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FM Module 3

The document discusses the dynamics of fluid flow through pipes, focusing on the effects of pipe diameter and energy loss due to friction and sudden contractions. It outlines key equations and principles such as Bernoulli's equation and Reynolds number to analyze flow characteristics. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding hydraulic gradients and energy losses in engineering applications.

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ssrajbhai09
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
23 views50 pages

FM Module 3

The document discusses the dynamics of fluid flow through pipes, focusing on the effects of pipe diameter and energy loss due to friction and sudden contractions. It outlines key equations and principles such as Bernoulli's equation and Reynolds number to analyze flow characteristics. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding hydraulic gradients and energy losses in engineering applications.

Uploaded by

ssrajbhai09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Plows Though Pipes en latinas & Fisher ——t AT plows :- ZO louinan You ds dlgined as ae ype o yloo Jnwohich “Se Yad fala wo long wl fal pls A seo “Be Gall the stems nwt an ahoight & porallel. This Ape Oy Yoo Lb ali called sPemline Yon o Vikcour Loin. Tisplent Yow J 0 ype oy Youd dev which, Lhe flalcl paaticly Tye ha ig 2ag manner. dat dd he rrovewedl yuk Perlis dev a. 2ig-2aq way edi’ forrnaction stokes places | which ow Auponutble er high enegy dose . ! Po fips Yow Te Bape oy Yaw i teamed by ay m-dimenional runnber, led Feynotd’s Tumubes, - ee = VD «RE Peay Whe , D> diameter Pipe, Vernean lod, aytlow. the Qpnamic Miatityy “T= Hnematie Se Mets Sey oy ghd Pe 2000 —> Lowinan y am Re = h000 = Tankulenb : . Qoor < Re 4000 —> Trantikion, How. bec 089 8 9 UUW vores Lose _wergy 30 pipes — | When the yluid youdne sraough o pipe abe putcl | erpeniemces forme, 2uxistances dutcto Which ome Qe Ane g oe at Sk ark, TM loss § evens ty adit a ae j “Scanned with CamScanner 900 4, lesser same La Wy, yor 0 A es taps Te gard Reseda 2 Ti Ss due to piaton & Ba This iy due to COTES Gladatid by fotlaring Jotmuloe 9 Sudden cortbaction G-pipe yyy a RoR sion Hr Ray ede P) Bassas Wetsboach, fotmula, bow Qipantion O-pipe Bs AS Cheeys forerute, ® Pre thing of eA OND Frtettonad suitlonce 14 eqpal do = rt uit welts asia partatt vail cunthed ome o Cet) ty Gr ehtts +O % p bata nefitlance Pe + ; oa X vei dayne ye Retin (ots g hel dude gine Snptpes by Pp P= Peart Berg lodltboc. > Water Lome pe eee . oY dda pn Whitey aia Faber 7 tin 60699. dom hie gg MS fe ang on te et He | | isa © Pomase yee ak setion® =F) ete | fa Cr ii) Prone perce at Aestion © = BAg = be RCH, © Pate pe ips G) pidionad {hurF | let 6 te ‘ae in fetlzonta, dixection f 0 & OB ore day sections . oO Patching al. tho. (ees dv Pron 2 % MM ple. Lak Ry, ave oc 8 8 oy cas aheaus eee oS RA Pa “P20 & 06 yo ACh) =F — © Tb legit poe bus Ate8N 69.0 te diawal 2 “1th he pleenol, oor . a PH oul wold asca per