu has a lower body temperature than Ria.
(c) Both have normal body temperature.
(d) Both are suffering from fever.
19. Boojho has three thermometers as shown in Figure 4.1. He wants to measure the
temperature of his body and that of boiling water. Which thermometer (s) should he choose?

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(a) Thermometer (i) or (iii) for measuring body temperature and (ii) for measuring the temperature of
boiling water.

(b) Thermometer (i) for measuring the temperature of both.

(c) Thermometer (ii) for measuring the temperature of both.

(d) Thermometer (iii) for measuring the temperature of both.

20. Four arrangements to measure the temperature of the ice in a beaker with laboratory
thermometer are shown in Figure 4.2 (a, b, c and d). Which one of them shows the correct
arrangement for accurate measurement of temperature?

21. Fig 4.3 (a–d) shows a student reading a doctor’s thermometer. Which of the figure indicates
the correct method of reading temperature?

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22. Figure 4.4. (a–d) shows the readings on four different thermometers. Indicate which of the
reading shows the normal human body temperature.

23. Land breeze blows from

(a) lower surface to upper surface
(b) sea to land
(c) upper surface to lower surface
(d) land to sea
24. Liquid used in thermometers is
(a) alcohol
(b) mercury
(c) water
(d) oil
25. Liquids and gases transfer the heat by
(a) radiation
(b) conduction
(c) convection
(d) all of these

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26. Metals are conductors of heat.

(a) average
(b) poor
(c) good
(d) some are poor conductors
27. Woollen clothes
(a) keep us cool
(b) decrease the body temperature
(c) increase the body temperature
(d) keep us warm
28. Degree of hotness or coldness is called
(a) temperature
(b) power
(c) heat
(d) energy
29. Sunlight reaches the earth’s surface through
(a) convection
(b) radiation
(c) conduction
(d) radio waves
30. Heat is
(a) a form of energy
(b) a type of matter
(c) sometimes energy and sometimes matter
(d) none of these
31. The normal temperature of human body is
(a) 37 K
(b) 37°F
(c) 37°C
(d) All of these
32. In solids, heat transfer takes place primarily due to
(a) conduction
(b) convection
(c) radiation
(d) none of these
33. Which material is a poor conductor of heat?

a) Aluminum

b) Copper

c) Wool

d) Iron

34. What prevents the mercury level from falling in a clinical thermometer when removed from
the mouth?

a) The bulb

b) The glass tube

c) The kink

d) The scale
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35. Heat transfer that does not require a medium is called?

a) Conduction

b) Convection

c) Radiation

d) Reflection

36. What is the primary reason woollen clothes keep us warm?

a) They are made from animal fibres.

b) They are tightly woven.

c) They trap air.

d) They are thick.

37. Which scale is used in India for measuring temperature as mentioned in the NCERT
textbook?

a) Kelvin

b) Fahrenheit

c) Celsius

d) Rankine

38. Which type of clothes do we prefer to wear in summer according to NCERT?

a) Dark-coloured

b) Thick

c) Light-coloured

d) Woolen

39. What type of thermometer is used to measure body temperature?

a) Laboratory thermometer

b) Digital thermometer

c) Clinical thermometer

d) Weather thermometer

40. According to NCERT, which type of breeze occurs at night at coastal areas?

a) Sea breeze

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b) Land breeze

c) Solar breeze

d) Lunar breeze

41. What happens to the water at the bottom of a flask when heated from below?

a) It cools down

b) It evaporates

c) It rises

d) It condenses

42. Which part of the clinical thermometer contains mercury?

a) The tube

b) The scale

c) The bulb

d) The cap

43. What phenomenon explains why hot water rises?

a) Conduction

b) Convection

c) Radiation

d) Expansion

44. Why are light-coloured clothes more comfortable in the summer?

a) They absorb more heat

b) They do not absorb heat

c) They reflect most of the heat

d) They are generally looser

45. What is the purpose of the kink in a clinical thermometer?

a) To prevent mercury from rising too high

b) To keep the thermometer straight

c) To prevent mercury from falling back

d) To increase the accuracy of the reading

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46. Why should a clinical thermometer not be used to measure high temperatures?

a) It can break easily

b) It does not have a high enough range

c) It is not accurate enough

d) It can melt

47. What should you do if mercury from a thermometer is spilled?

a) Clean it with water

b) Leave it as it is

c) Collect it with a brush

d) Treat it as hazardous and follow proper disposal procedures

48. Why stainless steel pans are often provided with copper bottoms?

a) To improve heat conduction

b) To make them look more attractive

c) To make them easier to clean

d) To increase their weight

49. Why is convection not possible in solids?

a) Molecules are too far apart

b) Molecules cannot move freely

c) Solids are too dense

d) Heat does not affect solids

50. What is radiation?

a) Movement of heat through a fluid

b) Direct transfer of heat through a material

c) Transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves

d) Generation of heat within an object

51. What happens to the molecules of a substance when it is heated?

a) They come closer together

b) They stop moving

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c) They move faster and spread apart

d) They change state from solid to liquid

52. What property of dark-coloured clothes makes them suitable for winter?

a) They reflect sunlight

b) They absorb more heat

c) They are usually made from thicker material

d) They repel cold air

53. Why do we use a clinical thermometer for measuring body temperature?

a) It is less expensive

b) It has a high range

c) It is designed for accurate readings of body temperature

d) It can also measure room temperature

54. Why should the bulb of a thermometer not touch the sides of the container?

a) To prevent it from breaking

b) To ensure accurate measurement

c) To prevent heat transfer to the container

d) To avoid contamination

55. What does it mean if two objects at different temperatures are brought into contact?

a) Heat will flow from the warmer to the cooler object

b) The cooler object will transfer heat to the warmer one

c) They will not exchange heat

d) Heat will flow equally between the two objects

56. Why is mercury used in thermometers?

a) It is inexpensive

b) It has a high boiling point

c) It is visible and expands uniformly

d) It is a solid at room temperature

57. What is a land breeze?

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a) Air moving from the sea to the land

