CPD
for
A
Level
Computer
Science:
Practical
Sheet
5
October
14
Practical
Sheet
5
Computer
Architecture
and
Assembly
1 Fetch-‐Execute
and
the
Little
Man
Computer
1.1 Simple
Programs
Exercise
1.1:
Enter
a
Program
in
LMC
Consider
the
following
Python
program:
z = x + y
This
can
be
compiled
(note:
you
are
the
compiler)
into
the
follow
LMC
program
LDA x
ADD y
STA z or STO z
HLT
x DAT 11
y DAT 17
z DAT
Enter
this
program
and
assemble
it.
Answer
the
following
questions:
1. What
is
the
memory
location
for
the
variable
'x'?
2. The
first
memory
location
has
value
'504'.
Explain
how
this
value
represents
the
first
instruction
in
the
program.
3. Describe
the
program
in
words.
Exercise
1.2:
Fetch-‐Execute
in
LMC
The
program
of
Exercise
1.1
has
4
instructions.
Run
the
program,
step
by
step
and
complete
the
following
table
to
show
the
state
of
the
system
after
each
step:
Step
Program
Memory
Memory
Data
Accumulator
Counter
Address
Register
(Calculator)
Register
0
00
-‐-‐-‐
-‐-‐-‐
000
1
2
3
Note:
the
names
of
the
registers
vary
a
bit
between
different
LMC
versions
In
addition,
look
at
which
memory
location
is
change.
Exercise
1.3:
Programming
Challenges
Try
any
of
the
following:
1. Input
two
numbers
and
output
the
sum
2. Input
three
numbers
and
output
the
sum
3. Input
a
number,
double
it
twice
and
output
(e.g.
7
input
gives
28
out).
Page 1 of 2
CPD
for
A
Level
Computer
Science:
Practical
Sheet
5
October
14
1.2 Example
Program
2:
If
Statements
Exercise
1.4:
Largest
of
Two
Enter
the
‘largest
of
two’
program
described
in
the
reference
notes
and
test
it
with
different
values.
Step
through
it
and
look
at
the
value
of
the
program
counter.
Can
you
explain
how
the
‘if
statement’
has
been
compiled
using
the
BRP
instruction?
Note:
if
you
know
about
flowcharts,
you
might
find
it
useful
to
draw
a
flowchart
of
the
program.
Exercise
1.5:
LMC
Challenge
Problems
Write
a
MC
program
to
solve
the
following
problems:
1. Input
two
numbers
and
output
the
smaller
one
2. Input
three
numbers
and
output
the
largest.
You
are
recommended
to
write
the
program
in
simplified
Python
(see
the
reference
notes)
and/or
draw
a
flowchart
before
attempting
to
write
the
assembly
code.
1.3 Example
Program
3:
Loops
Exercise
1.6:
LMC
Counting
Down
Enter
the
‘down
counter’
loop
program
described
in
the
reference
notes
and
test
it
with
different
values.
Step
through
it
and
look
at
the
value
of
the
program
counter.
Again,
explain
how
the
loop
is
translated
to
LMC
using
a
flowchart.
Exercise
1.7:
LMC
Looping
Challenge
Problems
Try
any
of
the
following:
1. Enter
two
numbers
C,
N:
C
is
a
counter
and
N
is
a
number.
Output
the
first
C
multiples
of
N,
starting
with
0.
So
if
C
is
5
and
N
is
3,
the
output
is
0,
3,
6,
9,
12.
2. LMC
does
not
have
a
multiply
instructions
but
multiplication
can
be
done
by
repeatedly
adding.
For
example
3
x
4
is
equal
to
4
+
4
+
4.
2 Interpreters
Exercise
2.1:
Write
an
Interpreter
for
the
LMC
following
the
approach
outlined
in
the
notes.
Here
is
an
example
of
a
possible
solution
being
used.
Load (L) Run(R) Stop(S) > R
MAR = 0 MDR = 0 ACC = 0 PC = 0
Program halted
Load (L) Run(R) Stop(S) > L
Location = 0 Enter value (or '.') 504
Location = 1 Enter value (or '.') 105
Location = 2 Enter value (or '.') 306
Location = 3 Enter value (or '.') 0
Location = 4 Enter value (or '.') 11
Location = 5 Enter value (or '.') 17
Location = 6 Enter value (or '.') .
Load (L) Run(R) Stop(S) > R
MAR = 0 MDR = 0 ACC = 0 PC = 0
Press enter to continue
MAR = 4 MDR = 11 ACC = 11 PC = 1
Press enter to continue
MAR = 5 MDR = 17 ACC = 28 PC = 2
Press enter to continue
MAR = 6 MDR = 28 ACC = 28 PC = 3
Program halted
Load (L) Run(R) Stop(S) >
Page 2 of 2