agsp Om Subtitat, valeengy GPF syn dF a bys) = Fup aceon ; ty ty 8 it Ne ery Si th “hy © late baa ce sp fiction see 5 wh Geer a i vow puting (F) ET Apply Berroultt’s equation betiseen, section 0%, | : : i, 4 ‘Scanned with CamScanner ; 5 a SCC LC UCC CEE SU lal = deidiondl co. qyiced AyD ty br aS @ Bi s, < now [ee Sr) ra tn at ee Tha equation St aes Ore, heed dure, AD fiction In pipe. Sometimes Yr fs wnt at” hy = HUE 34D —_ MHL Sey a piction uhich Li te fuelion oy is Rnb > 4, bt Recao00 Llominas, Pow) fe 20H | for CRvarying bio Loot bof ri t y 3 Fa Sir GAMA ates rat sW0 din” of fk, ke Se0mm 08m feng of He 0 Ceey af fon i! fangs fom 3 RO BP ON a eee ntl «Flo thowg Pies Ife the head unk clut to frickior uta a ctiannaed 4000 Tata ae eee abies ote Soo Sys woleg UD Boy forride, 1200 Hoke, -\ionrddie is NO cine - 90" 2000 whem the vate prey lost secoust a flo “A exude il vf hivamakie utscousily a4 ahoke o feo Sis pron wom abcthe vats ¥f $00 i ase angh te fost clus t ppirtion for & ‘ feed Lacyred . ss v o.4x07* ie yponco Ke mat of Aa Aer. aces ym (se &* Ape beet. tere 7 rae es Sele, SE ba ct of ap girs 0.9 ut Yossting drangh a fife x tes Ao: ate Geyscyl pala (Me tak di to {Se od fox Seguin! nti te flow Te loa Yeon. Sh veges abi bee. goin ~ g. 0:% 2. sommes ibe Butea tpn aSerys ww Bator. YO. Of . hed, narenlt oer 587 Tot : 7 = HOSS Yo sexot ve oer o os 1: 229, oo” * 1 52 wm 0 sana 0.0088 soak = Hb. os oat een SE te mrnmanors ° 4 08x20 36) = em of Swe" fiver tepid = axe Ia “9 corse a $ > ereim eco byl’ Pocer Ag = FORRALVALIE «sto. LER Waal. 0 . hs. Cateulate the dicharge tangs a pipe of din 2009 SO te afecerce of, jou haad tetscen te tae ot F4 fie Bem ofatt dom af wt Yoke He wnten ffs 9008 « voir j ge oor = 0.077 La Seomm bps am fa ecoet fe Et cteough nw dia. 200%™m witha Pea fae te teh Whe 7 ty Fe EE ate, on Smet edebatty of wai = oi ahi tm dw, dz 200mm = 22 Ve tne Lagm Ve 0-0f wk 29-0010" hes ved 9102 on ¥ OdIx10 4 aH e Scanned with CamScanner te ot p ye EES jrol the Mod 4a fo and nt bal i ih Peper ath wvssnessi | pes 900% Lftxo.21!0 Ber 2 ys ; A he tos enn. 410 ond 108, He valet gf jonteonty 0089 fate poor = 0,008F (1750) nwt eagumn Caner - pe a wa we i yeaa niet = ty 000s! gro me val peat Onde = em af poled Pe S70) Roxsanovenrtt, sor20 20 (00 boss q hud dus tp sudan entorgenind '- Troe Lous Genter a qt fouing Hocus ope shi hus a Auddsn entaagentink af shou an 3 one Q dedions O-O & Oe ee enbaaguenn \ 2- home hovel LE, PL YD, & BVM ae protons Srbuaity , vebocy & orang plpe @ retin O-O & OO rappectively . Bue de We auddiw change og, diowilin a pipe prow Scanned with CamScanner tp Dy, the Houck foulay gine Jie Amal pi, oe cule te flee she obser Borge ge ba Tus te flow Aeparntes gow hs ‘ouday & tiki eddies ons fotiud ot sheen fe tig, ‘Tow los @, head dake ple dur te OMY feat, oy the eablics “fh ve By By BT hee (fk) e(M ew) a) Gy -° iden o Gnbaks uae gp Liquid Yo OO & OO ay ing on the, Leqyich cy Bho canals. © Fat Phi + Reh“ Bihe fe (A > @ Momentus a Aiguislfsee @ settion O-D winaytgvelaily = Smy xu, = fay? Scanned with Onn HACHEM HIS Less q head. dua. te sudden contraction i ON 2 ew fl hoe sve = @ bE (xh Find aw if qphuack uhun ‘pipe oy dlametiy Boome i we? 0 \etroycennation 4 i eh ke a Bowmen oy aoe Tre mate, Q Loss_g Wad at the ecbronce pipe !