b) Warm air moving from the land to the sea

c) Cool air moving from the land to the sea at night

d) Hot air rising over the sea

58. What does a sea breeze bring?

a) Warm air from the sea during the day

b) Cool air from the sea during the night

c) Hot air from the land

d) Moisture from the sea

59. Why do people living in coastal areas experience sea breezes?

a) The sea absorbs heat more quickly than the land

b) The land heats up and cools down more quickly than the sea

c) The sea is always cooler than the land

d) The land is hotter during the night

60. What causes convection currents in water?

a) Water heating up uniformly

b) Hot water rising and cold water sinking

c) All parts of the water heating up at the same rate

d) Cold water rising to the surface

61. Which of the following is not a method of heat transfer?

a) Conduction

b) Convection

c) Compression

d) Radiation

62. What is an insulator?

a) A material that allows heat to pass through easily

b) A material that does not allow heat to pass through easily

c) A device used to measure temperature

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d) A type of thermometer

63. What type of heat transfer is experienced when you feel the heat from a fire without touching
it?

a) Conduction

b) Convection

c) Radiation

d) Reflection

64. Which material is considered a good conductor of heat?

a) Plastic

b) Wood

c) Copper

d) Wool

65. Why does hot air rise?

a) It is denser than cold air

b) It is less dense than cold air

c) It is attracted to colder regions

d) It contains more moisture

66. What device is used to measure temperature?

a) Barometer

b) Thermometer

c) Calorimeter

d) Hygrometer

67. Which phenomenon explains why it is cooler at the seaside during the day?

a) Radiation

b) Conduction

c) Sea breeze

d) Land breeze

68. What is advised to wear in summer to keep cool according to the NCERT text?

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a) Tight clothing

b) Dark coloured clothing

c) Light coloured clothing

d) Thermal wear

69. What happens to the molecules in a substance when it cools down?

a) They move faster

b) They expand

c) They slow down and contract

d) They change from liquid to solid

70. Why are buildings in hot climates often painted white?

a) To reflect heat

b) To absorb heat

c) To prevent UV radiation

d) To look aesthetically pleasing

71. What kind of thermometer is used to measure very high temperatures that are not suitable for
clinical thermometers?

a) Digital thermometer

b) Glass thermometer

c) Laboratory thermometer

d) Infrared thermometer

72. Why is it recommended to wear several layers of clothing in winter?

a) It looks fashionable

b) Multiple layers trap air, which is a good insulator

c) It is lighter than wearing one thick layer

d) It allows one layer to absorb all the cold

73. How does heat travel from the sun to the earth?

a) Conduction

b) Convection

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c) Radiation

d) Contraction

74. What should you do before reading a clinical thermometer?

a) Shake it down to ensure mercury is at a low level

b) Heat it up

c) Cool it down

d) Wipe it with a wet cloth

75. Why are copper bottoms used on stainless steel pans?

a) Copper is heavier than steel

b) Copper is a better conductor of heat

c) Copper is cheaper than steel

d) Copper is easier to clean

76. Which of the following is true about radiation?

a) It requires a physical medium

b) It can occur in a vacuum

c) It only occurs in liquids

d) It is the slowest method of heat transfer

77. What effect does the colour of clothing have in terms of heat absorption?

a) Color has no effect on heat absorption

b) Dark colors absorb more heat

c) Light colors absorb more heat

d) All colors absorb heat equally

78. Why does mercury in a thermometer rise or fall?

a) Due to the container’s material

b) Due to the temperature of the environment

c) Due to pressure changes

d) Due to the colour of the mercury

79. What is the main function of the kink in a clinical thermometer?

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a) To make it easier to handle

b) To prevent mercury from falling back too quickly

c) To increase the temperature range

d) To reduce the amount of mercury used

80. Which of the following materials is a good insulator?

a) Metal

b) Glass

c) Plastic

d) Copper

81. In which of the statement is or are correct about “thermometer”?

a) Don’t hold the thermometer by the bulb
b) Don’t wash thermometer by any liquid
c) Don’t jerks the thermometer before use
d) Don’t use clinical thermometer for the person who works in sunlight

82. Clinical thermometer can be break

a) When kept in Sun
b) When hits by hard object
c) When dipped in hot
d) All the above

83. Boojho wonders why the level of mercury should change at all when the bulb of the
thermometer is brought in contact with another object.
a) Because mercury is a liquid material
b) Because bulb have no kink
c) Temperature of object may not same as mercury
d) Every object has different temperature

84. Paheli wants to know that what would happen if the temperature of two objects are same?
a) Heat transfer will be occurred between two objects
b) Heat transfer will not be occurred between two objects
c) Sometimes heat transfer sometimes not in both
d) No net energy transfer between two bodies

85. Boojho wants to know that when a cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. It transfer
heat to its other end by the process of
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Semi convection

86. Which of the following is a poor conductor of heat?

a) Silver
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b) Aluminum
c) Brass
d) Tungsten

87. Who invented thermos flask?.

a) Sir James Dewar
b) Sir Isaac Newton
c) Sir Thomas Alva Edison
d) Sir Antoine Lavoisier

88. Which of the following statement is or are incorrect?

a) Joule (J) is the SI unit of Temperature.
b) Air, water and wood are the poor conductor of heat.
c) Movement of molecule of liquid possible through convection.
d) None of the above.

89. Which of the following statement is or are incorrect?

a) Mercury expands easily on heating.
b) Mercury is easily visible being shining and opaque.
c) Mercury is considered as toxic substance.
d) Mercury is the liquid non-metal

90. Which type of heat transfer is actually minimized when using a thermo flask?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) All the above.

91. Paheli wants to know about “heat”. Heat is

a) Form of energy
b) A type of matter
c) Neither energy nor matter
d) A form of fire

92. “We should avoid keeping the thermometer in the sun or near a flame”: Why?
a) Automatically it may break
b) It measures flame temperature
c) Sun temperature can be measured
d) Vapour can create under thermometer

93. In which of the statement is or are correct?

a) Doctor’s thermometer is a device which measures our body temperature.
b) The maximum-minimum is a device which measures the temperature of any objects.
c) Laboratory thermometer is used to measure the temperature of laboratory objects.
d) None of the above

94. Wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice cream. Its other end
a) Becomes cold by the process of conduction
b) Becomes cold by the process of convection
c) Becomes cold by the process of radiation

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d) Does not become cold

95. Boojho has three thermometers. He wants to measure the temperature of his body and that
of boiling water. Which thermometer(s) should he choose?
a) Clinical thermometer for measuring body tem. and laboratory thermometer for measuring the
tem. of boiling water
b) Clinical thermometer for measuring temperature of both.
c) Laboratory thermometer for measuring temperature of both.
d) Digital thermometer for measuring temperature of both.

