WECOME TO YOUR FIRST TERM FORM 1 NOTES

FORM 1

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO RELIGION

What is religion?

Religion is the way people perceive life and express their understanding of the purpose of
life.

EXAMPLES OF WORLD RELIGIONS

Religion Founder Place of Sacred Book Followers Place of origin

worship

Christianity Jesus Christ Church Holy Bible Christians Israel-Jerusalem

Islam Prophet Mosque Quran/Koran Moslems/Musli Saudi Arabia-

Muhammad ms
Mecca

Hinduism No founder Mandir/Temp Vedas Hindus India

le

Buddhism Siddhartha Temple Pali - canon Buddhists India- Nepal

Gautama

Sikhism Guru Nanak Gurdwara Guru Granth Sikhs India-

Sahib
Punjab Region

Judaism Abraham Synagogue Torah Jews Israel

Bahai Faith Bahaullah Bahai Kita-i-Aqdas Bahais Iran-Persia

Temples

African No Founder Hills / shrines No Holy book Batswana Botswana

Traditional
Religion in
Botswana

Confucianism Confucius No specific Si Shu Confucians China

place

Jainism Mahavira Jain Temple Jaina Sutras Jains India

Part 1 &2

Shinto No founder Shrines JinnoShotoki Shintoists Japan

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Zoroastrianism Zoroaster Temple of Avesta Zorastians Iran
fire

Taoism Lao-Tze Homes Tao – te- Taoists China

Ching

CLASSIFICATION OF WORLD RELIGIONS

World Religions can be classified into two main types which are 1.Theism

2. Non – theism/ Atheism.

Theism – They are religions whose followers believe in God or gods.

Non – Theism/ Atheism – They are religions whose followers do not believe in God or gods
but accept the existence of a super - natural power or being.

- They believe in the teachings of their founders.

EXAMPLES OF THEISTIC AND NON – THEISTIC RELIGIONS

1. Theistic

- African Traditional Religion

- Judaism

- Christianity

- Islam

- Bahai Faith

- Sikhism

- Zoroastrianism

- Hinduism

- Shinto

2. Non theistic

- Buddhism

- Jainism

- Taoism

- Confucianism

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N.B. Theistic Religions can be divided into – Monotheism, Polytheism and Pantheism.

Monotheism – is religions which believe in one God

Polytheism are those that believe in many gods.

Pantheism is the belief that God is present in all living things.

EXAMPLES OF MONO - THEISTIC AND POLY – THEISTIC RELIGIONS

Mono Theistic Poly theistic

- Hinduism

- Judaism - Shinto

- Christianity - African Traditional Religion

- Islam -Taoism

- Bahai Faith

- Sikhism

- Zoroastrianism

EVIDENCE OF EXISTENCE OF RELIGION IN THE COMMUNITY

It can be shown through the following;

 Places of worship eg. Churches, Mosques Gurdwara

 Religious leaders eg. Pastors, prophets, Traditional doctors, Immams.
 Religious objects eg. Holy objects such as prayer beads, crosss, ditaola, statues of
gods and goddesses, lonaka, ZCC badge.
 Religious clothing includes: items such as robes, clerical collars, headgear worn by
Christians, yarmulke/ skull cap, turban worn by Sikh men.
 Religious books eg. Bibles, Quran, guru Granth Sahib.
 Behaviour and actions of followers eg. Praying, festivals eg. Christmas, Dikgafela.
Baptism, confirmation.

- Types of food eg. Moslems eat Halaal food and Jews eat kosher food.

- Behaviour eg. Showing respect, tolerance, love for one another. Helping the poor with
food clothes, shelter and praying for the sick.

THE BENEFITS OF BEING A RELIGIOUS PERSON IN THE COMMUNITY

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  Getting moral and spiritual support from members of your religion. Eg during sad
times, as grief, loneness they offer counseling and encouragement to carry on.
 Friendship – members meet fore worship or and prayer meetings. When they meet
with other of their faith, they are able to share their beliefs and establish friendships.
 Material support – Most religious groups provide food, clothes and shelter to the
poor as individuals or organizations.
 Spiritual growth – As people share beliefs with others, their understanding deepen,
they grow spiritually and their faith strengthens. Religions help people to understand
their purpose in life.
 Discovering one’s talents – Creative and artistic skills can be improved through
music, choirs and prayer at church. Some of the best musicians in the world started
out as choir members.
 Life changing – One can learn to behave in an acceptable manner eg. Some can stop
stealing, lying, doing drugs and become a trustworthy and productive member of
society.
 Unity in the community - Social gatherings allow members of a religion to share
their faith and do things together promoting the spirit of brotherhood and sisterhood.

PLACES WHERE WORLD RELIGIONS STARTED/ ORIGINATED

RELIGION WHERE IT STARTED/ PLACE OF

ORIGIN

Christianity Israel-Jerusalem

Judaism Israel

Islam Saudi Arabia- Mecca

African Traditional Religion In Botswana Botswana

Hinduism India

Sikhism India-Punjab region

Buddhism India-Nepal

Jainism India

Bahai Faith Iran

Zoroastrianism Iran

Shinto Japan

Confucianism China

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Taoism China

THE IMPORTANCE OF PLACES OF ORIGIN TO FOLLOWERS

- They are places some of the founders were born, lived or died. For example
Muhammad was born, lived and died in Mecca.

- They are important historical sites from which people can learn about their religion.

- They are sources of identity and pride for the followers of the religions.

- Followers believe these places have the power to heal the body and mind.

- Followers visit these places to strengthen their faith and get blessings.

- Followers believe that some of the places of origin were the first places created by the
Supreme Beings.

- They are the spiritual centers or capitals of religions.

WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO WORLD RELIGIONS

- Interacting with other people from different religions at school and within the
community.

- Travelling to and living in countries where people follow different religions.

- Learning about different religions in institutions such as schools, colleges and

universities.

- Charitable works that different religions carryout in different communities.

- Watching televisions, listening to the radio, reading magazines and newspapers as

well as books on religions.

- Taking part in religious ceremonies and festivals conducted by different religious

institutions in their communities.

- Browsing the internet for information about world religions.

- Listening to other people who go around preaching and converting others to their
religion.

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DIMENSIONS OF RELIGION

Dimensions of Religion are features or elements that make up religion.

There are seven dimensions of religion namely;

1. Material
2. Social
3. Ethical
4. Doctrinal
5. Mythical
6. Ritual
7. Experiential

1. RITUAL DIMENSION

Ritual dimension involves the practices or step by step actions that are always done in the
same order and way.

The ritual dimension of religion includes;

- Worship
- Praying
- Rites such as birth, puberty, marriage and death
- Regular gatherings of followers
- Receiving Holy Communion
- Sacrifices

EXAMPLES OF RITUALS IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Baptism – followers are baptised in water to show repentance in the Christian faith.
Some churches baptise babies and children, others baptise adults only.

- Worship – Most Christians worship on Sundays. The Church service includes; singing,
reading of the Bible, prayer and preaching. It may also include receiving of Holy
Communion.

ISLAM

- Worship – Muslims pray five times a day. They fast during the month of Ramadan.

