WATER RESOURCE AND SUPPLY ENGINEER
YIRIDOW SAMSON TIETU
CIVIL ENGINEERING BTECH 3
STUBTECH220386
1. Preliminary Assessment & Data Collection
. Site Survey:
• Assess topography, soil conditions, and available
space.
• Identify possible borehole drilling points.
• Locate where the building will stand relative to the
water supply infrastructure.
b. Water Demand Estimation:
Calculate daily water demand using per capita
consumption.
• Average water demand per student: ~100–150
liters/day.
• Total daily demand = 1000 students × 120 liters =
120,000 liters/day (120 m³/day)
Add 10–15% for losses and additional needs (kitchen,
laundry, staff, landscaping):
• Design demand: ~135,000 liters/day (135 m³/day)
c. Source Selection:
• Since a mechanized borehole is chosen, check:
• Water table depth (from geophysical survey).
• Groundwater quality (via test borehole or local
records).
• Sustainable yield of the aquifer.
2. Borehole Design and Drilling
a. Geophysical Survey:
•I wet in for a hydrogeologist to conduct resistivity
surveys to determine suitable drilling locations.
b. Borehole Drilling:
• Engage licensed drillers.
• Drilling done to an adequate depth of (typically
50–150m depending on area).
• Use PVC or steel casing with gravel pack and
sanitary seal.
• Install a submersible pump (capacity and head
based on depth and system head loss).
c. Borehole Testing:
• Perform a step-drawdown test and constant
discharge test to determine yield and drawdown.
• Conduct water quality testing (chemical, physical,
and bacteriological parameters).
3. Pumping and Storage Design
POLYTANK(upper and lower water storage)
a. Pump Selection:
• Based on the borehole depth and required daily
volume.
• Consider:
• Flow rate (e.g., 10 m³/hr if pumping 12–14
hours/day).
• Total Dynamic Head (TDH = depth + head losses +
elevation).
b. Storage Tanks:
• Ground-level tank: Collects directly from the
borehole.
• Capacity: At least 50% of daily demand (~65–70
m³).
• Elevated tank: Supplies water to the hostel via
gravity.
• Capacity: Another 50% (~65–70 m³).
• Height: ~10–15 meters above ground level
(depends on building height and pressure needs).
4. Piping Network Design
a. Water Distribution System:
• Use a dual-pump system:
• Borehole pump → Ground tank.
• Booster pump → Elevated tank.
b. Pipe Sizing:
• Use Hazen-Williams or Darcy-Weisbach equation
to size pipes for:
• Main lines.
• Branches to each floor, room, bathroom, kitchen,
etc.
• Materials: uPVC/HDPE for underground; PPR or
CPVC for internal piping.
HDPE PIPE
c. Pressure Zones:
• Building is 3 stories (~10m).
• Ensure pressure at outlets is ~1.5–3 bar.
• If too high, use PRVs (Pressure Reducing Valves) on
lower floors.
d. Internal Plumbing Fixtures:
• Toilets, showers, wash basins, kitchen taps,
laundry connections.
• Include provision for future maintenance (valves,
access points).
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5. Water Treatment and Quality Assurance
a. Water Quality Correction (if needed):
• Filtration (sand, carbon).
• Disinfection (chlorination, UV treatment).
• Softening (if high hardness).
b. Routine Testing Plan:
• Monthly/quarterly water quality checks.
• Borehole maintenance schedule.
6. Power Supply System
a. Borehole Pump Power:
• Requires reliable electricity supply or backup
generator.
• Solar pump option for sustainability (based on site
solar irradiation).
b. Control Panel:
• Use automatic control panels with float switches
for tanks.
• Dry-run protection for the borehole pump.
7. Drainage and Wastewater Consideration
• Plan for wastewater from bathrooms, kitchen, and
laundry.
• Connect to a treatment system (e.g., septic tank or
STP) or municipal sewer.
• Proper slope and access for maintenance.
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8. Testing, Commissioning, and Handover
a. Testing:
• Leak tests for the piping system.
• Flow and pressure tests.
• Functionality of pumps, tanks, treatment units.
b. Commissioning:
• Run the full system under load for a day or two.
• Train maintenance personnel.
c. Documentation & Handover:
• Provide as-built drawings, O&M manuals, pump
specs, warranties.
9. Maintenance Plan
• Weekly: Visual inspection of tanks, pumps.
• Monthly: Clean inlet screens, flush tanks.
• Quarterly: Check water quality.
• Annually: Service pumps, recalibrate sensors.
HOSTEL AND WATER SYSTEM
