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Unit 1 Introduction To Constitution Notes

The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution, detailing its historical background, importance, and key features. It outlines the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties, emphasizing the Constitution's role in defining government structure and protecting citizens' rights. The Constitution, which came into force on January 26, 1950, aims to ensure justice, equality, and liberty for all citizens.

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36 views3 pages

Unit 1 Introduction To Constitution Notes

The document provides an overview of the Indian Constitution, detailing its historical background, importance, and key features. It outlines the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties, emphasizing the Constitution's role in defining government structure and protecting citizens' rights. The Constitution, which came into force on January 26, 1950, aims to ensure justice, equality, and liberty for all citizens.

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Unit 1: Introduction to the Constitution - Detailed Notes

1. Historical Background

- Before independence, India was ruled by the British.

- British Acts like Regulating Act 1773, Government of India Acts 1858, 1919, and 1935 laid the

foundation for governance.

- The Indian independence movement led to demand for self-rule.

- In 1946, the Constituent Assembly was formed to draft the Constitution.

- The Constitution came into force on 26th January 1950.

2. Importance of Constitution

- It defines the structure and powers of the government.

- Protects citizens' rights and freedoms.

- Guides the country's legal and political system.

- Ensures justice, equality, and liberty for all.

- Prevents misuse of power by government.

3. Preamble of Constitution

- Introduction to the Constitution; reflects its spirit.

- Declares India as: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.

- Promises: Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

- Shows the goals and values of the Constitution.

4. Salient Features of Indian Constitution


- Written and detailed Constitution.

- Blend of rigidity and flexibility.

- Parliamentary system of government.

- Federal structure with a strong centre.

- Independent judiciary.

- Fundamental Rights and Duties.

- Universal Adult Franchise.

5. Fundamental Rights

- Rights guaranteed to all citizens.

1. Right to Equality

2. Right to Freedom

3. Right against Exploitation

4. Right to Freedom of Religion

5. Cultural and Educational Rights

6. Right to Constitutional Remedies

- Enforceable by courts.

6. Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

- Guidelines for the government to make laws and policies.

- Not enforceable by courts.

- Aim to create a welfare state.

- Inspired by Irish Constitution.

- Examples: Equal pay, free education, health, and livelihood.

7. Fundamental Duties
- Duties of every Indian citizen, added by 42nd Amendment (1976).

- There are 11 duties.

- Examples: Respect Constitution, National Flag, promote harmony, protect environment.

- Help in promoting responsible citizenship.

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