- Hajj – This is a journey that followers take to Mecca at least once in their lives.

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AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

- Sacrifice – It involves killing of an animal such as cow, goat to make the ancestors
happy.

- Libations – Spilling of food or traditional beer on the ground believing that they are
giving the ancestors.

HINDUISM

- Birth rites – writing of the Hindu sacred symbol AUM with honey on a newborn baby’s
tongue.

- Puberty – The sacred thread ceremony for boys who have reached puberty.

SIKHISM

- Worship – Followers take off their shoes before entering the Gurdwara. They also share
the Langar meal after every service.

- Marriage – The bride and groom walk in a clockwise direction around the Guru Granth
sahib.

BUDDHISM

- Death rites – Monks chant verses to a person who is about to die and the body of the
dead person is burnt.

- Meditation – Followers often meditate.

IMPORTANCE OF THE RITUAL DIMENSION

Rituals are important in a religion because they;

- Strengthen followers’ faith by reminding them what is important in their religion.

- Give each religion a unique identity.

- Emphasise the teachings and laws of the religion.

- Are expressions of the beliefs of the followers.

- Bring followers together and give them a religious identity.

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 2. MATERIAL DIMENSION

This is the physical features and objects of a religion. These includes: sacred marks such as
mountains, rivers, trees and caves, buildings used as places of worship, holy books and
religious artefacts.

EXAMPLES OF MATERIAL IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Churches

- The Bible

- The cross and crucifix

HINDUISM

- The river Ganges

- The Mandir (Temple)

- The Vedas

- Statues of gods and goddesses

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

- Mountains, caves

- Shrines

- Whisk, drums

- Divining bones

- lonaka

IMPORTANCE OF MATERIAL DIMENSION

The material dimension is important because it;

- Teaches people about their religion.

- Strengthens the faith of followers.

- Gives followers identity through symbols and objects.

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- Help explain certain things in the religion.

- Shapes people’s values and behavior

3. SOCIAL DIMENSION

This is how religion provides care and support to the followers to meet their social needs.

EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL DIMENSION IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Christians come together to worship in churches.

- Celebrate special ceremonies and festivals such as Christmas and Easter together.

- Groups carry out charity work to help the poor, the sick and the needy in the society.

ISLAM

- A community of Muslims called Ummah meets in a Mosque to worship and celebrate

special festivals such as Eid – ul – Fitr and Eid -ul – Adha.

- Muslims have a duty to give to the poor and needy. This called is Zakat.

SIKHISM

- Khalsa is a group of Sikhs who have been initiated into the brotherhood and sisterhood of
pure Sikhs. They meet in the Gurdwara during worship where they share a special meal
called the Langar after the service.

IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL DIMENSION

The importance of social dimension includes:

- It brings people together to celebrate their faith.

- It gives followers a sense of belonging.

- It strengthens relationships among people.

- It gives followers sense of identity.

- Followers care and support each other in times of need.

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 4. ETHICAL DIMENSION

It involves codes of conduct about right and wrong behaviour. This includes laws on food,
dress, marriage and interpersonal relationships.

EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL DIMENSION IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

ISLAM

- According to the Sharia Law Muslims are not supposed to eat pork and they eat haalal
meat only.

- Gabbling, stealing and drinking of alcohol is not allowed.

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

- Taboos are rules of what followers should not do. For example, it is a taboo to eat your
totem.

- Proverbs also teach people about right and wrong. For example, it is right to share no
matter how little you have. ( Banabamothobakgaoganatlhogoyantsi)

CHRISTIANITY

- Christians are expected to follow the Ten Commandments. For example, honour your
mother and father, do not kill, do not steal and adultery is also not allowed.

- They also follow the teachings of Jesus when He said that they should love their
neighbours as they love themselves and treat others asthey would like to be treated.

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICAL DIMESION

The ethical dimension is important because;

- It guides the followers on what to do and not to do.

- It promotes peace and harmony in society.

- It creates good relationships among people.

- It encourages good behaviour and discourages bad behaviour.

- It guides the followers’ relationship with the Supreme Being.

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 5. DOCTRINAL DIMENSION

This refers to the beliefs and teachings of a religion. These doctrines may be written in
Holy Books or passed on from one person to another by word of mouth.

EXAMPLES OF DOCTRINES IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Trinity – Christians believe God is in three ways, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit

- They also belief and teach that there is life after death, when people die they either go to
Heaven or Hell.

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

- They believe in ancestors – Followers pray to them that they can take their messages to
God. (Modimo).

- They also believe in the oneness of God who is the creator of everything.

BAHAI FAITH

- They believe and teach that there is only one God.

- Bahai’s believe that all people are equal before God.

ISLAM

- They believe that Allah is the only true God and Muhammad is the last prophet.

- They also believe in judgment and life after death. Followers believe that the dead will
rise and all people will stand before Allah for judgment. The good ones will go to
paradise and the bad to hell.

IMPORTANCE OF DOCTRINAL DIMENSION

Doctrines are important because;

- They help people to know and understand their faith.

- They encourage people to remain strong in their faith.

- They help outsiders to understand the religion.

- They form the basis of the religion.

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 6. MYTHICAL DIMENSION

This involves the stories that try to explain things beyond human understanding. They
explain why certain things are the way they.

EXAMPLES OF MYTHS IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- God created the universe and everything in it, including the human beings in six days and
rested on the seven day. The first people were Adam and Eve.

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION IN BOTSWANA

- God sent the chameleon to tell people that they will live forever and not die. Before the
chameleon delivered the message, god sent the lizard with a different message that people
will die. The lizard arrived first and delivered the second message and when the
chameleon arrived it was too late.

SIKHISM

- In the beginning the earth had nothing and was formless. Waheguru the Supreme Being
created human beings and all the creatures.

IMPORTANCE OF MYTHICAL DIMENSION

The mythical dimension of religion is important because the stories;

- Help explain why things are they way they are in the world.

- Guide people on how to behave and live happily.

- Explain the purpose of some religious rituals.

- Help people understand their religion.

- Inspire followers

- Explain how life and death began, and what happens after death

7. EXPERIENTIAL DIMENSION

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This involves the emotions that followers feel within themselves. These include; feelings of
devotion, the presence or being one with god or gods, visions, dreams, revelations and
enlightenment.

EXAMPLES OF EXPERIENCES IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Some followers have strong feelings and claim to feel the presence of God. For example,
Paul experienced the presence of God on his way to Damascus (Acts 9:1-11) Afterwards
he became an apostle and started preaching.

ISLAM

- Prophet Muhammad while praying on mount Hira, he saw a vision of angel jibril. The
angel told him he was Allah’s messenger. He started preaching telling people to worship
one God who is Allah not idols.

SIKHISM

- Guru Nanak is said to have disappeared for three days while bathing in the river. When he
came back, he told people that he stood before God and that god sent him to preach about
worshipping true God. After the experience, he started preaching to people.

BUDDHISM

- Siddhartha Gautama experienced enlightenment while meditating under the Bodhi tree.
He said he understood the about suffering and how to overcome it. After this experience,
he preached to people and they followed him.

