AI REFLECTION, PROJECT CYCLE AND ETHICS

Fill in the blanks:

1. John McCarthy is known as the father of AI.
2. Which AI application recognizes patterns in speech then infer meaning and provide a
useful response? Personal Assistants/Speech Recognition
3. Medical Imaging/computer Vision field is enabling computers to identify and process
images as humans do.
4. The stage of testing the models is known as EVALUATION.
5. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an AI domain focused on textual data enabling
machines to comprehend, generate, and manipulate human language.
6. DATA can be a piece of information or facts and statistics collected for reference or
analysis.
7. BIAS is the tendency to be partial to one person or thing over another.
8. Face recognition is an example of privacy concern.
9. Deep Learning enables software to train itself to perform tasks with vast amounts of
data.
10.Which helps us figure out the right thing to do when they make a tricky decision? ETHICS
Short Question and Answers:
1. Define Artificial Intelligence and give some real-life applications of AI.
Ans: Artificial Intelligence: AI refers to any technique that enables computers to
mimic human intelligence. The AI-enabled machines think algorithmically and
execute what they have been asked for intelligently.
Real life applications of AI are: Personal Assistants, Smart Home Devices, Face Lock in
Smartphone, Recommendation system, Social media, E-commerce, Navigation, Fraud
and Risk Detection, Education and Medical Imaging.
2. List the various stages of the AI Project cycle?
Ans: The various stages of the AI Project cycle are:
❖ Problem Scoping
❖ Data Acquisition
❖ Data Exploration
❖ Modeling
❖ Evaluation
❖ Deployment
3. Explain the 4Ws problem canvas in problem scoping.
Ans:

4. Write any two advantages and disadvantages of AI.

Ans: Advantages of AI
❖ AUTOMATION:
You can automate repetitive tasks, allowing you humans to focus on more
complex or creative work. Example: manufacturing industries
❖ INCREASED EFFICIENCY AND CONSISTENCY:
He can analyse large amounts of data much faster and more accurately
than humans. For example, AI powered chat bots can provide customer
support 24/7 on sites like Amazon and Flip kart, without getting tired or
making mistakes.
Disadvantages of AI
❖ HIGH COST:
A large amount of investment is required for development as well as
constant upgrades and staff training period. For example, a large
investment will be required to use a machine in any manufacturing plant.
❖ LACK OF ETHICS AND MORAL:
Machines are rational but do not possess emotions or moral values.
When they are faced with unfamiliar situations, they make incorrect
decisions.
 5. How is Data Exploration different from Data Acquisition?
Ans: DATA ACQUISITION: This stage is about acquiring data for the project. Data can
be a piece of information, or facts and statistics collected for reference or analysis.
Whenever we want an AI project to be able to predict an output, we need to train it
first using data.
DATA EXPLORATION: To analyze the data, you need to visualize it in some user-
friendly format so that you can Quickly get a sense of the trends, relationships and
patterns contained within the data.
6. Write the difference between Moral and Ethics.
Ans: MORAL:
This is about what is right and wrong according to our personal beliefs or the
beliefs of a group or society. It's like an inner compass that helps us decide what
actions are good or bad.
Examples:
● Always speak the truth
● Always be loyal
● Always be generous

ETHICS:
This is the study of moral principles and how we apply them in different
situations. Ethics helps us figure out the right thing to do when there are tricky
decisions. It's like a guidebook that helps us navigate complicated situations.
Example:
● Is it good to be loyal under all circumstances?
● Is it necessary to always be generous?
● Is it good to speak the truth in all situations?
Detail Question and Answers:
1. Compare and contrast Rule-based and Learning-based approach in Al modelling
indicating clearly when each of these may be used.
Ans:
RULE-BASED APPROACH:
Rule- based approach is based on a set of rules and set of facts already fit to the
mission to generate the desired output. These models can operate with simple
basic information and data. The relationship or patterns in the data is defined by
the developer.
To explain it further, let's take an example. You have a data set comprising 100
images of cars and 100 images of cycles. To train your mission, you feed this
data and label each image as either a car or a cycle. Now if you test the machine
with an image of a car it will compare with the trained data and according to the
labels of this trained data it will identify it as a car. This is called a rule-based
 approach. The rules given to the mission in the example are labels assigned to
the training data.
LEARNING-BASED APPROACH:
Based approach refers to the model where the relationship or patterns in the
data are not defined by the developer. Random data is fed into the mission and
the mission develops its own pattern or trends based on data outputs. It is an
alternative method to address some of the challenges of rule-based systems.

This approach is followed when the data set fit to the machine is unlabelled and
two random. The machine tries to extract similar features and clusters them in
the same data set. In the end, the machine tells the trends which are observed
in the training data.
For example, suppose you have a data set of 1000 images of flowers in your
garden. Now you don't have any clue as to what trend is being followed in the
data set as you don't know their names, colour or any other feature. Thus, you
will put this into a learning approach-based machine and the machine would
come up with various patterns it has observed in the features of these thousand
images. It might cluster the data based on colour, size, shape etcetera. It might also
come up with some very unusual clustering algorithm which you might not
have even thought of!
2. Explain the various stages of the AI project and Life cycle.
Ans:

The AI project cycle is a crucial process that defines every step an organization
must take to harness value (monetary or otherwise) from an AI project,
ultimately achieving a Return on Investment (ROI). It is a cyclical process that
ensures the successful development and deployment of AI systems. Here are
the key reasons why the AI project cycle is important:
1. Problem Identification and Scoping:
The AI project cycle starts with problem identification and scoping, which is
essential for understanding the problem and defining the goal of the project.
This stage helps to clarify the problem and identify the key factors that affect it.
 2. Data Acquisition and Exploration:
The next stage is data acquisition and exploration, where data is collected,
labelled, and prepared for use in the AI model. This stage is critical for building a
robust AI system that can learn from the data.
3. Model Development and Evaluation:
The AI project cycle involves developing and evaluating AI models, which is a
crucial step in ensuring that the model is accurate, robust, and performs well in
real-world scenarios.
4. Review and Iteration:
The AI project cycle is an iterative process, and each stage is revisited multiple
times throughout the project to ensure that the AI system is continuously
improving and meeting the desired outcomes.
5. Deployment and Maintenance:
The final stage is deployment and maintenance, where the AI system is
deployed and monitored to ensure it continues to perform well and meet the
desired outcomes.
3. Define Data visualization. Explain any three graphs used for Data Visualization.
Ans: To analyze the data, you need to visualize it in some user-friendly format
so that you can Quickly get a sense of the trends, relationships and patterns
contained within the data. To visualize data, we can use various types of visual
representations.
 c.Pie Chart: A circular chart with triangular segments that shows data as a percentage
of a whole.

4. Write the difference between the three domains of AI with respect to the types of
data they use.
Ans: Domains of AI
data. Data is the key of the three domains of AI.
Let us have a look at the following 3 domains of AI and discover how they are
related together.
● Statistical data
● Computer Vision (CV)
● Natural Language Processing (NLP)