— cdltes gE iy 260 / eat rise dae tes i. eo Pa comet | “an Seow - tg ao dee tporna 04m —p Par Edte O1es6me | hose'q “hed ot Sho exit’ Pipe: ; Qeasvxi? mk, her? 5 Ve asexic” heed) fond meen, + be UY) ~ SHAVE Ph See | can aS ay ae, 1-44 mls | lose a ad ue" Gu cbatructind dr opipe . ap Sn 5 Cees: ; bon on = Ges 141)" pes tose fad dus to bind JA pipes (0 __ hye Rn Pathe ace 3 AL ake sudden enlarquaad q war rain fom ayomm Te Lo min Aiametey, the hypraubic gradiewt iu by 1orme ° Bitfmaky abo sate a foe . 2. Oo cls > dso > Ay > 0-088 ro am . dys OMS => ALE OO WE a , tu <2 ie vel ee ote Hydraulic qradiest gt yet + tr & 5 [fbed) (fen) fa le A 10115 ?X9.41 = we PeNT Gietvt | ye PRE Bm) a. 4.9) = 2 2 “18 ro) lorloPX481 = ctor ue ye + ee Pal, —= aP Cons toxic 4,81 = syt = O.1808X0-1 $0 Q™ 0.03269 ri /c ‘Scanned with CamScanner 434 ou Ht ae Gb on DT natu gy flow g wlen atocugh on hetivetlal pipe Ly 0.85 rile Tra diowutin @ pipe ubielr 4 Soomm is Audley oderqiol cto Yoorm, Tha. pAAUAL Unluatitly tn adda Amadler, Pipe 8 Nlanle?, Relamia 6 Lox @ hind dee to sudden taganudl - QD Pumuartnleatity Ja laagpr pipe: GD The power tour clue to Auden enlargement > Gro.ssnilc , dysoair Pyea@bamt = o.0stund” dyzo.um = A= 0.1256 we Peucttanwh, hee? Pe? Pe? Brak & GAY yr Gn ors . 2B 2 O75 2 gael WBE, = tdamls | MRS * Sigg” Mende B bee Ged . Geter 1" 1-tHey 4 aK4-8] noel a 2 vee eye 2227 Hesizerttol pipe 5 was 1 (Fit dg the } yg GO, GD a the Towa + SEAS Tome. 308-8) Pp tox? 43.244 = fe oan 41816 0 Foe 1e8tue? Mle a Gi) P= Laghe — ose 7000 > ko 2 po F/X0.25 XN - py 000 ‘ Pe Wash wath oo Pe HUY bw ‘Scanned with CamScanner a DA belizostal pipe a.diowile Seomm 1 duclenly corrected 3D 0 dia ASemm. Te poatae dnlewity Ja tie, danger-& Armallir. pipe da given as 1393) wld @ evta Nlew mp Find au date 9 head dur to tenbaction, &=062, Allo Aubiarine dhe oate q ps 4 waley, A theo. o> A> Lest 2 4 0.5 = pre Ty Pre taat3usndt whee Biad_tote dat. do enbrattion “i Lat ats (eg oe § A> Pa, v2 fod 2 2 ONorHU, 963 Ppply Bamault®s Gn. bydte. & afl Gonbsaction, Raw eye 2 Bee Bree le heres € ve 13. 334x10% + (uy lo00¥4. $7 Err = ht4nctet Toot + go. aan) aan W = lad 1-3 aan) Iy-i2 re yw Ban Te 5, vy, = fpeaan = Sul a = ot male whee SW, gdp Ste 6 cary 4 244.81 nan tong) Ory = 0.0U At x5: Hey * o2ees re Scanned with Cam@ranner ois de \ Ar hatsostth pipe bow tong cA termed. db» cook tank a tock & dtyuloages gudly inte dhe atmoghercal abe tr. Fake foul asm a dl degth pom dhe tank, > Baw pipe J 15D ram ato. & JY diowelie Jy Audelenty enlarged. LL led ed ad FR soo rm. The huigh q waka davel nthe dank i gen abo aw cantio qiky pipe. Gniiduing all ake Losses op heath which ocax, déteurnine din sale g. yo. Tate f+0.01 for beth Hiilion a pipe REE en 3 > L® Yop, ay #150209 oO 10 cuaeeon ees r cone A280 | gore 7 GAY, =A J 1 b ° we POR ee Ber ge ye a rr +e Ve gy? Bre As