96. Paheli wants to measure the body temperature of Boojho. She got 36.4 degree Celsius, 37.4
degree Celsius and 36.6 degree Celsius in first, second and third times respectively. What is
the average body temperature of Boojho?
a) 37.8 degree Celsius
b) 36.4 degree Celsius
c) 37.4 degree Celsius
d) 36.8 degree Celsius

97. An iron ball at 40 degree Celsius is dropped in a mug containing water at 40 degree Celsius.
The heat will
a) Flow from iron ball to water
b) Not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball
c) Flow from water to iron ball
d) Increase the temperature of both

98. Once in a summer day, Paheli keeps an iron chair in sunlight. After few hours, iron chair gets
heated because
a) Heat is transferred by conduction
b) Heat is transferred by convection
c) Heat is transferred by radiation
d) Heat is transferred by all the process

99. Read the following statement carefully and choose which statement(s) are correct?
a) Clothes of white colour absorb more heat than blue colours.
b) Iron is the better conductor of heat than aluminium.
c) Our body is a poor conductor of electricity.
d) None of the above

100. It is advised not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading it
a) Bulb can be burst
b) Thermometer will not work
c) Level of mercury decrease
d) None of the above

101. At a campsite there are tents of three shades. One made with black fabric and other is white
fabric and one is black and white combination. Which will you prefer for resting on a hot
summer afternoon?
a) Black fabric
b) White fabric

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c) Combination of both
d) None of the above.

102. One litre of water at 30 degree Celsius is mixed with one litre of water at 50 degree Celsius.
The temperature of the mixture will be
a) 80 degree Celsius
b) More than 50 degree Celsius but less than 80 degree Celsius
c) 20 degree Celsius
d) Between 30 degree Celsius and 50 degree Celsius
103. Cooking Utensils Are Made Of Metals Because They Are

a) Durable

b) Malleable

c) Good conductors of heat

d) Do not break on heating

104. Wooden Spoon Is Used To Prepare Vegetables Its Other End

a) Becomes hot due to conduction

b) Becomes hot due to conviction

c) Does not become hot

d) Both [A] and [B].

105. Convection May Occur Through

a) Solids, liquids

b) Liquids, gases

c) Solids, gases

d) Solids, liquids, gases

106. In Which Of The Statement Is Or Incorrect?

a) A clinical thermometer consists a non-uniform glass tube.

b) Thermometric liquids can be seen in clinical thermometer.

c) The temperature of every person may not be 37 degree Celsius.

d) All the above

107. Boojho wants to know that why it is advised to use digital thermometer?

a) It is cheap and available everywhere.

b) As a digital it does not require any contact to measuring temperature.

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c) It does not use of mercury

d) Every point can be seen by a “beep sound”.

108. Paheli wants to know that is it possible to construct building which are not affected by heat?

a) Building made by soil

b) Wooden bricks are used in the building

c) Hollow bricks are used for making building

d) White coloured cement bricks are used in building

109. Wooden spoon is dipped in a cup of ice cream. Its other end

a) Becomes cold by the process of conduction

b) Becomes cold by the process of convection

c) Becomes cold by the process of radiation

d) Does not become cold

110. An iron ball at 40 degree Celsius is dropped in a mug containing water at 40 degree
Celsius. The heat will

a) Flow from iron ball to water

b) Not flow from iron ball to water or from water to iron ball

c) Flow from water to iron ball

d) Increase the temperature of both

111. The direction of flow of heat is

A) always from hotter body to a cooler body

B) always from cooler body to a hotter body.

C) always from a body at a lower temperature to a body at higher temperature

D) All of the above

112. Which of the following devices is used for measurement of temperature of human body?

A) Stethoscope

B) Clinical thermometer

C) Laboratory thermometer

D) None of these

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113. The clinical thermometers presently in use in India are marked with a temperature scale.
This scale corresponds to which of the following?

A) Celsius

B) Farenheit

C) Both (a) and (b)

D) None of these

114. The flow of heat by conduction is generally observed in case of

A) solids

B) liquids

C) gases

D) All of these

115. In which mode of heat transfer does the transfer of heat occur as a wave?

A) Conduction

B) Convection

C) Radiation

D) All of these

116. One feels sensation of heat when exposed to

A) ultra violet rays

B) infra-red rays

C) X-rays

D) gamma rays

117. In sea breeze

A) cold air moves from sea towards land during day time

B) hot air moves from sea towards land during day time

C) cold air moves from land towards sea during day time

D) None of the above is correct

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118. In land breeze

A) cold air moves from sea towards land during night.

B) hot air moves from sea towards land during night.

C) cold air moves from land towards sea during night.

D) None of the above is correct

119. Mercury is generally used in thermometer because it has a

A) high fluidity

B) high density

C) high conductivity

D) high specific heat

120. Nights are cooler in the deserts because

A) sand radiates heat less quickly as compared to earth

B) the sky is generally clear

C) sand radiates heat more quickly as compared to earth

D) the sky is generally cloudy.

121. Seema is in a hurry and wants her noodles to cool down faster. She should put it on a plate
made of

A) wood

B) paper

C) plastic

D) metal

122. On a Fahrenheit scale

A) Boiling point of water is 212∘F

B) The temperature will be equal to that on the Celsius scale at −40∘C

C) The difference between the upper fixed point and the lower fixed point is divided into 180
equal parts

D) All of the above

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123. On a cold day, it is hard to open the lid of a tight container. But when you gently heat the
neck you can easily open the lid. Why?

A) On heating glass expands and lid contracts

B) Lid expands more than the neck and thus slides easily

C) Neck becomes slippery on heating

D) Lids of the bottles cannot bear the heat

124. Process of change of state from gaseous state to liquid state is called

A) freezing

B) sublimation

C) boiling

D) condensation

125. When two bodies at different temperatures are placed in thermal contact with each other,
heat flows from the body at higher temperature to the body at lower temperature until them
both acquire the same temperature. Assuming that there is no loss of heat to the
surroundings, the heat

A) gained by the hotter body will be equal to the heat lost by the colder body

B) the heat gained by the hotter body will be less than the heat lost by the colder body

C) the heat gained by the hotter body will be greater than the heat lost by the colder body

D) the heat lost by the hotter body will be equal to the heat gained by the colder body.

126. Conduction is possible

A) when the bodies are apart from each other

B) when the bodies have same temperature and in thermal contact

C) when they have different temperatures maintaining distance between them

D) bodies should be in contact and should have different temperatures

127. It is a reliable measure of degree of hotness of an object. It is

A) heat

B) temperature

C) Both of these

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D) None of these

128. The movement of cold air from sea towards land during daytime is called

A) air breeze

B) sea breeze

C) land breeze

D) None of these

129. In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer walls of houses be painted white.

A) White color is good reflector. So the heat falling on the wall gets reflected and wall is not
heated

B) White makes the wall look beautiful

C) Other colors will be expensive

D) None of the above

130. On which of the following scales of temperature, the temperature is never negative?

A) Celsius

B) Fahrenheit

C) Reamer

D) Kelvin

131. The smallest and old unit of heat energy is:

A) Calorie

B) Calorie

C) Joule

D) none of the above

132. Near coastal regions, the sea breeze blows:

A) during day time only

B) during night time only

C) throughout the day and night

D) none of the above

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133. In a vacuum flask, which methods of heat transfer are prevented by the vacuum?

A) Conduction only

B) Convection only

C) Conduction and convection only

D) Conduction, convection and radiation

134. It is a mode of transfer of heat from one part of a substance to another part and in it there is
no movement of the substance. This mode is

A) Conduction

B) Convection

C) Radiation

D) all of these

135. For a clinical thermometer we use a solid and a liquid. The liquid used in a clinical
thermometer is

A) a metal

B) a non-metal

C) neither a metal nor a non-metal

D) none of the above is correct

136. Black objects are

A) good absorbers and bad emitters of heat

B) good absorbers and good emitters of heat

C) bad absorbers and good emitters of heat

D) bad absorbers and bad emitters of heat

137. Four identical kettles, having the same amount of water, have bases made of different
metals of same thickness. If these kettles are placed on identical flames, water will boil first in
the kettle the base of which is made of

A) Stainless steel

B) brass

C) Aluminum

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D) copper

138. The glass tube used for construction of a thermometer should be

A) long

B) narrow

C) uniform

D) All of these

139. When a liquid in a beaker is heated on a gas burner

A) Heated molecules become less dense and rise

B) Colder molecules from above move down and get heated

C) The heat is transferred by convection

D) All of these are correct

140. Two laboratory thermometers are marked as 'A' and 'B'. The bulb of thermometer 'A' is
wrapped in a white cloth and that of thermometer 'B' in black cloth. Both the thermometers
are placed in sunlight for an hour. After one hour:

A) Both the thermometers will read the same temperature

B) Thermometer 'A' will show higher temperature than 'B'

C) Thermometer 'B' will show higher temperature than 'A'

D) None of the above is correct.

141. Which one of the following will not help to cool down a cup of hot tea?

A) Stirring the contents of cup continuously

B) Adding a piece of ice to the cup of hot tea

C) Pouring the hot tea in a saucer

D) Adding more sugar to the cup of tea.

142. In a car, radiator and fan are used to cool the engine. The heat transfer modes involved are

A) conduction and convection

B) convection and radiation

C) conduction and radiation

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D) conduction, convection and radiation

143. Why are two blankets warmer than one?

A) Two blankets have more wool and hence provide greater warmth.

B) Two blankets enclose air which does not allow the cold to penetrate.

C) Two blankets compress the air in between the body and the blankets and this compression
produces heat.

D) None of these.

144. The freezer in a refrigerator is fitted near the top

A) To keep it away from the hot compressor which is near the bottom?

B) so that it can cool the whole interior by setting up convection currents

C) for the sake of convenience

D) None of these

145. We cannot use mercury thermometer at low temperatures because:

A) glass might break down at low temperature

B) heat does not flow from the body whose measurement we are taking with the thermometer

C) at low temperatures mercury becomes transparent and it becomes difficult to take the
readings

D) Mercury freezes at low temperatures

146. Rooms are fitted with ventilators to let the air move around. The phenomenon involved is:

A) conduction

B) convection

C) radiation

D) condensation
147. The maximum and minimum temperatures of a day are measured with a
a) CelsiusThermometer
b) FahrenheitThermometer
c) Maximum-minimum thermometer
d) KelvinThermometer

148. The process by which heat flows from the hotter end to colder end of an object is called
(a) Conduction
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(b) Convection
(c) Radiation
(d) Vaporisation

149. The process by which transfer of heat takes place by the actual movement of particles from
one part of the body to another part is called
(a) Conduction
(b) Convection
(c) Radiation
(d) Vaporization

150. The transfer of heat which does not require any medium is called
(a) Conduction
(b) Convection
(c) Radiation
(d) Vaporization

151. What is the SI unit of temperature?

(a) Kelvin
(b) Celsius
(c) Fahrenheit
(d) None of these

152. The process of transferring of heat without any contact between the source of heat and the
heated object is called
(a) conduction
(b) convection
(c) radiation
(d) induction

153. Mercury is generally used in thermometer because it has a

a. High fluidity
b. High density
c. High conductivity
d. High specific heat

154. On a Fahrenheit scale

(a) Boiling point of water is 212°F

(b) The temperature will be equal to that on the Celsius scale at −40°C

(c) The difference between the upper fixed point and the lower fixed point is divided into 180 equal parts

(d) All of the above

155. 10°C is equal to

(a) 273K

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(b) 263K

(c) 283K

(d) 183K

156. A copper ball at 50°C is dropped in a mug containing water at 50°C.The heat will:

(a) Flow from the copper ball to water.

(b) Not flow from copper ball to water or from water to copper ball.

(c) Flow from water to copper ball.

(d) Increase the temperature of both.

157. A wooden spoon is dipped in a glass of hot water. Its other end:

(a) Becomes hot due to the process of conduction.

(b) Becomes hot due to the process of convection.

(c) Becomes hot due to the process of radiation.

(d) Does not become hot.

158. Why Vinay’s body facing the fire got hot while the side facing away from the fire stays cold
because of:
(a) The transfer of heat by convection
(b) The transfer of heat by radiation
(c) The transfer of heat by conduction
(d) All of the above
159. If heater is placed at a height, then:
(a) cold air above this height will not be heated by heater
(b) the hot air comes down to get heat from heater
(c) cold air below this height will not be heated by heater
(d) cold air rises up in the room to get heated.
160. In a construction site, the builders made plans to construct buildings that are comfortableto
live both in summers and winters. It is made possible by :

(a) Constructing ventilators.

(b) Using hollow bricks.

(c) Painting light colour on outer walls in summer.

(d) All of these.

161. Two containers, A and B are having water at 100°C. Container B is covered with a woollen
cloth. The water in container:

(a) B cools faster than that of A.

(b) A cools faster than that of B.

