Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

Scribd
Upload
4 views11 pages

Lec 6

The document discusses the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH), which is designed for transporting large data amounts over digital systems. It outlines the multiplexing systems in North America and Europe, detailing the channel configurations and data rates for various levels of multiplexing. The PDH system allows for the combination of multiple channels to achieve higher data transmission rates through a structured hierarchy.

Uploaded by

itx5.iriset
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views11 pages

Lec 6

The document discusses the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH), which is designed for transporting large data amounts over digital systems. It outlines the multiplexing systems in North America and Europe, detailing the channel configurations and data rates for various levels of multiplexing. The PDH system allows for the combination of multiple channels to achieve higher data transmission rates through a structured hierarchy.

Uploaded by

itx5.iriset
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

University of Diyala

Telecom Switching Systems


Lecture 6
4th Stage
Communication department / Engineering collage

Lecturer Marwa Mohammed

lec. Marwa Mohammed


The plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH)
(PDH) was designed to transport the huge amounts of data over
digital equipment like microwave radio or fiber optic systems.
The term plesiochronous is derived from Greek plēsios,
meaning near, and chronos, time, and refers to the fact that PDH
networks run in a state where different parts of the network are
nearly, but not quite perfectly, synchronized.

Plesiochronous telecommunication system is one where different


parts of the system are almost, but not quite, perfectly
synchronised.

lec. Marwa Mohammed 2


PDH MULTIPLEX SYSTEM
• In USA
–24 voice channels (64 k) gives a DS-1 (1544 kbps)
–4 DS-1 gives a DS-2 (6312 kbps)
–7 DS-2 gives a DS-3 (44736 kbps)

• Europe and other countries


–30 -32 voice channels (64 kbps) plus two channels for framing and
signaling gives an E-1 (2048kbps)
–4 x E-1 gives an E-2 (8448 kbps)
–4 x E-2 gives an E-3 (34368 kbps)
–4 x E-3 gives a E-4 (139264 kbps)

lec. Marwa Mohammed 3


PDH MULTIPLEX SYSTEM - NORTH AMERICA
1. The 24 channel PCM system (T1) is the primary order of Digital Multiplex System.
2. If it is necessary to transmit more than 24 channels, the system is build-up as in the
“Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy” as shown

lec. Marwa Mohammed 4


lec. Marwa Mohammed 5
PDH MULTIPLEX SYSTEM - NORTH AMERICA

1. Second order multiplexing (T2): Four primary systems


(24-channle each) are combined, multiplexed, to form an
output having 96 channels.

2. Third order Multiplexing (T3): Seven 96 channel


systems are multiplexed to give an output of 672-
channels.

3. Fourth order Multiplexing (T4): Six 672 – channels


systems are multiplexed to give an output of 4032
channels -

lec. Marwa Mohammed 6


 PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy)
 European Standards: E1, E2, E3, …
E1:
E1 E2 E3

Rate 2.048Mbps 8.448Mbps 139.264Mbps

lec. Marwa Mohammed 7


lec. Marwa Mohammed 8
PDH Europe

Europe
64 7680 ch
kbits/s 564.992
1920 ch Mbit/s
139.264
480 ch Mb/s
34.368
120 ch Mb/s x4
8.44Mb/s x4
x30 30 ch x4
2.048 Mb/s
x
4

lec. Marwa Mohammed 9


DIGITAL MUX LEVELS IN North America, Europe, Japan

Digital MUX No.of 64Kb/s North America Europe Japan Mbits/s


Level Channels Mbits/s Mbits/s

0 1 0.064 0.064 0.064


1 24 1.544 1.544
30 -32 2.048
48 3.152 3.152
2 96 6.312 6.312
120 8.448
3 480 34.368 32.064
672 44.376
1344 91.053
1440 97.728
4 1920 139.264
4032 274.176
5760 397.200

lec. Marwa Mohammed


10
• The 6.312-Mb/s output of a second order (DS2) Multiplexer
is created by multiplexing four first order (DS1) multiplexing
outputs.
• This is done by interleaving the bit stream of the four
primary systems.
• Each individual bit stream is called the “tributary”.

lec. Marwa Mohammed 11

You might also like