thoy Hl Rents. eats panic pallid oe Seo (inkds ta} > Seibel {Loo Zim, 240 Loummndd Peto eros HE 40m wank, Goa, pu 3 yj Ug 2 “ny oP wer, AN 2B woke Te Vee =P ei 20.5y> eo Men AE. Wowie ia. boast. staat AOS he * Ua 3 2 Nel Me ay Casa - Se. oust *& Wolsey 4.8)20.3 = OAV Scanned with CamScanner ON. = rely = Zo Pétereine: a digas atace Jin davatttory betwee Uae a Jn tlw chun tombs whidiare cormectid by a hertzontal, A aici scorn & Menge oom. The aake qp flow op wets Aeough ake pipe Js doo lis/s, Conuiol alk atin tase $=0.008- , 2 d= S0rm=0.3m , f= o.04es m*, L=yoom, @* Boonies * wif OaAy = Ve. (he) ohn Bo 03 7 rar scopees ” Cees Go oe dung Apply Bernoulli cg so ahs Pree Pavlos 9, waltr dn. 2 Saints eH, & Zell hee osve 3 = Mefiy by Ma bo = VE sous 3 . 09 $0.96 2) 2 yt) ast 42707 40 G-%) = et hythe Gt) oiugm Sea ee ed ied with CamScanner Ab AGEEAIEIS PHY re te pest de S wate 2 ay tou a H Pipecg Memetin pe ae a. amls. A dagutas, solic eS cutbuuction Irae Pipe Sp GTO eS as acomne 0am be %Bs pcan eee © Deapomme Om, fe We 0.03) ve arels . : . a de Isom £0.18 m.. | ave jd 20 .01dG-19 qe o6> - ee ND, é A -') We ae tety Ora) . $C 0. D314) _ ose) 2 °Z i} = 3.3llw ara 0-62(o.0a1t4)= 0: O1FF) = Scanned with CamScanner Adihele Brake Q plow gp wabr jrrcuge sit: ope stn tom Ean en than SU baulic rd pipe Ja: conmectick to a Banke & ota one Ii Heh 6 dud, of fs cline aki gus AL Att ‘a pipe is open sto dhe atviosphua. The pipe 4 H yy — : : 0 Gta alget elixir tok da tm abe A Spy Peiane head (Pag) & dalam had) gy the flowing uni cube @ athe Pipe. Grafder. all waaot acres @ lake Time pe ah rapes cee, Sopeti tne, Ee908 ta dhe pele chy AEE RY TEL dagrud ab cha tne whi give the du o j : “Sy Pauause bund, data heat & Hnetic had (Wag) thes do 200m: Foam Le Som, ye Hem : 420.004 g Bn Doble 0 pew ee YR i>sem . ¢ is plodly tanh tn, plpe nvm 2 y Brow the KGL & TEL. Ghent diag pipe ~ acu v0.2, “ ee cbt apg, aw neh wpe $ro.004 , velodty flow = 246 mls, @= 0.092 te, L= Som tr 5 _frovcon wot ees donk. Gc ay outld @ Pipe, rhowePL yaw for, Me ee Cindi Gaus ine» Peking oougin Be se Pipe ovary cor poe Cth)? 34 Gradient °g Total energy dine - CAGE & TEL) on a4 f all Losces a wa eatethy 2 Bi veoctiye in pipe =U, AB) Olay =coer We Th pes Vevey . 3 Sox @H6) 23. Ae Hie ' x a & ana eran TEL will trintids ills peo duyace op water Sn the donb. Abrtoe dnlet ae pipe Huth deowaw by Cae Scanned with CamScanner KOT Bom free aunace af aulet be piper AM etal energy 2 0.31 mn. From Kguae point D neprtients satel ewagy OFA E Point E ubire pechy raprenls TE ot te dale yt pipe Point F, supnaents tee Te ob outlet a pipe, cFe0.3%- Join B12 € & ES0F. Tha DEF repousents ane TEL Hydraulic Gradienl 4 obtained by Aubtracting Vag poet TEL. At Ae outed op te pipe, tetal ewagy =VZag- by Aulabacting Vhog fom deal ewwny ads ints potat we dhall get point c, which dies on shy contin Line Q. Pipe Bom c, draw a Jie Ch parallel cto EF “Tran Ch Soprrenl HG % Roe prem number 6). Pasi AGL & TE LEbTEAd bb ddE: f. fae ob ie b . Titod trergy Sine ~ Pink A Lies on be Pre duajaw @Q wales a ~ Tate ‘iO! = fps