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(c) A cools at the same rate as that of B.

(d) Both A and B remain hot

162. Expansion of a substance on heating depends on

(a) Nature of the substance

(b) Rise intemperature

(c) Both a and b

(d) Colour of the substance

II. Fill in the blanks

1. A reliable measure of the hotness of an object is known as ……………..

2. …………….. is used to measure the hotness or coldness of our body.
3. Boiling and melting point of water is …………….. and …………….. respectively.
4. The transfer of heat from hotter body to colder body is called ……………..
5. The normal temperature of human body is …………….. °C.
6. …………….. is a good conductor of heat.
7. …………….. is the SI unit of temperature.
8. …………….. prevents mercury level from falling on its own.
9. The materials which allow heat to pass through them easily are ……………..
10. Plastic is a …………….. conductor of heat.
11. The air from the land is called …………….. breeze.
12. …………….. surface absorb more heat.
13. All hot bodies radiate ……………..
14. The range of clinical thermometer is ……………..
15. Heat transfer in liquid and gas occurs through a process called ……………..
16. The cold air blowing from the sea towards the land during the day is called
……………………..
17. Wool is a …………………….. conductor of heat.
18. The hot bodies radiate ……………………..
19. Clothes of dark colours are better …………………….. of heat than the clothes of light colour.
20. The hotness of a body is determined by its ……………………..
21. Laboratory thermometers lack ……………………..
22. Digital thermometers do not contain ……………………..
23. Heat transfer by …………………….. does not require any medium.
24.Temperature of boiling water cannot be measured by a_____________ thermometer.

25.The hotness of an object is established by its __________.

26.Temperature is measured in degrees ______________.

27.No medium is required for the transfer of heat by the process of__________.

28.A cold steel spoon is dipped in a cup of hot milk. Heat is transferred to its other end by the
process of ______________.

29.Clothes of ______________ colours absorb more heat better than clothes of light colours.
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III. True or False

1. We wear white clothes in summer to radiate heat from the body.
2. Sea breeze and land breeze occur due to convection currents set up in the air.
3. The heat from sun reaches us through convection.
4. Conduction is a process of heat transfer in which vibrating particles give energy to the
neighbouring ones.
5. A reliable measure for the hotness of an object is called Kelvin.
6. The thermometer used to measure the temperature of our body is called a clinical
thermometer.
7. A clinical thermometer reads temperature from 0°C to 30°C.
8. The average normal temperature of the human body is 98.6°F.
9. The maximum and minimum temperature of the days, reported in weather reports is
measured by ‘maximum-minimum thermometer’.
10.The range of a laboratory thermometer is generally from -20°C to 100°C.
11.The ‘kink’ present in a clinical thermometer prevents the mercury level from falling on its own.
12.Mercury is a toxic substance.
13.Digital thermometers do not use mercury.
14.In every case, heat flows from a hot object to a hotter one.
15.Heat can cause expansion or combustion of an object.
16.Water at higher temperatures feels more hot.
17.Water and air both are good conductors of heat.
18.We prefer to wear-light coloured clothes in winter.
19.In convection, heat flows from one point to the other in such a way that there is actual motion
of the particles of the medium.
20.Normal temperature of human body is 37°F.
21.Mercury is safe and non-toxic.
22.Land breeze blows during daytime.
23.Dark coloured clothes absorb more heat

IV. Match the following

Column I Column II

1. Sea breeze (a) Night time

2. Conductors (b) Day time

3. Insulators (c) Requires no medium

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4. Thermometer (d) Poor absorbers of heat

5. Conduction (e) Requires fluid medium

6. Radiation (f) Wood, plastic, wool, air, water

7. Dark-coloured surfaces (g) Requires solid medium

8. Light-coloured surfaces (h) Metals

9. Land breeze (i) Good absorbers of heat

(j) A device to measure the degree of

10. Convection
hotness

Column A Column B

1. Insulator (a) Conductor

2. Metals (b) Rubber

3. Light coloured clothes (c) Winter

4. Dark coloured clothes (d) Clinical thermometer

5. Kink (e) Summer

Match the following :

(i) Land breeze blows during (a) Summer

(ii) Sea breeze blows during (b) Winter

(iii) Dark coloured clothes are preferred during (c) Day

(iv) Light-coloured clothes are preferred during (d) Night

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V. Assertion and reason:

Directions

Directions:The question below consists of an assertion and a Reason. Use the following key
to choose the appropriate answer.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

1. Assertion (A) : Radiation is a method of transfer of heat.

Reason (R) : The process of heat transfer that does not require any medium is called
convection.

2. Assertion (A) : Temperature is a measure of degree of hotness of our body.

Reason (R): We use a clinical thermometer to measure the degree of hotness of our body.

3. Assertion (A) : Heat always flows from a larger object to a smaller object.
Reason (R) : Various modes by which heat can flow are conduction, convection and
radiation.

4. Assertion (A) : A clinical thermometer has a scale in the range of 37^∘ C to 45^∘ C
Reason (R) : The normal temperature of human body is 37^∘ C.

5. Assertion (A) : Sea breeze refers to the movement of cold air from sea towards sea during
time.
Reason (R) : Land breeze refers to the movement of cold air from land towards sea during
night time.

6. Assertion (A) : Telephone wires sag more in summer.

Reason (R) : They expand due to summer heat.

7. Assertion (A) : Glass tumbler breaks in winter when hot water is water to it.
Reason (R) : When hot water is poured, the outer surface of glass expands.

8. Assertion (A) : When metallic objects are touched in winter, they give a colder sensation as
compared to wooden objects.
Reason (R) : Metals conduct heat faster than wood.

9. Assertion(A) : the thermometer which measure our body temperature is called clinical
thermometer.
Reason(R) : thermometer is short broad uniform glass tube.
10. Assertion(A) : the normal temperature of human body is 25 degree celcius.
Reason(R) : the reason is because room temperature is 37 degree celcius.

11. Assertion(A) : the aluminium, iron and copper are bad conductor of heat.
Reason(R) : the material thorugh which heat is passed known as good conductors of heat.

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12. Assertion(A) : dark coloured objects absorb more heat than the light coloured object.
Reason(R) : we feel more comfortable in light coloured clothes in the summer.

VI. Very short questions:

Question: 1 What is conduction?

Answer: Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material without the movement of the material
itself. It occurs when heat energy is passed from one particle to another through direct contact.

Question: 2 What is convection?