IMPORTANCE OF THE EXPERIENTIAL DIMENSION

The importance of experiential dimension includes;

- It helps people to know and understand their religion better.

- It can help an individual to improve his or her life.

- It can strengthen followers’ faith and beliefs.

- Followers can use their experiences to covert more people to their religion.

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THE ROLE OF RELIGION ON THE SOCIETY

Religion and personal identity

Personal identity is the features or characteristics that make an individual unique or different
from others. Examples of features that make an individual unique include his or her physical
appearance, names, interests, abilities, personal values, beliefs and character.

Religion is a source of personal identity. This means gives followers features or

characteristics that are part of the individual’s identity.

HOW RELIGION PROVIDES PERSONAL IDENTITY

- The religion a person belongs is part of his or her personal identity. For example a person
can identify himself or herself as a Christian, a Muslim or a Hindu.

- Personal values are part of personal identity because every person has his or her own set
of values. Religion influences the personal values of individual followers.

 For example a Muslim’s personal identity includes values such as generosity and
kindness. These values are based on zakat (giving to the poor) one of the five of
Islam.

 Christian values include honesty, kindness and respect these are based on the
teachings of Jesus Christ and the Bible.

- The role an individual plays in his or her religion is part of his or her personal identity.
For example

 In Christianity an individual may identify himself or herself as a pastor or priest.

 Buddhists as monks or nuns

 In African Traditional Religion some individuals can identify themselves as

traditional doctors, healers and diviners.

 In Islam an individual can identify himself or herself as follows: Granthi, a Guru

or a disciple.

HOW RELIGION PROVIDES SOCIAL IDENTITY

Social identity is when people identify themselves as members of a particular social group
and behave according to the rules and expectations of that group.

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Below are some ways in which religion helps to create social identity:

- Followers identify themselves as a group and value being members of that religious
group. For example groups of followers identify themselves as Christians, Muslims or
Buddhists.

- Some religions have dress code for followers. The dress code is unique to followers of
the religion and identifies them as members of that particular religion. For example Sikh
men wear a turban. Muslim women wear clothes that cover the whole body except the
face or eyes and the hands.

- Different religions have different beliefs and teachings, ethical codes, rituals, ceremonies
and festivals. These religious differences influence how followers see themselves
compared to followers of other religions. For example:

 Some religions have laws about food that followers should not eat e.g. Muslims
eat halaal food. They are not supposed to eat pork.

 Jews should eat kosher food only.

 Hindus follow the laws of Manu

THE ROLE OF RELIGION ON THE CONCERNS OF THE SOCIETY

Societies today have many concerns; social, political and economic concerns about the way
people live and behave.

Social concerns

Society has over period of time undergone many changes: some good and some bad. Some of
the social problems and issues we face to today are;

- Immoral behaviour

- disregard for the environment,

- HIV/AIDS,

- Substance abuse,

- teenage pregnancy and abortion

- crime and vandalism

- Dysfunctional families

- Gender inequality

Political concerns

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Some of the decisions the World’s politicians have made have been very disruptive to
citizens creating a lot of problems in the society. They have created poor government
policies. They have also promoted wars based on dishonest accusations, and have allowed the
abuse of human Rights.

Economic concerns

Every country has a system of trade and industry. This system is called a country’s economy.
Decisions made by the government concerning the economy can affect citizens either
positively or negatively. Many governments fail to empower their citizens economically. The
gap between the rich and the poor keeps getting wider. Some include;

- Unemployment and poverty

- Poor economic development

Examples of the concerns of the society include:

SOCIAL ECONOMIC POLITICAL

- Crime and vandalism - Unemployment and - Corruption

poverty
- Substance abuse - Abuse of Human Rights
- Over population
- HIV /AIDS - War
- Economic Development
- High rate of divorce and (gap between the rich and - Terrorism
co-habitation the poor)
- Disregard for the - Disregard for
environment environment
- Immoral behaviour - (Global warming,
Pollution)

POSITIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON SOCIAL CONCERNS

- Religions teach moral values such as honesty, kindness and caring that help people to live
peacefully together

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- The codes of conduct encourage moral behaviour for example people are encouraged to
abstain from sex until marriage. They should not steal, lie, kill and should treat others
with respect.

- One way of preventing the spread of HIV is by being faithful to one partner. Most
religions allow their followers to marry only one wife or husband.

- Religions offer counselling and support to people infected and affected with HIV/AIDS.
Some give basic needs such as food, clothing and love.

- Religion influences family values, principles and decisions which can help to prevent
divorce illegitimate children, child abuse domestic violence and abortion.

- Religious beliefs provide answers to crisis such as accidents, diseases, death and other
struggles.

NEGATIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON SOCIAL CONCERNS

- Some religious leaders are not good role models of moral values and codes of conduct of
their religions. For example, they misuse church funds, have illicit love affairs, abuse
drugs and alcohol and are not kind towards others.

- Some religions do not allow their followers to use condoms. If a follower is HIV positive,
his or her partner may also be infected.

- There are some religions which allow men to marry more than one wife. If one of his
wives is HIV positive, they may all become infected with the virus.

- Some religious groups do not allow divorce because marriage is a union blessed by God.
As a result some people end up living in abusive marriages.

POSITIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON ECONOMIC CONCERNS

- Religions encourage the spirit of giving among people. People with money are
encouraged to help the poor and the needy.

- Some religions have charity organisations whose main aim is to help the poor and needy.

- Some religions run schools that help educate young people so that they can get jobs in
future.

- Some have organisations that employ people in the community, For example, nursery
schools, orphanages and HIV /AIDS counsellingcentres.

- Religious business leaders align their corporate values (trust, respect, hard work) to their
religious principles. This greatly influences the work culture, improving performance and
boosting productivity.

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- Some religions contribute to economic development by providing education and health
services.

- Some religions allow followers to use any type of contraceptive to limit their family sizes
this helps to avoid over population.

NEGATIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON ECONOMIC CONCERNS

- Some religions practice polygamy as a result, some families may have many children.
These families can end up being poor because they do not have enough money a large
family.

- Some religions do not encourage people to work. These people dedicate their lives to God
and only live through what they are given by members of the society. This becomes a
burden to society.

- Some religions do not contribute to the economic development of the wider community.
For example they do not have charity organisations, schools or medical services. The
money followers contribute is spent on religious activities that benefit the religion only.

- Some religions discourage followers from using effective birth control methods such as
contraceptive pills and condoms. This results in families having many children leading to
over population.

POSITIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON POLITICAL CONCERNS

- Some religions speak out in support of the rights of people. Religions teach that people
are created equal and encourage that everyone should be treated fairly and with dignity.

- Some encourage their members to actively take part in politics.

- In many countries religious groups are consulted when important laws are to be passed
such as when writing a new constitution for a country.

- In some countries religion is a source of government authority and law, for example in
Islamic countries like Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.

- Most religions preach against war. For example Buddhism does not allow its followers to
work as soldiers or in any war related business.

- Most religions condemn terrorism as wrong. They discourage their followers from using
violence to achieve political goals.