osm prom'B dow a hetaedat te Take BO Gyo Jo dhe lesgtle gy the pipe “Lr groma'L'. Araw a vedi dine doveuoaad. Le = hy = 643m, : Tein age pact Bde c’, sake a ene, 0 vertically downward eguak ato he 053m —From'o) daas "DH hetlzental & fom poht F' whide 54 lying onthe Gerlw Ake pipe, drow a verttal dime tn upwoarel dixedlion rusting al M. From "Ml" dake a ditewe ‘M6’ =hy, Zo.idcen. Tein DE thon Jie ABCDE supresel “tw TEL Hydraulic Gradient, Ibe ‘ ~ From 84° Brin Brae the tse Gi paratlet Jo Ate" Be = From F drow adit, FE’ parallel to thie ED. Join HT. Then De Line QWIF peprerents the HEL B wa TT a be > se He Spstee Scanned with CamSeanner 3 J a Fa the pr rrussbes (6). Brain HAL & TEL. Gis Hy S0m A.C > TEL kp = ROL ww Doa01 pes Ine auilet ] How dseugh Grnpour Ropes G 8 [sf] le wl “Riper dr vexed ot ammpouad pipes axe diytrud as 2he piper dp die wat dengit & dipgerent Aaatest commetlad tac 22 end Cin denies) Bo ig O pipe tne Lt bla be = dengiat apps 1,23 rep 5.0,,Ds 7 Mlawwley v6 we Vota Vy = Velocities we ww A Ant eg gicdios got pipet 1.2.3 ae dityrena. q voter loved Jn a tenby Scanned with Camsnannar Sea u aa aD aauDaND a SUN DENN SNEED The dithaage paring Macugh cach pipe ts game . OFAM = AN» Avs 7 The diieeenceg Agi. Auajace Juve’ is qual: do the dumg ttetol bead Joss in dhe ptpe Hehthathethythethath, 7 aa osw ¥ + oth while Gea yal Ae amino dacees ane nuglectic than above epsilon beternts He RW bY blo 29, agd. * 330s Sy, the Co-ygtiout “ay priction 1 Anmie gor all pipe trhohets His equation emmy, Rooblemet = i dierence dn water swyace duel) in a tenks one vr by 3 plpu Jn suien g leagtls 300m, Hom & dion & a,diosndles Score, soororn & Yoorm rap. ib tam, Hciamire gue rahe pow G waiter Jy Corte. pdtion ore. 0.005, 0,008 & 0.0048 wip: Gonticterng wr MinorJages Gd Neglecting rninot dJosses. Wem, 12200 AF O.3m £7 0.005 Lyelfom = Azo2m L720 Py oun fs ue WO Negheding mink occer He KAW | Hfsbaie bbls 3g * “agp, as bf oweSicooy 0 samtasuy, nacre osess¥)] ee om on “3 Wa= ye y e, laaed.t 2 [ats ye ee 3g et DRETALETS vy, zhu mls HAN, = 0.04065%1.4F T0-103Y fe b te osut [bby = Se last a Gti), Ce ee 7 2 We 35 Le Fost 2 POSEN pases (be e103] yee waaeetl yaa] Ay y er yopmle ' 118-48 Tete ——— EAM, 2 0.0f00SxI HOt = 0.01440 mils svalent pipes t- Cyl pps Tre ant died of Hips os untasm dtaretes hang handle oss & diudhenge pal to had toss ¢ dltwteage 9, compound, HAE dd, PPS coniiting g, Aateral piper a, diyeread engl & Alnmdee. Thy. uajgten lamar, & eral pipe A be! bain te pe The denglh 9 eqpivalent pipe tr equal to he Aung lang Aytompound pipes aoruisting 6} aigyerent piper. Lek t,t, bardenglhe 9 pipes 1.2.3 24P- Di, De Ds = Bia O pipes 1,2,3 ep uo head dors, Le fualent ptper, B=dla-cp eye Se Cah erat ame Pipe. Th, be btbtle “tal head. doce dn the Compound pipe nuglecting minet. Lesser He neu? a « weet bebebet % ye ue we, Le ae BLUE Ber eo WET, Gey, Ads Avs 28 “ye v,= 93, vy, & Ve Se ae V2 He 4d Ud. Be eth ae abe fufrey, big Vy, ER) ot SEG) SRY 4,Ga) 2 Ybxloxg? bey b a aga [yr 3 fF) —e Hard. Joss in Guvadeat pipe; te Hee . eis yr Be 4 