Answer: Convection is the transfer of heat in fluids (liquids or gases) where warmer, less dense
regions rise and cooler, denser regions sink, creating a circulation of heat.

Question: 3 What are conductors?

Answer: Conductors are materials that allow heat to pass through them easily. Examples include
metals like copper and aluminum.

Question: 4 What are insulators?

Answer: Insulators are materials that do not allow heat to pass through them easily. Examples
include wood, plastic, and rubber.

Question: 5 How does heat transfer in solids?

Answer: In solids, heat transfer primarily occurs through conduction, where heat energy is passed
from one particle to another through direct contact.

Question: 6 Do all hot bodies radiate heat?

Answer: Yes, all hot bodies radiate heat in the form of infrared radiation, which is a type of
electromagnetic wave.

Question: 7 In which direction does the smoke go?

Answer: Smoke tends to rise upwards because it is warmer and less dense than the surrounding
air, which is an example of convection.

Question: 8 What do you mean by temperature?

Answer: Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It
indicates how hot or cold a substance is.

Question: 9 Which device is used to measure temperature?

Answer: A thermometer is used to measure temperature.

Question: 10 What is that silver stuff in a thermometer?

Answer: The silver stuff in a traditional thermometer is mercury, which expands and contracts with
changes in temperature.

Question: 11 What is the unit of temperature as adopted by India?

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Answer: In India, the Celsius scale (°C) is commonly used as the unit of temperature.

Question: 12 What is the normal temperature of a human being?

Answer: The normal body temperature of a human being is around 37°C (98.6°F).

Question: 13 What is the range of a laboratory thermometer?

Answer: The range of a laboratory thermometer typically varies, but it is usually between -10°C to
110°C.

Question: 14 What are conductors of heat?

Answer: Conductors of heat are materials that allow heat to pass through them easily, such as
metals like copper and aluminum.

Question: 15 What is a clinical thermometer?

Answer: A clinical thermometer is a device used to measure the body temperature of humans or
animals, usually with a range from 35°C to 42°C.

Question: 16 How does the heat travel in air?

Answer: In air, heat travels primarily through convection, where warmer air rises and cooler air
sinks, creating a circulation of heat.

Question: 17 What do you understand by heat?

Answer: Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between objects or systems due to a
temperature difference. It is associated with the motion of particles in a substance and can cause
changes in temperature, state, or volume.

Question: 18 How do insulators work?

Answer: Insulators work by restricting the flow of heat. They have tightly packed particles that do
not allow heat to pass through easily, thereby reducing heat transfer.

Question: 19 What is thermal conductivity?

Answer: Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material’s ability to conduct heat, indicating how
quickly heat can be transferred through the material.

Question: 20 Why does the level of mercury rise in a thermometer when in contact with a hot
object?
Answer: The mercury expands when heated, causing its level to rise in the thermometer.

Question: 21 Why do shopkeepers cover ice blocks with jute sacks?

Answer: Jute sacks act as insulators, slowing down the melting of ice blocks.

Question: 22 Why are radiators in cars painted black?

Answer: Black surfaces absorb more heat, improving the efficiency of heat transfer in radiators.

Question: 23 Can Paheli use the same method to keep a glass of cold drink cool?
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Answer: Yes, wrapping in woolen clothes can insulate the cold drink, keeping it cool.

Question: 24 Which thermometer will show a greater rise in temperature, A or B?

Answer: Thermometer B will show a greater rise as heat rises, and it is directly above the flame.

Question: 25 In which direction should windows face in a coastal area

Answer: Windows should face the sea breeze for natural cooling.

Question: 26 Why doesn’t mercury fall or rise in a clinical thermometer when taken out of the
mouth?

Answer: The kink in the thermometer prevents the mercury from falling back immediately.

Question: 27 Name the mode of heat transfer where no medium is required.

Answer: Radiation.

Question: 28 Why does a pan cool down when removed from the fire

Answer: Heat is transferred from the pan to the cooler surrounding air.

Question: 29 Why is it preferred to use two thin blankets rather than one thick blanket?

Answer: Air trapped between the blankets acts as an insulator, providing better warmth.

Question: 30 Why should we not hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading it?

Answer: Holding the bulb can transfer body heat to the thermometer, affecting the reading.

Question: 31 What is one application of the kink in a clinical thermometer?

Answer: The kink prevents mercury from falling back, maintaining the reading.

Question: 32 How do we find out how hot an object really is?

Answer: By measuring its temperature with a thermometer.

Question: 33 Is the body temperature of every person 37°C?

Answer: No, it can vary slightly around 37°C.

Question: 34 How can we measure the temperature of objects other than the human body?

Answer: Using a suitable thermometer designed for that object or substance.

Question: 35 How does heat travel in air?

Answer: Heat travels in air primarily through convection.

Question: 36Why are we advised to use an umbrella in the sun?

Answer: The umbrella provides shade and reflects sunlight, keeping us cooler.

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Question: 37 Why are sharp jerks given to a clinical thermometer before using it

Answer: To bring the mercury level down to below 35°C for accurate reading.

Question: 38 Why is the handle of a pressure cooker covered with thick plastic?

Answer: The handle is covered with thick plastic because plastic is a poor conductor of heat, which
prevents heat transfer and keeps the handle cool, making it safe to hold.

Question: 39 How do conduction and convection differ in the transfer of heat?

Answer: Conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid material without the movement of the
material itself, while convection is the transfer of heat in fluids (liquids or gases) where warmer, less
dense regions rise and cooler, denser regions sink, creating a circulation of heat.

Question: 40 What precautions should be taken while reading a clinical thermometer?

Answer: Ensure the thermometer is clean, shake it down to below 35°C before use, place it under
the tongue and close the mouth, wait for 1-2 minutes, and read it at eye level without touching the
bulb.

Question: 41 What is a limitation of a clinical thermometer?

Answer: A clinical thermometer has a limited temperature range, typically 35°C to 42°C, and
cannot measure temperatures outside this range.

Question: 42 Why do we wear dark-colored clothes in winter and light-colored clothes in summer?

Answer: Dark-colored clothes absorb more heat, keeping us warmer in winter, while light-colored
clothes reflect heat, keeping us cooler in summer.

Question: 43 Why are shiny reflectors used in room heaters?

Answer: Shiny reflectors are used in room heaters to reflect infrared radiation, directing more heat
into the room and improving the heater’s efficiency.

Question: 44 Why is mercury used in thermometers instead of water?