NEGATIVEROLE OF RELIGION ON POLITICAL CONCERNS

- Some religions violate Human Rights. For example women are not treated equally to
men. They are not allowed to preach or to become leaders.

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- Some religions feel it is not religious to take part in politics; they therefore discourage
members to be actively involved in politics.

- Some religions fail to address issues of corruption because some powerful people in the
religion are involved.

- Some religions accept the idea of just wars. These religions feel war is justified as long
as they fight and defend their beliefs. As a result, lots of lives have been lost in the name
of religion.

- Some religious leaders encourage their followers to carry out terrorists act as a way of
defending their religion.

WORLD RELIGIONS IN BOTSWANA

There are many different world religions in Botswana. Most of these religions were brought
to Botswana by missionaries and other settlers. Some of the world religions found in
Botswana are: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Baha’i Faith, Buddhism and Sikhism.

THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD RELIGIONS IN

BOTSWANA

1. ISLAM
 Islam was brought to Botswana Muslim traders around 1882.
 The first Indian trader Bhanastarted trading in Moshupa and Molepolole and
he settled in Moshupa.
 More Indian traders arrived in later years.
 Among them was a man called Banuwho bought some shops from Bhana. He
invited members of his extended family to come and work for him.
 The presence of Muslim families in Moshupa and Molepolole led to the
growth of Muslim communities in these areas.
 Other Muslim traders had settled in Ramotswa.
 Ramotswa became the centre where most Muslims met to carry out their
religious activities(e.g. celebrate festivals such as Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ulAdha)
 In 1967 an Islamic centre was built in Lobatse
 A mosque was built in Gaborone in 1980, and it became the cultural centre for
all Muslims living in Botswana.
 Muslims now live in many villages and towns in Botswana. These include:
Gaborone, Lobatse, Francistown, Selibe-Phikwe, Maun, Mahalapye, Palapye,
Mochudi, Molepolole, Moshupa, Thamaga, Kanye, Jwaneng and Serowe.

2. HINDUISM
 Hinduism was brought to Botswana by Hindu settlers from India around the
1890s.
 More Hindus came to Botswana after 1972, to trade and open businesses.

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  When they settled in Botswana, they brought their religion with them and they
met in their individual homes to hold prayer services.
 In 1979 they formed and registered the Hindu society.
 The main aim of the society was to keep the Hindu tradition alive and enable
the Hindus to carry out their religious activities.
 The society helped to build community halls in Gaborone, Francistown and
Phikwe.
 Followers used to meet in these halls for prayer and services and other
religious activities.
 They later built Hindu temples which are open to all people.
 Hindu followers are found in Gaborone, Phikwe, Francistown, Lobatse,
Serowe, Palapye, Mahalapye, Kanye and Mochudi.

3. SIKHISM
 Sikhism was established in Botswana around 1974.
 It was brought by Sikh families who had come to settle in Botswana.
 The families used to meet in their homes for prayer services.
 In 1986, the Sikh council of Botswana was formed and registered.
 The aim of the council was to help the Sikhs to meet their religious needs and
carry out their religious activities
 A Sikh temple (Gurdwara) was built in Gaborone in 1990.
 In Botswana, Sikhs are mostly found in Gaborone, Francistown, Phikwe,
Lobatse, Mochudi and Molepolole.

4. BUDDHISM
 Buddhism was introduced in Botswana around 1974 by Buddhist families
from India, Thailand, Germany, Italy and South Africa.
 These families came to trade and do business in Botswana.
 In 1990, they formed the Botswana Buddhist Society which was based on
Buddhist principles and so that they could meet and practise their religious
activities.
 They also built a centre in Gaborone where they could meet for worship and
meditation.
 They also met to celebrate their religious festivals.
 Buddhism is mostly found in Gaborone, Francistown, Lobatse and Kanye.

5. BAHAI FAITH
 A Canadian couple John and Audrey Robarts came to Botswana to introduce
Baha’i Faith.
 Their primary goal was to bring the message of Bahaullah to Botswana.
 They settled in Mafikeng which was the capital of Bechuanaland by then, as
their basis for teaching the faith.

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  It was difficult for them to teach the blacks as it was during the era of
apartheid.
 They managed to spread their religion when their black maid got sick and they
took her to a black doctor.
 They took the opportunity to introduce the religion to Dr Molema, who later
introduced the faith to a relative Mr StanlakeKukama.
 Mr Kukama was the first person to declare his beliefs and signed his
acceptance card in Bechuanaland.
 The faith spread in Bechuanaland with the help of teachers from South Africa
and other countries.
 Baha’i Faith is now widely distributed in Botswana and is found in more than
200 villages.
 Baha’i Centres are found in the following area: Gaborone, Tlokweng,
Mahalapye, Palapye, and Francistown.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD RELIGIONS IN BOTSWANA

The followers of the different religions that have been discussed are mostly found in urban
and semi-urban areas in Botswana. This is because:

 The area are densely populated and well developed

 The areas have tarred roads, electricity and running water
 They have industries where one can earn a living through employment opportunities
that are available
 Transport is available in these areas as they are along the railway and main roads
 There are communication systems available e.g. telephones in these areas.
It is therefore clear that followers of these religions are found in urban areas while only a
few are found in rural areas. However followers of ATR in Botswana are found living
throughout the country.

FACTORS THAT PROMOTED THE SPREAD OF WORLD RELIGIONS IN

OTHER PARTS OF BOTSWANA

1. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
In Botswana there is freedom of worship. People are free to practice their religion in
any part of the country. The constitution of Botswana says that every religious
community may establish its own place of worship.
2. RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE
Freedom of worship has helped people tolerate other people’s religions. Relations
between different religions in Botswana are generally good and members are friendly
towards each other.
3. MIGRATION

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 There are people who have moved from their countries to Botswana for various
reasons. These people brought their religion with them which they started practicing
and spreading around the country.

4. CONVERTING RELIGIONS
There is no law stopping religions from converting people to their religious faith in
Botswana. Some world religions have been preaching their doctrines to Batswana in
order to convert them to their religions.
5. TRADE
When followers of the different religions established business in Botswana, they came
with their families and as a result those families practiced their religious beliefs as
part of their daily lives. Some Batswana became interested and were converted to
those religions and they spread throughout the country.
6. LITERACY
Missionaries brought education to the people and built schools. As a result people
were able to read and write and this influenced them to join these religions. This
helped these religions to become firmly established and spread in Botswana.
FACTORS THAT HINDERED THE SPREAD OF WORLD RELIGINS IN
BOTSWANA

1. EXISTENCE OF CHRISTIANITY
Christianity was already established and practised in Botswana. Most of Batswana were
already Christians and therefore did not join these other religions.
2. NON CONVERTING RELIGIONS
Some religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism do not convert people; therefore people
did not get to know the religions.
3. CULTURAL BARRIER
Cultural things such as language, certain food types and codes of conduct on dressing
used by some followers of the world religions were different from what Batswana were
used to.
4. CULTURAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES
People were already used to their traditional culture and beliefs. The new religions
brought their own culture and beliefs which people found difficult to understand and
follow.
5. LACK OF AMMENITIES
Some of the religions could not reach people living in the most remote areas of
Botswana due to bad roads and shortage of electricity and other services.
WAYS OF IDENTIFYING WORLD RELIGIONS IN BOTSWANA

World religions can be identified in the following ways;

 RELIGIOUS CLOTHING/DRESS CODE

Members of different religions can be identified through the clothing worn by the
followers.

