Unit 1
AI Reflection, Project Cycle and Ethics
1. What is AI?
Artificial intelligence is a technology that enables computers and machines to simulate human
intelligence and problem-solving capabilities.
2. Write down some applications of AI in daily life.
a) AI can recommend products or services based on the browsing history, past purchases, and
preferences of the users.
b) AI can provide personalized experience, assessment, and feedback.
c) AI user face recognition system for protecting devices and data.
d) AI analyses vast amounts of medical data, assist doctors in diagnosing diseases and recommend
personalized treatment plans
3. What are the principles in AI ethics?
Human Rights: The users of AI Systems should not loose personal and financial independence. The
must not face any discrimination.
Bias: Bias is said to be the partiality or preference for one over others. AI bias may often come from
the collected data which may affect the results. For example, AI should represent all sections of the
society and must not exclude anyone.
Privacy: AI Systems should not disclose individual and private data. It should not breach one’s safety
and security.
Inclusion: AI must discriminate against a particular group of population, causing them any kind of
disadvantage.
4. How can biasness influences AI systems? Give suitable example.
If bias is present in the data and algorithm provided to the AI system, it produces biased results that
reflects human biases within a society, including historical and current social inequality. e.g. –
Searching image of Nurse gives images of Female Nurses mostly.
5. What do you mean by AI project cycle? State its advantages.
AI project cycle is a structured method for developing and deploying AI projects to solve real-world
problems.
Advantages: a) Improve success rate and quality of result b) Reduce risks during development c)
Increases Efficiency and productivity d) Modular approach eases understandability and development
6. Name and explain the stages of AI project cycle.
Stage 1: Problem Scoping
Selection of a problem to solve with the help of AI is said to be Problem Scoping. Step 1: Selection of
theme. Step 2: Find root cause of the problem. Step 3: Select GOAL of the AI project. Step 4: Identify
4 critical parameters using 4Ws(Who, What, Where, Why)Problem Canvas to solve. Step 5: Problem
Statement template can be used to frame the 4Ws to define the problem and summarize the key
elements.
Stage2: Data Acquisition
Data acquisition refers to collection of correct data from reliable source. Data can be acquired in the
various formats – Coordinates, texts, photos, videos etc and from multiple sources like Surveys, Web
Scraping, Interviews, Observations etc.
Stage 3: Data Exploration
Visual representation of data helps in analyzing data in the following ways:
Quickly comprehend the trends, relationships, and patterns within data
Define strategy and choose model
Communicate information to others Different types of graphs can be used: Line graph, Bar
Graph, Pie chart etc.
Stage 4: Data Modelling
For developing project in AI the model or algorithm can be chosen to predict output based on the set of
inputs in any one of the following manners:
➢ Designing own model ➢ Choose a pre-existing model
7. Explain the concept of 4W’s problem canvas.
4W Problem Canvas is a Problem Scoping framework prepared to understand scope of the project and
prepare Problem Statement Template. It has 4 components – who, what, where, why
Who are the stakeholders facing the problem and need solution?
What is the nature of the problem and its severity?
Where is the Location, Context, Situation and Frequency of the problem?
Why is the problem occurring?
8. Distinguish between Training data and Testing data.
9. Differentiate between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning.
10. How Reinforcement Learning implemented?
Reinforcement Learning uses a trial-and-error learning method which is implemented by collecting
feedback. It uses Reward-Punishment paradigm
11. Define AI, ML and DL. Also state the relation among them.
AI enables machines to mimic human intelligence for decision making and problem solving.
ML imitates the human skills of learning, performing the task and improving its accuracy over
time. It may need human intervention.
DL uses multi-layered neural networks to simulate the complex decision-making power of the
human brain by using large data sets. It does not need human intervention.
AI > ML > DL
12. What do you mean by Data Science, Computer Vision and NLP. Give suitable examples for each.
Data Science allows the system to collect numerous data, maintains data sets and derives meaning or
sense out of them. e.g. - Price Comparison Websites like PriceGrabber, Price Runner
Computer Vision enables a machine to get and analyse visual information from images, videos etc.
and predicts or decides. e.g. – Self driving cars, Face lock
NLP(Natural Language Processing)helps computers understand, interpret and manipulate human
language. The objective of NLP is to read/listens, decipher, understand, and make sense of the human
languages or producing human language from textual data. e.g. – Spam filtering, Smart Assistants,
Text-to-Speech converter etc.
13. Distinguish between Rule based AI and Learning based AI.
14. Explain the concept of Regression and Classification. Give examples for each.
Regression – Regression is a Supervised Learning model that predicts based on continuous labelled
data sets. e.g. – Predicting future score, price, salary, age, etc
Classification – Classification is a Supervised Learning model that accepts discrete data sets and
divides them into different classes based on some parameters.
e.g. – Filtering Boys/Girls, Healthy/Sick, Marking Spam emails etc.
15. How clustering is different from classification? When is dimensionality reduction useful?
16. What is the black box problem?
The black box problem refers to the lack of transparency and interpretability of AI algorithms. As a
matter of fact, it is difficult to understand how an AI system arrives at its conclusions or
predictions. This poses a significant challenge. Decisions made by AI can have serious consequences,
such as in healthcare or financial sectors.