Answer: Mercury is used in thermometers because it has a high coefficient of expansion, is visible,
does not stick to glass, and has a wide range of temperatures it can measure.

Question: 45 Why are air conditioners fitted at a higher level on the wall of a room?

Answer: Air conditioners are fitted at a higher level to allow cool air to sink and spread evenly
throughout the room, as cool air is denser than warm air.

Question: 46 How do kites and eagles fly without flapping their wings?

Answer: Kites and eagles fly without flapping their wings by gliding on thermal currents or updrafts,
which provide the lift needed to stay aloft with minimal effort.

Question: 47 What are maximum and minimum thermometers used for?

Answer: Maximum and minimum thermometers are used to record the highest and lowest
temperatures reached over a period, typically using mercury and alcohol, respectively.
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VII. Answer the following questions:

1. Shopkeepers selling ice blocks usually cover them with jute sacks. Explain why.

Ans: Shopkeepers selling ice blocks usually cover them with jute sacks because materials like jute
sacks sawdust and newspapers act as insulators and cannot allow escape or entry of heat through
them.

2. A laboratory thermometer A is kept 7 cm away on the side of the flame while a similar
thermometer B is kept 7 cm above the flame of a candle, as shown in Figure 4.5.

Which of the thermometers, A or B, will show a greater rise in temperature? Give a reason for your
answer.

Ans:The answer is image b) because hot air rises up from candle which burns due to convection.

3. To keep her soup warm Paheli wrapped the container in which it was kept with a woollen cloth.
Can she apply the same method to keep a glass of cold drink cool? Give a reason for your
answer

Ans: Yes, the woolen cloth can be used to keep a glass of cold drink cool because woollen is an
insulator that will not allow escape or entry of heat.

4. In a mercury thermometer, the level of mercury rises when its bulb comes in contact with a hot
object. What is the reason for this rise in the level of mercury?

Ans:Mercury gets expanded on heating; hence its level rises in the capillary when it comes in
contact with a hot object.

5. A circular metal loop is heated at point O as shown in Figure 4.6.

1. In which direction would heat flow in the loop?

(ii) In which order the pins at points P,Q and R fixed with the help of wax fall if points O, P, Q and R
are equidistant from each other?

Ans:
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1. The heat will flow in both the directions, i.e. from O to P and O to R.
2. At first, the pins at R and P will fall simultaneously, followed by the pin at Q.
6. In the arrangements, A and B, shown in Figure 4.7, pins P and Q are fixed to a metal loop and
an iron rod with the help of wax. In which case are both the pins likely to fall at different times?
Explain.

Ans:

In case ‘B’ the pin P will fall before the pin Q because the heat will reach pin P first. In case ‘A’, the
heat travels in both the directions and pins P and Q will fall simultaneously.

7. For setting curd, a small amount of curd is added to warm milk. The microbes present in the
curd help in setting if the temperature of the mixture remains approximately between 35°C to
40°C. At places, where room temperature remains much below the range, the setting of curd
becomes difficult. Suggest a way to set curd in such a situation.

Ans : In order to maintain the desired temperature container with curd should be wrapped with
woollen or any other insulator. Curd can also be set in a room with temperature below optimum by
keeping the container near the gas stove.

8. You may have noticed that a few sharp jerks are given to clinical thermometer before using it.
Why is it done so?

Ans : The jerk will allow the mercury flow into the bulb above kink, which will make mercury level
below normal temperature.

9. Why is it advised not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading it?

Ans : If we hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading it, the mercury will get expanded by our
body temperature.

10. At a campsite, there are tents of two shades – one made with black fabric and the other with
white fabric. Which one will you prefer for resting on a hot summer afternoon? Give a reason for
your choice. Would you like to prefer the same tent during winter?

Ans: In summer I would choose a tent with white colour fabric as white is a bad absorber and a
good reflector of Heat. But in winter I would choose a tent with black colour fabric as black is a good
absorber and bad reflector of heat.

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11. While constructing a house in a coastal area, in which direction should the windows preferably
face and why?

Ans : The windows of houses in coastal areas should preferably face towards the sea as sea
breeze will keep it cool during day time.

12. What is the direction of flow of heat when you touch a cold object?
Ans : When we touch a cold object, heat flows from our body to the cold object.

13. Observe the picture given in Figure 4.8. Water is being boiled in a pan of wide base.

1. Which position P or T will feel warmer?

2. Fill up the boxes P and T to indicate the mode of flow of heat to the hand.
Ans :

Position ‘P’ will feel warmer due to rising up of hot air. P Convection ,T Radiation

14. Look at Figure 4.9.

The length of wire PQ in case of A is equal to the diameter of the semicircle formed by the wire
CDE, in case B. One pin is attached to each wire with the help of wax as shown in Figure 4.9.
Which pin will fall first? Explain.

Ans:The pin on the wire in case A will fall first as heat will react to it before it reaches the pin in case
B.

15. The freezer is located at the top of the refrigerator. Explain why.
Answer:
The freezer is located at the top of the refrigerator. It is because the air inside and around the
compartments of freezer gets cool and move downwards and on the other side, the lesser cool
air moves upward to get cooled.
So, as a result of this, convection of heat are setup in the air and the tower section of the .
refrigerator also gets cooled faster.

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16. Instead of water explain the reason, why do the mercury is used in the thermometer?
Answer:
Due to following reasons, mercury is used in the thermometers instead of water

1. When the thermometer breaks, the mercury can be easily collected.

2. Mercury can has more expansion than the water.
3. Also, mercury do not stick on the walls of thermometer like water.

17. Explain the reason for the general fitting of air conditioner at higher level on the wall of the room.
Answer:
As a fact that warm air is much lighter than the cold air, so being heavier the cold air from air
conditioner moves downwards while the hot air moves upwards at the lower level and gets
cooled and come downwards once again. So, due to this convection of heat are set in the air
and room gets warmer faster.

18. Briefly explain, why do the kites and eagles fly without flapping their wings.
Answer:
As it is a fact that the hot air during the day time surrounds the land gradually and rises up, due
to which a convection air of heat develops. So, kites and eagles start moving along this rising
current of heat without flapping the wings to fly high up in the sky.