22
  PLACES OF WORSHIP
Most religions have buildings or places where they meet for worship e.g. churches,
temples, mosques etc.
 HOLY BOOKS
Some religions can be identified by their holy books.
 RELIGIOUS OBJECTS AND SYMBOLS
Different religions can be identified by the different objects and symbols they use.
 CEREMONIES AND FESTIVALS
The various religions in Botswana can be identified through the ceremonies and
festivals they perform.

ADVANTAGES OF KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING WORLD RELIGIONS IN

BOTSWANA

Knowing and understanding world religions is important because:

 It encourages respect for different religious beliefs and practices.

 Encourage tolerance of different religious beliefs which promotes peace in society.
 Make people aware of the teachings and beliefs of different religions which helps
them to interact better having knowledge of other religions.
 Prevent misunderstanding and misconceptions about the teachings and beliefs of
different religions which can lead to discrimination against minority religions.
 Creates unity and peaceful co-existence between people of different religions.
 Promotes equal treatment of people and the development of shared moral values.
WHY BATSWANA CONVERT TO WORLD RELIGIONS PRACTISED IN
BOTSWANA

Since the establishment of world religions some Batswana converted to these religions and
left their own traditional religion. Some of the reasons why they converted are:

 The religions satisfied their spiritual hunger (spiritual needs).

 They have seen the good work that has been done by the religions.
 They have been married to people in those religions.
 They live next to the place of worship where services are held.
 They have experienced difficult situations e.g. sickness and they got help from the
religions.
 It’s a personal decision made by an individual.
 They have been persuaded by their friends or relatives.

23
 RELIGIOUS FOUNDERS

Religious founders are people who started a religion. Community religious leaders can inherit
leadership, be appointed, promoted, and elected by members to become leaders or active
participation in the religion.

FOUNDERS OF DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

RELIGION FOUNDER
Christianity Jesus Christ
Islam Prophet Muhammad
Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama
Sikhism Guru Nanak
Baha’i Faith Baha’u’llah
Judaism Abraham

The following guidelines should be used when discussing the life of any founder of a
religion:-

 His birth ( where and when the founder was born)

 Who were the parents and their social status (if known)
 How he lived
 His teachings
 His death and burial.

THE LIFES OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FOUNDERS

1. Jesus Christ

-His birth was proclaimed by the early prophets as the messiah

-He was conceived of the Holy Spirit by the Virgin Mary who was engaged to Joseph

-His father Joseph was a carpenter

-The angel of the Lord told Joseph to marry Mary and name the child Jesus.

-Jesus was born during the reign of King Herod. He felt threatened by Jesus’ birth and
ordered his soldiers to kill all young boys who are aged between zero to two years.

-Mary and Joseph escaped with Jesus to Egypt

24
-At the age of twelve years, Jesus and his parents went to Jerusalem for the Passover meal.
Jesus remained behind when his parents left. Later they found him talking to religious leaders
in a temple.

-At the age of thirty he was baptized by John the Baptist.

-He then went into the wilderness to pray. He fasted for forty days and forty nights.

-At the end of the fast he started preaching. He encouraged people to change their immoral
behavior.

-He healed the sick, cast out demons, raised people from the dead.

-He taught people to love one another, be kind and forgiving.

-he chose twelve disciples to help him spread the gospel.

-He was accused by the chief priest and the elders in Jerusalem that he is misleading people
by his teachings and calling himself the messiah.

-He was arrested and brought before Pontius Pilate to sentence him.

-Pilate wanted to free Jesus for he did not found him guilty of anything but the people
shouted that he should be crucified.

-He was nailed in the cross.

-He woke up from the dead after three days.

-He then lived for forty days and ascended to heaven.

2. PROPHET MUHAMMAD

-He was born in Mecca in 570 CE

-He was an orphan

-He could not read nor write

-His father died before he was born; his mother died when he was six years old; was looked
after by his grandfather and later his uncle.

-He later worked as a trader

-He worked for a rich lady called Khadijah whom he later married

- He was not comfortable about immoral acts in Mecca and so went out to meditate at Mount
Hira.

-He received visions from Angel Jibril

-He started preaching and many people disliked him for he was criticizing their way of life

25
-He fled to Medina ii 622CE, and was able to get a congregation

-He defeated Mecca in 630CE and built the Ka’ba dedicated to worship Allah

-He died in 632CE at the age of 62 and was succeeded by Abu Bakar

3. BAHA’ULLAH

-He was born in 12 November 1867 in Tehran, Persia.

-his father was a wealthy government minister

-He married AsiyihKhanum in 1835 and had three children, two sons and one daughter.

-He dedicated his life to charity work and was nick-named “Father of the Poor”

-He was a member of the Bab movement and in 1850 they were arrested and some of his
colleagues sentenced to death. He escaped death and was taken to the “Black Pit”

-He received revelations while in prison

-He was then released from the “Black Pit” after four months and taken to other prisons

-While in prison, he wrote 100 books. The Baha’i holy book Kitab-i-Aqdas, was one of them.

4. SIDDHARTA GAUTAMA

-He was born in Lumbini in 563 BCE

-He is the son of Raja Shuddhodana, who was the ruler of the Kingdom of Kapilavastsu.

-His mother was Queen Maya who died a week after his birth and was raised by his aunt

-His birth was prophesied as a great ruler, but if he sees suffering he will then become a great
religious leader.

-He was restricted from going out of the house for fear of seeing suffering because his father
wanted him to be great ruler

-He married Princess Yasodhara at the age of sixteen and had one son named Rahula.

-At the age of twenty-nine, he escaped from the palace and saw four things which changed
his life forever. These were: - A sick person, an old man, a dead person and a holy man.

26
FOUNDER KEY VISION LEADERS EFFECTS CHALLENGE FACTORS THAT
ROLES ABOUT THE HIP OF THE S HELPED
SOCIETY QUALITI NEW SURVIVAL OF
ES RELIGION RELIGION

Baha’u’lla -agent of -people who -humble -tension -persecution of -a clear succession

social live in peace and fair between his followers plan
change -justice and - Baha’u’llah -he was -his writings
-leader peace prevails charismatic and his imprisoned in -translation of
of his -united people leader brother the “black pit” Baha’u’llah and
clan -all religions -Most people Baha’s writings
become one were Muslims -successors spread the
-no prejudice in the society religion
and -was once
discrimination exiled
-people’s -he bought a
relationships house to use as
guided by a centre of
moral values pilgrimage but
was taken by the
Muslim
community and
never returned it
-His younger
brother
challenged him
that he is not the
Promised one”
Jesus Christ -miracle -honored and -led by -people’s -opposed by --the teachings of
worker worshipped example attitudes Jewish religious Jesus Christ
- only ONE true -committed were leaders and -The commitment of
reformer God leader changed political Jesus Followers
-loved their -people authorities -The fulfillment of
neighbors converted to -Confusion of Jesus Christ’s
compassionate Christianity whether Jesus is prophecy about his
and does not the said Messiah death
discriminate - Tempted by
-loved and the devil
cared for each -People rejected
other his teachings
-honest and not
selfish

