Ex: 7 SUM OF SERIES
AIM
FLOWCHART
PROGRAM
ACCEPT n NUMBER PROMPT 'Enter a number: ';
DECLARE
n NUMBER := &n; -- Takes input from user
i NUMBER :=1;
sum_value NUMBER := 0;
BEGIN
WHILE i<= n
LOOP
sum_value := sum_value + i;
i := i + 1;
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Sum of first ' || n || ' natural numbers is: ' ||
sum_value);
END;
/
OUTPUT
SQL> edit D:/sample/series.sql
SQL> @ D:/sample/series.sql
Enter a number: 10
8
Sum of first 10 natural numbers is: 55
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
RESULT
EX: 8 TRIGGER
AIM
FLOWCHART
PROGRAM
Step 1: Create the Table and Insert Records
CREATE TABLE employees (
employee_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
employee_name VARCHAR2(100),
salary NUMBER(10, 2),
promotion_date DATE
);
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, employee_name, salary, promotion_date)
VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 50000, NULL);
INSERT INTO employees (employee_id, employee_name, salary, promotion_date)
VALUES (2, 'Jane Smith', 60000, NULL);
Step 2: Create the Trigger
The trigger will automatically update an employee’s salary before and after promotion,
assuming a 10% salary increase after promotion.
Step 3: Execute a Query to Update the Promotion Date
UPDATE employees
SET promotion_date = SYSDATE
WHERE employee_id = 1;
Step 4: Display the Updated Record
SELECT * FROM employees;
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER update_salary_on_promotion
BEFORE UPDATE ON employees
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
-- Check if the promotion_date is not NULL (meaning the employee has been
promoted)
IF :NEW.promotion_date IS NOT NULL THEN
-- Apply a 10% raise to the salary
:NEW.salary := :OLD.salary * 1.1;
END IF;
END;
/
OUTPUT
SQL> select * from employees;
EMPLOYEE_ID EMPLOYEE_NAME SALARY
PROMOTION
----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
1 John Doe
50000
2 Jane Smith
60000
SQL> edit E:/oracle/trigger.sql
SQL> @ E:/oracle/trigger.sql
Trigger created.
SQL> UPDATE employees
2 SET promotion_date = SYSDATE
3 WHERE employee_id = 1;
1 row updated.
SQL> select * from employees;
EMPLOYEE_ID EMPLOYEE_NAME SALARY
PROMOTION
----------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------
1 John Doe
55000 10-FEB-25
2 Jane Smith
60000
RESULT
Ex:9 STUDENT MARK ANALYSIS USING CURSOR
AIM:
FLOWCHART:
PROGRAM:
DECLARE
-- Declare a cursor to fetch student marks
CURSOR student_cursor IS
SELECT student_id, student_name, subject1_marks, subject2_marks,
subject3_marks, subject4_marks
FROM student_marks;
-- Declare variables to hold individual student data
v_student_id student_marks.student_id%TYPE;
v_student_name student_marks.student_name%TYPE;
v_subject1_marks student_marks.subject1_marks%TYPE;
v_subject2_marks student_marks.subject2_marks%TYPE;
v_subject3_marks student_marks.subject3_marks%TYPE;
v_subject4_marks student_marks.subject4_marks%TYPE;
-- Declare variables for the analysis
v_total_marks NUMBER;
v_average_marks NUMBER;
v_status VARCHAR2(10);
BEGIN
-- Open the cursor
OPEN student_cursor;
-- Loop through each student record
LOOP
FETCH student_cursor INTO v_student_id, v_student_name,
v_subject1_marks, v_subject2_marks, v_subject3_marks, v_subject4_marks;
-- Exit the loop if no more rows are available
EXIT WHEN student_cursor%NOTFOUND;
-- Calculate total marks and average
v_total_marks := v_subject1_marks + v_subject2_marks +
v_subject3_marks + v_subject4_marks;
v_average_marks := v_total_marks / 4;
-- Determine the status based on average marks
IF v_average_marks >= 50 THEN
v_status := 'Pass';
ELSE
v_status := 'Fail';
END IF;
-- Output the student name and status on one line
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Student: ' || v_student_name || ' - Status: ' ||
v_status);
-- Output the total marks, average marks, and student ID on another line
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Total Marks: ' || v_total_marks || ', Average Marks:
' || v_average_marks || ' (Student ID: ' || v_student_id || ')');
END LOOP;
-- Close the cursor
CLOSE student_cursor;
END;
/
OUTPUT:
SQL> CREATE TABLE student_marks (
2 student_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
3 student_name VARCHAR2(100),
4 subject1_marks NUMBER,
5 subject2_marks NUMBER,
6 subject3_marks NUMBER,
7 subject4_marks NUMBER
8 );
Table created.
SQL> -- Insert sample student data into the student_marks table
SQL> INSERT INTO student_marks (student_id, student_name, subject1_marks,
subject2_marks, subject3_marks, subject4_marks)
2 VALUES (101, 'John Doe', 90, 85, 88, 87);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO student_marks (student_id, student_name, subject1_marks,
subject2_marks, subject3_marks, subject4_marks)
2 VALUES (102, 'Jane Smith', 55, 50, 60, 65);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO student_marks (student_id, student_name, subject1_marks,
subject2_marks, subject3_marks, subject4_marks)
2 VALUES (103, 'Mark Taylor', 45, 40, 35, 30);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO student_marks (student_id, student_name, subject1_marks,
subject2_marks, subject3_marks, subject4_marks)
2 VALUES (104, 'Alice Brown', 70, 75, 78, 80);
1 row created.
SQL>
SQL> INSERT INTO student_marks (student_id, student_name, subject1_marks,
subject2_marks, subject3_marks, subject4_marks)
2 VALUES (105, 'Bob White', 30, 35, 40, 25);
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM student_marks;
STUDENT_ID STUDENT_NAME
SUBJECT1_MARKS SUBJECT2_MARKS SUBJECT3_MARKS SUBJECT4_MARKS
---------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------
101 John Doe
90 85 88 87
102 Jane Smith
55 50 60 65
103 Mark Taylor
45 40 35 30
104 Alice Brown
70 75 78 80
105 Bob White
30 35 40 25
SQL> edit E:/oracle/cursor.sql
SQL> @ E:/oracle/cursor.sql
Student: John Doe - Status: Pass
Total Marks: 350, Average Marks: 87.5 (Student ID: 101)
Student: Jane Smith - Status: Pass
Total Marks: 230, Average Marks: 57.5 (Student ID: 102)
Student: Mark Taylor - Status: Fail
Total Marks: 150, Average Marks: 37.5 (Student ID: 103)
Student: Alice Brown - Status: Pass
Total Marks: 303, Average Marks: 75.75 (Student ID: 104)
Student: Bob White - Status: Fail
Total Marks: 130, Average Marks: 32.5 (Student ID: 105)
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
RESULT:
