AZIMUTH
CHRONOMETER
ERROR: FAST [-] ; SLOW [+]
GMT: Correct Chronometer
LIT: WEST [-] ; EAST [+]
LMT:
GHA: GMT HOUR
INCREMENT:GMT MINUTES & SECONDS
V CORRN:PLANETS & MOON
CORR GHA:
LONG: WEST [-] ; EAST [+]
LHA: 0 TO 360
DECL: GMT HOUR
D CORRN:GMT MINUTES APPLIED +/-
CORR DECL:
IF LHA <180˚ ; P = LHA ; IF LHA >180˚ ; P = 360˚ - LHA
CALCULATE AZIMUTH
A= TAN LAT
TAN P
FOR NAME
LHA BETWEEN 270˚TO 090˚THEN OPP. TO LAT
LHA BETWEEN 090˚TO 270˚THEN SAME AS LAT
B= TAN DECL
SIN P
NAME SAME AS DECL
C= A & B SAME [+]; A & B DIFF [-] NAME OF GREATER
TAN AZIMUTH = 1 .
C x COS LAT
NAME OF AZIMUTH TAKEN FROM NAME OF C [ N /S ] AND [ E /W ]
FROM LHA
LHA BETWEEN 180˚ TO 360˚ BODY RISING [E] ; Az (0 to 180°)
LHA BETWEEN 000˚ TO 180˚ BODY SETTING [W] ; Az (180° to 360°)
COMPASSERROR: COMPASS BEST ; ERROR WEST; COMPASS LEAST ;
ERROR EAST
COMPASS COURSE
DEVIATION
MAGNETIC COURSE
VARIATION
TRUE COURSE
LATITUDE BY MERIDIAN ALTITUDE
CALCULATE SEXT. ALT
SEXT ALT:
INDEX ERROR: OFF THE ARC (+);ON THE ARC (-)
OBS ALT:
DIP CORR: ACCORDING TO HEIGHT OF EYE
APPARENT ALT:
TOTAL CORRECTION: REFRACTION ,PARALLAX
& SEMI DIAMETER
ADDITONAL CORRECTION: FOR VENUS & MARS
TRUE ALTITUDE:NAME SAME AS AZIMUTH
MZD:90-T.ALT; NAME OPPOSITE TO TRUE ALT
APPROX TIME OF MER PASS (LMT) TAKEN FOR
THAT DAY AND APPLY LIT [+W,-E] TO GET
APPROX GMT MER PASS
AT MERPASS LHA = 360º
CORR DECL:
OBSERVED LAT= MZD & DECL SAME NAME (+)
OR MZD & DECL DIFF NAME (-),NAME OF GREATER
POSITION LINE E-W
FOR NAME OF T.ALT : FROM OBSERVER TO BODY,
THEN PROCEED TO THE NEAREST HORIZON FOR
THE NAME, SAME AS AZIMUTH
LONG BY CHRONOMETER : Obs. Long
CALCULATE CORR. GMT
CALCULATE CORR. T. ALT
CALCULATE CORR. GHA
CALCULATE CORR. DECL
COS P = SIN T ALT ± SIN LAT x SIN DECL
COS LAT x COS DECL
LAT & DECL SAME (-) : LAT & DECL DIFF (+)
IF BODY IS RISING: LHA 180º → 360º;
Az 000º → 180º ; A.M. FOR SUN ; LHA = 360 – P
IF BODY IS SETTING: LHA 000º → 180º;
Az 180º → 360º ; P.M. FOR SUN ; LHA = P
APPLY DR LONG TO GHA TO GET APPROX LHA
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CAL. LHA & C. GHA
GIVES OBS LONG { 000 to 180 E/W}
NAMING OF OBS LONG:
GHA LEAST LONG EAST
GHA BEST LONG WEST
CALCULATE AZIMUTH
PL IS 90 ± AZ
INTERCEPT : Marcq. St. Hilaire method
CALCULATE CORR. GMT
CALCULATE CORR. T. ALT
CALCULATE CORR TZD
CALCULATE CORR. LHA
CALCULATE CORR. DECL
COS CZD = COS P x COS LAT x COS DECL ±
SIN LAT x SIN DECL
LAT & DECL SAME (+)
LAT & DECL DIFF (-)
NOTE: SIGNS OPPOSITE TO LONG BY CHRONO
IF LHA BETWEEN 180˚ TO 360˚ , P= 360-LHA
IF LHA BETWEEN 000˚ TO 180˚ , P= LHA
CZD > TZD ; Difference : INTERCEPT TOWARDS
CZD < TZD ; INTERCEPT AWAY
TRUE TINY TOWARDS
CALCULATE AZIMUTH :
PL IS 90 ± AZ
SUN AMPLITUDE
LMT: SUNRISE / SUNSET
LIT: WEST [+] ; EAST [-]
GMT: SUNRISE / SUNSET
DECL: GMT HOUR
D CORRN:GMT MINUTES APPLIED +/-
CORR DECL:
DR LAT:
SIN AMP`= SIN DECL x SEC LAT
OR
SIN AMP = SIN DECL / COS LAT
AMP : RANGE 00 TO 90
NAME OF TRUE AMPLITUDE
PREFIX E FOR RISING ; W FOR SETTING
SUFFIX SAME AS DECL
AMPLITUDE MEASURED FROM E-W DIRECTION
EG: W 10˚ S; TRUE BRG 260˚ [T]
EX-MERIDIAN : NEAR THE MERIDIAN
CALCULATE CORR. GMT
CALCULATE CORR. T. ALT
CALCULATE CORR TZD [90 – T. Alt]
CALCULATE CORR. LHA approx.. 360 = P
CALCULATE CORR. DECL
COS MZD = COS TZD + [(1-COSP) x COS DR LAT x COS DECL]
NOTE:
TRUE ALTITUDE: NAME SAME AS AZIMUTH
TZD: 90-T.ALT; NAME OPPOSITE TO TRUE ALT
OBSERVED LAT= MZD & DECL SAME NAME (+)
OR
MZD & DECL DIFF NAME (-),
NAME OF GREATER
CALCULATE AZIMUTH approx 000
PL IS AZ ± 90