27
 -forgive others
- -No idol -honest -introduced -people did not -The establishment of
Prophet reformer worship leader worship of believe his the caliphate
Muhammad -prophet -morally good - one God teachings -Military conquest
-political -treat others compassion -Islam -opposed by -Collection and
and equally and ate became a people in Mecca recordings of prophet
military fairly -fair political -Christianity Muhammad’s
leader -compassionate - power and Judaism teachings
and honest determined were already
leader established

-prophet -people who -good -women had -existence of -clear succession plan
-social understand that planner the same Islam and -the writings of the
reformer God is -committed status as Hinduism Gurus
everywhere leader men -society based -establishment of the
Guru Nanak and could be - on caste system preaching missions
worshipped -people rejected -the construction of
anywhere his teachings temples
-religious -was arrested -Sikhs were prepared
tolerance and made to to fight for their
-compassionate work as slave religion
people -spent 25 years
-no preaching and
discrimination neglected his
-people who family
are morally
good

-enlightened -focused -established -the existence of -the Sangha

-role people leader the sangha Hinduism community spread the
model -people who -led by -built -the existence of religion
-social understand the example monasteries the caste system -written records of his
reformer Four Noble -nearly died of teachings
Siddharta Truths starvation -positive effects of
Gautama -people who during the fast Buddha’s teachings
follow the -left his wife -The Emperor’s
EightFold Path and new child to conversion
-peace and search for truth
harmony
prevails
-equal
treatment of all
-respect for all
-compassionate
-no harming of
others
-agent of - -worship of -idol worship -Abraham’s lineage
social courageous idols -his wife was continued his
change and fair declined barren teachings
Abraham -leader -humble - -ill-treatment of -loyalty to the

28
 of his circumcision strangers covenant
clan of boys -religious leaders
started continued his
teachings

RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS

WHAT IS A SYMBOL?

A symbol is a picture, sound, written word, imageor object that represents or expresses an
idea.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR SYMBOLS

Areligious symbol is a picture, sound, written word, image or object that represent or express
an idea of a religion whereas a secular symbol is a picture, sound, written word, image or
object that represents or expresses a non-religious idea.

RELIGION SYMBO ORIGIN MEANING USE

L

CHRISTIAN HOLY -Jesus Christ was It is used for protection and healing.
ITY CROSS crucified on the Crucifix- A cross -It helps Christians to focus during prayer
cross and - with the figure of and meditation.
crucifixion was a Jesus Christ on it, -Some Christians use it for identification.
method of death symbolizes the - They have it embroidered on the attire or
penalty. crucifixion of wear it as pendants on chains, necklaces
Jesus Christ and and rosaries
the sacrifices he
made for the
salvation of
people.
FISH The fish was . It symbolizes It was used for identification.
used by early Jesus as a fisher e.g. when two people met and one was not
Christians as a man. sure if the other person was a Christian,
symbol to - It also he/she would draw a curved line on the
identify each symbolizes ground. If the other person was a Christian,
other during the baptism since fish h/she would draw another curved line to
time when they live in water. complete the drawing and form an outline
were being of a fish.
persecuted by the - It can also be used as stickers on cars and
Roman decorations on clothes.
government
ISLAM The Starts were used - It shows -It is used as an emblem on the flag of
crescent to guide people Allah’s most Islamic countries.
moon in the desert unchanging - Used to identify Islamic buildingse.g.

29
 and star while the moon purpose in Mosques.
shone enabling guiding those
them to see at who submit to
night while him.
travelling e.g. - Guide Muslims
Prophet to the right
Muhammad. way of life.
Shahad This is the - It represents -Muslims recite it everyday
ah declaration of Muslims -A dying person says it before death, if one
faith. It is acceptance is unable to say it thensomeonesays it on
extracted from thatAllah is his/her behalf.
Muhammad’s onetrue God
teachings that and
there is no other Muhammad is
God but Allah his prophet.
and Muhammad
is his prophet
HINDUISM AUM The sound Aum -It was the first - It is uttered at the beginning of Hindu
was heard at the sound Brahman prayers or mantras and during meditation
beginning of created and to help Hindus focus.
creation represents ideas in - It can be worn as a pendant for necklaces,
threes e.g. the for decoration and protection.
three main gods ( - It is written on posters that decorate
Brahma, Vishnu Hindu shrines and temples.
and Shiva) - It can be used in tattoos and body arts.
The It is traced back - It shows that - It is used as a decorative symbol on
lotus to the time of the souls of Hindu temples.
flower creation where it human beings - It helps Hindus to focus during prayers
grew out of can rise and and meditation.
Vishnu’s navel blossom like a - Can be used as a vegetable
and was used to lotus flower to - Its stems can be dried and used as
create the rest of a point of scented herbal tree.
the universe enlightenment.
- It is a symbol
of creation.
- It represents
purity and
cleanliness.
- It symbolises
the awakening
of the
spirituality of
life.
- It represents
the struggle of
life in its most
basic form.
SWAS It is traced back -It indicates that -It is a common feature during the festival
TIKA to the times when Brahman has no of Dewali
people built their beginning or end - It is used in Hindu homes as an ornament

30
 buildings in the like the shape of or decoration.
shape of the the Swastika. - Can be used for identification purposes
Swastika for - Represents the e.g. on Temples, altars, pictures etc.
security reasons unchanging, all
directional and
endless nature of
the Supreme Spirit
-Represents good
luck, good fortune
or well being
BAHAI The Nine is the - It signifies - It is used for identification of Bahai
FAITH Nine highest single God’s glory centres and Temples.
FAITH Pointed digit number and and honoured - It is used as a banner on the front of
Star the Arabic letters that he should Bahai Temples and houses of worship.
for Baha(glory) be adored. - Bahai’s also engrave it on their
add up to nine. - It shows that tombstones.
Nine years after God guides - Bahai Temples are shaped like the nine
the Baha people to the pointed star.
announced the right way of
coming of a living.
chosen - It symbolises
messenger completeness
Bahaullah had and perfection
the revelation
that he was the
chosen one while
in prison.