tee UEL(YR _ AO sgt a He WELLE 34D ‘Scanned with CamScanner He Uflxroge ares 0 Read tote thy conpeuad pipet @ in ae eile ppe 1 dame & hence. Cale an) GO) Wlceat ese ee saree let] Aga’ Rupuits eqyation ta Ao tquation | eLptlytly & QB, A, aw troon, hace he equivalent tee othe pipe teak 21 value of Bi Ls obtain. ee eee ar ret Poroblen :- D3 piper lengtle goo, Soom’ € Yoon O, Alaniliss Scomm, Gor & Soomm rupedively are Gnnedtid In Series Thue piper ax te be suplard bya abngle pipe gq. leagtly loom. Rind. Je diawetin a, Angle pipe — bitBom d= SOT L? boom Ul Ly koom dy * 300 min *e 100 5 So, S00 Cy ey @x AS = FMIBK(T” = de 0.3419 ‘Scanned with CamGrannar Reo. tbscvaly Parallel pipet *~ Leds. Grice. & erate Pipe whi Aviclr lo dot mote branches a4 Ahoun Jn the 43g € again jpinet togstter doumnibeam tn fan @ Aingle pipe, wwe athe, branch Pipes a zaid aa be Coedti ie paraltel. The ditchaaye ocugy thy tain Bi Inowotd by connecting per tn porcllel. ree pag fs Sn the wpe 2 Gpab tp the Aum aale @ flow atsough bradcly pipet. Hence. 8a Ty this ovangement Ww bess hock a eade branch. Pipe ts same Thatyerr class o buod sn bran pipe = des gy haads 4h branch, pipe® Hho Bali HeobaNer Ags. » fehet Probe DA wain pipe did Info cae parallel piper whi again Scanned with CamScannér 2 A ppd O, 016m diana Js 1S dong ce Anouote Dae didhenge, fate, Ung Jame dont 1 IiSedund, porallel Phe dot Sy thy Suond, hall thu dbagtle. Neglecting minot daccet fob ae hovan hh dindoge, fe Weeocy, be head ak the tnd ds Shove, > Hedvomm, yteo.cy > 1200] , drogm, LELSHE =Iso0m. = "PRs ot shown a othe Kye Te legtle ¢ damit, FU bad. goer ane aomom & me mepec bbls, the 403 & dia. G, &* parallel pipe are doom & 02m mup. Find dhe Sak, @, Yoo Inet poral pipe, Jt, tw teal. How In Be main ik Snils. Take oy op pictin for th. perallal pipe Sb Aue & apel Jn 0.005. > Wyederon dram > me Lirica — dytotm 5 Ry “EGAY = 0.5004 nF Q=2 Oe7- dearth Jak, Yo : ore Glee Birdarge, de a single pipe @ lengli» 500m €diao.6m anv WLM > y-fow, & Yeu Seka yf Webi . hp = HEY” <5 SooyigPe HeoolxtSooxy’ * gd i DKK 0-6 Q> Flot x@-aue) OF = 0.068 wife =Sy=o-dysme SRY, = OFS (lanty) = 087% y, Ot hM, > oSsay xv, = 0-5eahy, 0=0,48, 3> 0. VEIN, + OS0ny dtetedddddeddedan: 4 CaM Ai- Wh additional Pipe Q 50 mn 35 Connect tn posablel ZB x13, = Vy 22.18 ms § tte Jost I pe ON? Mong = 2.3 vals oP B2Q 40, bbr: G=@, é aaa, 917 Vy ar = + oer ag ae B i G Laur co Conicler, ate flow Absoudy pipe Mc : pt ae Hand ass Boog Me > Kad Lex Maal > Rad lts Brow —_ te a Scanned with Cam: f a : Scanned with CamScanner ee ; Ae 9 Pee = HL q fe +H 9 Be Head secs Ascugh Ne © doomm 6.3 HU dhsough na» Mi? tyxo.o1xas aga = UXo.0) x4 Yegt i: WLI TEGO! Hea’ > HL dscush poy Ld ough Be = SLitat ys tage q = 0.0964 rie Tnouoy. in disharg, 29-8" = 0.01 Pipe natal 2 aw facut Aylin a, pipe fang eval loops ob dywib, The eromples 6 tude nohoge % Phe cw! The muctipal wate, ditnbubin- ayy dee @ abenaliny supply Api In asc Ayton st ty negated, Bo determine Lhe dliststhetion, Bow Decugh velour pipes a retook : The qglowing ON se RuCoheuy Condition, ony