CYCLE TEST 6 GUIDE FOR STUDENTS
YEAR: 8
DATE: Period 3 Wednesday April 23rd, 2025
SUBJECT: Y8 Science
Length of Paper: 30 minutes
Marks: 30 marks
Content to be revised for the Test:
1. Differences Among Breathing, Respiration, and Gas Exchange
Define breathing as the mechanical process of moving air in and out of the
lungs.
Define respiration as the chemical process by which cells release energy
(using oxygen, producing carbon dioxide).
Define gas exchange as the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across
membranes (in alveoli and body tissues).
2. Relative Mixture of Gases in Inhaled vs. Exhaled Air
Typical composition of inhaled air (approx. 21% O₂, ~0.04% CO₂, ~78% N₂).
Changes in exhaled air (decrease in O₂, increase in CO₂).
3. Alveoli Structure and Their Role in Gas Exchange
Description of alveoli as tiny air sacs with thin walls and a large surface area.
Role of alveolar capillaries in oxygen/CO₂ diffusion.
4. How Humans Breathe: Roles of Various Parts
Overview of air pathway (nose/mouth → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles
→ alveoli).
Role of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles in changing thoracic volume.
5. Key Structures in the Gas Exchange System
Identification of the nose, mouth, trachea, bronchi, lungs, diaphragm.
Basic function of each component (e.g., nose filters air, trachea carries air,
lungs contain alveoli, diaphragm aids inhalation/exhalation).
6. Movement of Air via High- and Low-Pressure Areas
Explanation of inhalation (thoracic cavity expands, pressure drops, air flows
in).
Explanation of exhalation (thoracic cavity contracts, pressure increases, air
flows out).
7. Creating a Data Table (Independent vs. Dependent Variables)
Define independent variable (what is changed/manipulated).
Define dependent variable (what is measured as the outcome).
8. Choosing and Creating Appropriate Graphs
When to use a line graph (changes over time), bar graph (comparisons
between categories), or scatter plot (relationships/correlations).
Proper labelling of axes and inclusion of a legend if needed.
9. Analysing Graphs and Identifying Trends
Observing increasing, decreasing, or no clear trends.
Identifying patterns or outliers in data.
Relating trends to hypotheses and scientific questions.
10. Drawing Conclusions from Data
Using evidence from the data to support or refute hypotheses.
Considering possible sources of error and reliability of conclusions.
Communicating results in a clear and logical manner.
Types of questions: Cycle test may include various types of questions:
● Multiple choices
● Fill in the blanks
● Short answers
● Labeling diagrams
● Drawing graphs
Tips for learners in preparation for the Test:
● The questions can often be tricky. Be sure you carefully read through each question and
each answer before coming to a decision on the day of the test.
● Use a variety of resources as part of your revision (the guided worksheets, Word Wall games,
Quizlet, PowerPoints, textbook)
● Once you feel comfortable with all of the information, try to do past exercises to check your
understanding.