19. State the limitation of clinical thermometer.

Answer:
The clinical thermometer cannot be used for measuring the temperature of any object more than
42°C (i.e. more than the body temperature). If it kept in the sun or near a flame, then this clinical
thermometer can be break.
20. Briefly explain the maximum and minimum thermometers.
Answer:
Maximum and minimum thermometers are the special thermometers which automatically record
the maximum and minimum temperature of the day. The maximum and minimum temperature of
the last day reported in weather reports in TV and newspapers are measured by the maximum
and minimum thermometers.
21. Explain the reason for serving of tea in China clay cup and plates.
Answer:
Tea is generally served in China clay cup and plates because China clay is a bad conductor of
heat which do not allow the heat to pass through it and hence keep the tea hot.
22. Describe briefly about the direction of the convection current during ventilation.
Answer:
Since, with the help of ventilators, warm air being higher get rises up and leaves the room. Even
the fresh air enters the room from outside through the doors and windows.
23. Explain the reason for wrapping of ice in gunny bags.
Answer:
Since, we know that gunny bags consist of number of fine pores which are filled with air. As air
is a bad conductor of heat, so due to this reason, it does not allow the external heat to move
inside and melts the ice.
24. Mention any two examples each of insulators as well as of conductors.
Answer:
Copper and aluminium are the examples of conductors which allow the heat to pass through
them. While wood and plastic are the examples of insulators which do not allow the heat to pass
through them.
25. The clinical thermometer is not used to measure high temperature. Why?
Answer:
Clinical thermometer has the range 35°C to 42°C. If we use it to measure high temperature, it
may break and mercury present in the clinical thermometer is harmful. So, we cannot use
clinical thermometer to measure high temperature.
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26. Explain the reason for the following statement, “When heat is applied at the bottom of the water
vessel, then
it gets heated more quickly than when it is heated at the top.” [HOTS]
Answer:
The particles of water become more lighter and rise up in the middle. Due to this, the cold
particles of water which are heavier come down along the sides of the vessel. So, the
convection currents of heat are setup and water becomes hot. The moment, when the heat is
applied at the top, then the water present in the upper portion becomes hot and these hot water
molecules get fixed over the surface. Since, water is a bad conductor of heat, due to which
water present at the lower end (or bottom) of the vessel remains.

27. Prove with the help of an experiment that heat radiation can travel through vacuum.
Answer:
First of all, take a flat bottom flask and fix a rubber stopper having two holes in the mouth of the
flask. Shift a thermometer through one hole and a glass tube with stopper through the other
hole. Now, with the help of a vacuum pump, remove the air from the flask and try to record the
temperature from the thermometer. Put a flask in the bright sunlight and we will observe that the
thermometer records a rise in temperature. So, on this basis, we can say that this experiment
proves that the heat radiation can travel through vacuum.

28. Why are the pipes of solar heater and the containers of solar cooker painted black?
Answer:
The pipes of solar heater and the containers of solar cooker are painted black because black
colour absorbs heat more than any other colour and this will help to keep the pipes and
containers more warmer.
29. Two objects at the same temperature one smaller than the other, are placed together. In which
direction will the heat be transferred? Give reason.
Answer.
The direction of heat transfer would be from larger to smaller object because larger object has
more surface area due to which it loses its heat much faster.
30. Why is a room heater placed near the floor and an air conditioner near the ceiling?
Answer.
A room heater is placed near the floor because hot air is light. It will move up from the floor to
the roof and this will make the room heated properly. Air conditioner is placed near a ceiling
because cool air being heavy will move down and make the room cooler
31. In places of hot climate it is advised that the outer walls of houses be painted white. Explain.

Solution:In places of hot climate, it is advised that the outer walls of houses be painted white
because white colour reflects back most of the heat that is incident on it, as white is a poor
absorber of heat. This helps in keeping the house cool.

32. One litre of water at 30°C is mixed with one litre of water at 50°C. The temperature of the
mixture will be

(a) 80°C (b) more than 50°C but less than 80°C (c) 20°C (d) between 30°C and 50°C

Solution:The temperature of the mixture will be between 30°C and 50°C because hot water
loses heat and simultaneously cold water gains heat. This keeps the temperature in between
30°C and 50°C.

33. Explain the reason for the shiny reflectors of room heaters.
Answer:
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HEAT

Since, the shiny surface absorbs very little heat due to which the reflectors reflect all the heat
which makes the room heaters more effective. So, due to this reason, room heaters have shiny
reflectors.
34. Describe the effects of heat.
Answer:
The effects of heat are
(i) When an object is heated, then it becomes hotter and may get expand. So, in this heat may
change the state of the body like ice can also get change into the water.
(ii) Heat sometimes acts as a catalyst to speed up the chemical reaction.
(iii) Heat can even kill the bacteria as well.
35. The handle of a pressure cooker is covered with the thick plastic. Explain why.
Answer:
As we know that plastic is a bad conductor of heat due to which the heat from the cooker does
not flow to its handle and we can hold it easily.
So, this is a reason because of which the handle of a pressure cooker is covered with the thick
plastic.
36. We are advised to use an umbrella when you go out in the sun. Comment.
Answer:
We use an umbrella to protect us from heat coming from the sun in the form of radiation.
37. The table below shows the similarities and differences between laboratory and clinical
thermometers.

Similarities Differences

1. Both have a long, 1. A clinical thermometer measures

narrow, uniform glass temperature from 35°C to 45°C, while the
tube range of a laboratory thermometer is -10°C
to 110°C.

2. Both have a bulb 2) Clinical thermometer is used to measure

containing mercury at human body temperature. A laboratory
one end. thermometer is used to measure an object’s
temperature.

3. Both have a celsius 3) A kink is present near the bulb of the

scale as a unit of clinical thermometer to prevent the movement of
temperature. mercury. In contrast, the laboratory thermometer
does not have a kink, as the movement of mercury
is required to measure temperature change
continuously.

38. Explain the differences between heat and temperature.

Answer:
The differences between heat and temperature are given as below

Heat Temperature

It is a form of energy which flows from one It is the thermal condition of a body that
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HEAT

indicates whether hot or not and in which

body to another when there is a difference in
direction, heat will flow from one body to the
temperature between the objects.
other.

It is equal to the sum of internal energies of It is proportional to average kinetic energy of the

the molecules of a body. molecules of the body.

As a conclusion of exchange of heat between

As a heat between two bodies, total amount of
two bodies, sum of their temperatures before
heat of two bodies remains unchanged.
and after exchange is not same.

SI unit of heat is joule (J). SI unit of temperature is kelvin (K).

39. Look at Fig. 4.13. Mark where the heat is being transferred by conduction, by convection and by
radiation.

From candle and the vessel radiates heat through radiation.

The vessel gets heated by conduction.

The water in vessel get heated by convection.

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