The Bahai’s believed - Baha means - It is engraved on jewellery and

Greatest that the greatest ‘light or glory’ tombstones.
Name name was it refers to - It is also put on Bahai’s homes and
unknown until Bahaulla places where there are Bahai activities.
Bab revealed it. because he was
a supreme
being revealed
by God.
- It represents
God as the
creator,
comforter and
protector.
The It was designed - The upper line -Can be engraved on personal rings
ring by Abdul Baha, represents the
stone Bahaullah’sson world of God,
the creator.
- The middle
line represents
the world of

31
 prophets or
God’s
manifestation.
- The bottom
line represents
the world of
man.
- The vertical
line represents
the divine
messengers
FROM God.
- The twin stars
represent the
Bab and
Bahaullah’s
messenger
from God
BUDDHISM Eight- Early Buddhists The wheel It can be used for identification. For
spoked represented the represents the example, it can be an emblem/decoration
wheel Buddha’s continuous cycle and can be put on Buddhist Temples.
teachings with a of birth, life, death
symbol of an and re-birth. The It is worn as a pendant for necklaces
eight-spoked eight spokes
wheel represent the
Noble Eightfold
Path Buddhists
should follow to
reach
enlightenment

The Followers - White lotus - Most parts of the lotus are eaten
lotus believe that represents spiritual - Boiled dried seeds of the lotus ins syrup
flower Buddha could perfection and make sweets
- The lotus can be cut thinly and boiled
walk when he mental purity.
with pork to make a nice soup.
was born. He - Drink can be made from the roots of the
took seven steps -Pink lotus
lotus
and lotus represents the
- Larger leaves are used to steam food.
flowers opened great Buddha - Different medicines can be made from
up where he the petals and stems of the lotus.
- Red lotus
stepped to represent the
support his soft original natural
feet. and purity of heart.
It represents love.

- Blue lotus

32
 represents victory
of the spirit over
the senses and the
wisdom or
knowledge that
people should
have.

The The Buddha The Bodhi tree is a The Bodhi tree is grown in Buddhi
Bodhi reached symbol of : - temples. Pilgrims often visit Bodhi trees
tree enlightenment Buddha’s presence around Nepal.
while sitting
under a big fig - Wisdom and
tree in a place peace
called Bodh
Gaya in India.
Followers call
this type of tree
the Bodhi tree.

SIKHISM The The Khanda The circle - Used for steering the amrit used during
Khanda Crest consists of represents the the Khalsa initiation ceremony.
Crest four weapons unity of mankind
used by Sikhs and the oneness of - Used for identification, e.g flags, Nishan
during the time God. Sahib, embroidered on cloths that cover
of Guru the platform on which the Guru Granth
Gorbind Singh God has no Sahib is put.
to defend beginning and no
themselves and end.
their religion. It symbolizes the
Khalsa and
readiness to defend
the religion.

The double edged

sword in the center
represents the two
kinds of powers
that influence a
person; the secular
and the spiritual.

The two curving

33
 swords called
kirpans, remind
Sikhs that they
should be prepared
to defend their
religion.

The It is based on it symbolizes the Identification, eg. It is engraved in the

EkOnk the Sikh belief oneness of God walls of the Gurdwara.
ar/ En in one God
which was Decorates the beginning of the Holy book,
Omkar
emphasized by the Guru Granth Sahib.
Guru Nanak and
he inscribed it
to show how he
adored God
The Sikhs believe The Khanda Crest The Nishan Sahib identifies the location of
Nishan that the flag was on the flag a gurdwara.
Sahib brought from represents the
the kingdom of beliefs and values
God by Guru of the Sikh faith.
Nanak

34
CHRISTIANITY IN BOTSWANA

WHY THE EARLY MISSIONARIESDECIDED TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY IN

BOTSWANA

1. They believed that through spreading Christianity in Botswana, Batswana will be saved.

2. They believed that as it is indicated in their holly book in Mathew 28:19 they should share
the believes of their religion with others.

3. They thought Africans were uncivilized and without religion and converting them was a
way of introducing a religion.

4. Around 18th and 19th Century America and European countries were going through
Evangelical or religious revival and as a result they formed Missionary Societies. The
societies sent Missionaries to different parts of the world including Africa to spread
Christianity.

MISSIONERIES VIEWS/ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT AFRICANS AND THEIR

UNDERSTANDING OF RELIGION

1. Missionaries saw Africans as inferior and they felt their culture was better that the African
culture.

2. They saw Africans as heathens who had no belief in God.

3. They saw African customs as uncivilized and evil. For example, they referred to
traditional doctors as witchdoctors.

THE STRATEGIES MISSIONARIES USED TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY IN

BOTSWANA

1. They created good relationships with Chiefs eg they became advisors to some Dikgosi.

- David Livingston converted KgosiSechele of Bakwena

2. They trained Batswana evangelists who helped them in spreading the word of God.

3. They built schoosl where Batswana were introduced to western educatione.g (Moeding
College)

4. They built health facilities which converted Batswana to use western medicines.

5. They built Churches in major villages like Mochudi

6. They translated the Bible into Setswana which became easy for Batswana to understand
the religion. Robert Moffat translated the Bible to Setswana.

35
THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN SPREADING CHRISTIANITY IN BOTSWANA

1. There are radio programmes and television programmes broadcasted about

Christianity e.g. Melodiyakgalaletso (BTV) and O rudisamoyawame(Radio
Botswana)
2. There are video cassettes, D.V.Ds and C.Ds sold containing Christian sermons and
music etc.
3. Advertisements are always made informing people about Christian meetings,
crusades, testimoniesetc.
4. Pamphlets, fliers, book such as the Bible teach people about this religion.

REASON WHY BATSWANA ACCEPTED CHRISTIANITY

1. The missionaries started by converting Batswana chiefs and it were easier for
Batswana to follow since they had trust and respect in their chiefs.
2. They provided Batswana with schools and hospitals and these attracted Batswana to
the religion.
3. They translated the Bible in Setswana which was easily understood.
4. Christianity has some similarities with traditional religion (Believing in God) hence
making them tolerant towards it.
5. They supported Batswana against their enemies and Batswana accepted their religion
in return.

REASONS FOR EXPANSION AND DOMINANCE OF CHRISTIANITY IN

BOTSWANA

Some of the reasons why Christianity expanded and is dominant in Botswana are:

1. Unlike other world religions, Christianity persuade new members to join the religion
(converting religion)
2. Christianity was introduced to Botswana before other religions and converted many
Batswana.
3. British colony was by then ruling Batswana and therefore assisted the missionaries in
converting Batswana to Christianity.
WAYS IN WHICH CHRISTIANITY INFLUENCED THE LIFESTYLES OF
BATSWANA
Christianity influenced Batswana both socially, politically and economically

SOCIAL INFLUENCE

These are the influences that are seen in our communities and have been brought by
Christianity:

36
They are:

1. Dikgosi no longer lead their people in traditional religious rituals ceremonies

2. New Christian laws have banned (stopped) customs since they are seen as immoral
and unchristian.For example, bogadi, bogwera and bojale, also polygamy have been
stopped

POLITICAL INFLUENCE
There are influences that concern the leadership or governance on the country.
These include:

1. Batswana are following a Christian calendar and are observing all the Christian holidays as
public holidays
2. Batswana observe the Christian Sabbath day and most of them worship on that day.
3. Many government meetings and celebrations are started with a Christian prayer.
4. The religious Education syllabus in schools stresses on the teaching of Christianity.
5 .The Bible is used to give an Oath in Court of law.

