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09 Differential Calculus

The document outlines key concepts in trigonometry, including transformations, general solutions for trigonometric equations, and properties of logarithmic and exponential functions. It also covers the factor and remainder theorems, composite functions, and differentiation rules such as the chain, product, and quotient rules. Additionally, it discusses the average value of a function and provides insights into graph sketching and transformations.

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9 views2 pages

09 Differential Calculus

The document outlines key concepts in trigonometry, including transformations, general solutions for trigonometric equations, and properties of logarithmic and exponential functions. It also covers the factor and remainder theorems, composite functions, and differentiation rules such as the chain, product, and quotient rules. Additionally, it discusses the average value of a function and provides insights into graph sketching and transformations.

Uploaded by

mile3ses
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometry: Reflection in y-axis (x, y) → (-x, y)

General solutions Translation in x-axis (x, y) → (x+h, y)


If cos (x) = a, x = 2nπ ± (a), where n Z and Translation in y-axis (x, y) → (x, y+k)
a [−1, 1]
If tan (x) = a, x = nπ + (a), where n Z and a R Graph Sketching:
If sin (x) = a, x = 2nπ + (a), or  Implied domain is largest possible domain
x = (2n + 1)π − (a), where n Z and  f: x → y, f(x) = ax+b
a [−1, 1]  Key features
o Domain of graph
Exponential/Log: o Graph equation, function notation
Logarithm laws o Turning points
= + o Arrows on ends of graphs
= - o Asymptotes
 Log (dom = ): Vertical (1,0)
=-
standard point
=p  Exponential: Horizontal
(0,1) standard point
Change of base o X and Y intercepts
= o Endpoints
=  Trig
 Root
Inverse properties:
=x Modulus (absolute) function:
=x  y= is an even function
 y= : reflect everything that is below x-axis
Composite functions: (must also consider vertical translation)
 f(g(x)): Ran g(x) MUST fit into Dom f(x)  y = f( ): everything to right of y-axis is mirrored
 Dom f(g(x)) = Dom g(x) to form a symmetrical graph
o Must make sure that Ran g(x) fits into  MUST CONSIDER GRAPH TRANSLATION
Dom f(x) before finding Dom g(x)
 To find Ran f(g(x)), sub Dom g(x) values in
 Dom (f+g)(x) = Dom f(x) Dom g(x)
 Dom (fg)(x) = Dom f(x) Dom g(x)
 USE CALCULATOR TO VISUALISE COMPOSITE
FUNCTIONS, MUST WORK OUT DOMAIN, RANGE
RESTRICTIONS BY HAND

Factor theorem of P(x):


 (ax+b) a factor if P =0
 (x+k) a factor if P(-k) = 0

Remainder theorem of P(x):


 Divide P(x) by (ax+b), remainder is P
 Divide P(x) by (x+k), remainder is P(-k)

Transformations:
 Multiply whole thing by k: dilation of factor k
from x-axis
 Multiply only x by k: dilation of factor from y-
axis
 FACTORISE FOR TRANSFORMATIONS

Dilation from x-axis (x, y) → (x, ay)


Dilation from y-axis (x, y) → (bx, y)
Reflection in x-axis (x, y) → (x, -y)
Oscar Han 12E
First principles: Derivative function:
 f’(x) =  Questions

Some rules:
 If g(x)=kf(x), where k is a constant, then g’(x) =
kf’(x)
 If f(x) = g(x) + h(x), then f’(x) = g’(x) + h’(x)
 Can’t differentiate:
o Sharp points
o End points
o Discontinuous areas

Chain rule:
 If q(x) = f(g(x)), then q’(x) = f’(g(x))g’(x)
 = x  Answers

Product rule:
 If F(x) = f(x)g(x), then F’(x) = f’(x)g(x) + g’(x)f(x)

Quotient rule:
–
 If F(x) = , then F’(x) =

Linear approximation:

 h

Average value of a function:


 Average value of a function, f(x) for an interval
[a,b] is

Derivatives:

Sign diagram:

Oscar Han 12E

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