ECONOMIC INFLUENCE

1. Batswana were taught new skills when the missionaries introduced the religion and were
able to get new jobs.
2. Batswana were also taught how to use ploughs other than hoes and were able to cultivate
larger fields hence producing more crops.
3. The building of schools for Batswana by the missionaries made it possible for Batswana to
read, write and get paid jobs.
4. Christians helped the poor, needy and orphaned children with basic needs
5. The tithes (10% of their earning) were used to run church activities and to take care of the
under privileged Batswana

37
CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS IN BOTSWANA
There are three main Christian denominations in Botswana.
These are:
Mainline churches
Pentecostal churches
African Independent Churches (AIC’S)

MAINLINE CHURCHES
These include:
Anglican Church
Dutch Reformed Church
Lutheran Church
Seventh Day Adventist (S.D.A)
United Congregation Church of Southern Africa
Roman Catholic Church

THE CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES OF THE MAINLINE CHURCHES

1. They were introduced by the missionaries and are still part of the original or parent
churches that established them in Botswana
2. The structure of the church is determined by the parent church as far as leadership
positions are concerned.
3. Mainline churches provide social facilities such as schools, hospitals etc.
4. They have printed (books) where they read and recite their prayers.

PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES
These includes:
African Evangelical
Apostolic Faith Mission
Assemblies of God
Bible Life Ministries
Deeper Life Ministries
Holiness Union Church of Botswana
Pentecostal Holiness Church in Botswana
Family of God

THE CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES OF THE PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES

- They are based on a story in the Bible (Acts 2:1-21
- Worship often involves followers speaking in “tongues”
- Followers usually pray aloud
- There is usually an altar call where the Pastor prays for followers before the service ends

38
THE AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CHURCHES
These includes:
Bethlehem City of Christ Zion
Church of God Christ
Spiritual healing Church
Zion Christian Church
Nazareth Church in Botswana

THE CHARACTERISTICS OR FEATURES OF THE AFRICAN INDEPENDENT

CHURCHES

1. They are founded in Africa by the Africans

2. They are self financing (raise funds for themselves) and are self governing (have no
external governors)
3. Their believes, worship and practices includes aspects of the African traditional Religion
and Christianity
4. Both men and women can get leadership positions in the churches
5. They believe prayer can heal the sick

REASONS FOR EXISTANCE OF MANY CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS IN

BOTSWANA

1. Christianity was the first religion to be introduced and many people converted to it.
2. The constitution of Botswana gives people freedom of worship as long as they meet the
Requirements of registering a church
3. Some Batswana returning from South Africa brought along the African independent
churches

4. People who broke away from the mainline churches formed the African independent
churches

THE IMPACT (EFFECTS) OF THE EXISTENCE OF MANY CHRISTIAN

DENOMINATIONS IN BOTSWANA

1. People are free to choose from many denominations

2. Churches needs to work very hard so that they can convert many people

3. Some denominations perform rituals in open spaces and this causes soil erosion

4. The land which could be used for developments is being used to build many places of
worship

5. Many denominations help in the formation of the church council that runs the welfare of
the different denominations

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6. Too many denominations can also cause the imbalance of the membership of different

denominations. Some denominations have many people while others have fewer people

7. These many denominations have led to intolerance within the Christian religion. Some
denominations feel they are much better than other and this leads to conflicts

WAYS IN WHICH CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS ACTED AS AGENTS OF

CHANGE IN BOTSWANA SOCIETY

1. After the introduction of the Christian religion, many Batswana left their traditional
religion and became Christians

2. The missionaries condemned the African culture and made Batswana to adopt the western
culture. For, example, they made Batswana to abandon initiation schools.

3. The missionaries also introduced the western education where Batswana were taught how
to read and write.

4. Missionaries built clinics and Batswana use them instead of going to traditional doctors.

6. Christianity also has organizations such as BOCAIP that encourages Batswana to change
their behavior in the fight against HIV/ AIDS.

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AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CHURCHES (AIC’s)

Why do we have a lot of AIC’s Southern Africa?

1. The Africans started these African Independent Churches in order to include their culture
which was rejected by the missionaries

2. They formed (AIC’s) in order to adapt both the African culture such as healing and
Christian beliefs

3. They broke away from mainline churches. They felt this will encourage and promote their
spiritual gifts such as faith healing and prophesying.

4. Africans formed their churches which allow them to be leaders since the missionaries
discriminated them from leadership

5. Some AIC’s began because leaders did not want to be controlledbychurch parent bodies

6. Some were formed because of the conflicts between leaders in the church over
administrative matters

7. Some were formed because members did not agree over who will take over after the
leader dies

8. Some were formed because of the misunderstanding of how the church funds/ money is
used

9. Some were formed because people wanted to exercise their right to freedom of worship

THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIC’s

 They were founded in Africa by African men and women

 They are led by founders of the churches
 They mix both African Traditional religion and Christian features
 Theybaptize through total immersion in water

 They have women in leadership positions

 Followers remove their shoes when entering the places of worship

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THE CHRISTIAN AND A.T.R. traits in the A.I.C’s

A trait is a characteristic that is shown through behavior

The traits of Christianity and A.T.R are;

Christians traits in AIC’s ATR traits in AIC’s

-The belief in the doctrine of trinity -The use of traditional doctors and medicine

God the father, the son and the for healing and divination

Holy Spirit as one God -The use of water for healing and traditional

-The belief Jesus Christ is the son of medicine such as sewacho. (Sewacho is ash

God and savior of people made from certain tree barks burnt

- Faith healing: Jesus Christ is seen as together with newspapers).

the healer -Some followers of ATR practice
polygamy
- Following the example of Jesus Christ- Observing farming rites such as the blessing
- Faith healing is very important in of the seeds before planting and harvest
- The belief in the Holy Spirit rituals.
- The people are baptized with water -The performing of birth, puberty,
marriage
- In the name of the father, son and and death rites
- The holy spirit -The belief in ancestral spirit
- The Bible is source of beliefs andteaching

CHALLENGES FACED BY THE AICs

1. They are situation in poor rural areas therefore do not attract interest of the rich and
educated people

2. They compete with other modern churches for members and do not attract a lot of people
because of their mature

3. People normally join the modern churches in order to get modern medicines other than
the A.I.Cs for faith healing

4. Some A.I.C’s leaders portray immoral behavior such as greed, dishonest and these makes
people to fell that AICs are not genuine.

5. Some of the AIC’s are not well organized and have no proper leadership structures and
this can easily make the church to break if the leader dies

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6. Some of the AIC’s still put more focus on the Old Testament and still practice some such
as polygamy and wife inheritance which can spread the HIV/ AIDS

THE ROLES PRAYED BY WOMEN IN THE AFRICAN ENDEPENDENT

CHURCHES (AICs)

1. Some of the churches are fond by women e.g. St Apostolic faith church was started by
Christian
2. Some women are pastors, bishop’s
3. Some women lead prayers during funerals and can even help with burial proceedings
4. Women can also settle disputes in the church
5. Some women are healers
6. Some can prophesy and advice people accordingly

WHY BOTSWANA CONVERT TO THE AIC’s

In order to get the healing services provided

The AICs combine the Setswana culture together with the Christian teaching and beliefs.
Therefore it does force them to forget their culture

The AICs also allow women to become leaders and this attract a lot of women

Some people join AICs because of marriage

Some join the AICs because it is their personal choice

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