etna % Bee: Sranned with MamCnnanae Gel i < Te Yoo into ach. junchion mk be ezpal to the Yovo Gi gu Junction, Tht 4 daw 2 continily Guaticn. = The abgdoaic sum 9 head asses arcuud tc lop must be Feho. This means tat ta cach Soop ‘Ue toss Q hes dase de 4eeaitrg lowing in deckuiw direction rust be eral 40 tote had due to plow in anitdakubte direction = The head Joos Jn each pipe 41 expremeh os hy, [Rs rah] ate value 9h dipends pon te, dengt Ogpipe Alamules pipe § thy Qyiction pp = The value 0 10" igh turbulent gow Ht 2. WET, he Meer = HHA) at = une —— _ (qeicxtig® sea (ney Tas Wet, bye 7Q- as whe, re Yxlex fel agia = This bund Jase We uch pipe a peat qtoop & lao in Pipe 4s clock. ~ Gonerally pipe neivotk prcblom fy diggieutt’ 45 tele avolygtiatly. Hence, the mithods a Auccentive approximations are uid, Cote Method 1 ty one Auch method which ‘ty emrmnerliy ed. * © Procedure s- bf Bad dled a Dad Aliintbabion @ Uicharger 2 nade. aibtbwy bub Jn guch a way dha Ake Continuthy equation Jia jabiaed abd junction. Scanned with CamBcanner 3 i oh Te ANumed Valuer 4 @, tle east locr tn cao pipe A Glouloitid acterdling do Aw equalion Sy Now coriteler any deop, the algebrate Aum a fread dostet Youd ead oop mutt be zero. Thi) meaut hah te each sloop ote q had aus ao ylowtng clochustse clinedtion, rut! be erat ty tote oy uack dur to plow Jn. antichodtuite, elirchion. D Now ile thy net head Jats around each loop tonutdler- ong headt Jots As be positive tn clockute Yow ont to be nagetive Jrantidedlusinn few. : 3 YAW nuk hua Jose due to Kurd values @ sowsel Shy Aoop i zo, shu TAY attioted value gy et tn that Loop Be coed, Bit Jy he nt head date Si ndrzero aun anand valuss 9 6 ax Coinat by sibeduciag @ Gtsectin Ag fo ae flows HU Abe Arak 34 balanced. “The cotnadtion yacto's AG 41 obtained by Age LE Eng what, @, > Miumed value Q-0. Fa turbuleti Yow, neg, ag = 22S® EVIAWGo $ A the value O48 Gornst cut bo be Positive then tt thowldl be eds to He Yoush tn athe, dloctuuire, dinechton., Pra dulabadtiss fom dhe glow in onttclorkutie, dinection, 4 Serre piper mally Common so Timo dreuthr, thie dhe 2 Clsadiont ee applied tp. te plpey, i a % Alia tw correction have been opplicd bo each pipe trv a a dcop & te abl oops @ second anfal colulotion 4 mache, z vegligable hencbion ry Sent 1 value 24 suddenly a oe Hou a, vstin Jn pipe f0 = Frsol g vote, wo WEE Cage, he yrowertuw q the ovteg voak lll be ob» : erat y's? Jasbvoyed & reply” aisle oy "aE ‘passes = TE te tase Ir Bae seconds cae Di po ee ire RN ea omy be ransreted alng? he pipe estat? ol Wblodi eat ps Sy enmeneeer ats eos do te valeting loueh vive ray pate tt v any Je He re —_ fi ty dws G highy Sp Retardation wool = Conde ety ey hows don oan tee Sp2 i He ee Bherseion) E Ct Brake bron, a4 Sp Pehraaing [ie = Me ee i : beard 2 Smee Jo Thpvipenane Alte daw ap, uate’ how chpuds ar po i op the a y “gat pi => ty thy dpi protune, oar pred on 2G) “ethay velocihy Mog. ian 1 SP da as vinbainy oy ‘ se we me le dp desuse of dhovaliress Boe pee panty. Batis . werd as wwe = PER > UE gon el, Uhm ices.“ ae ez ae elo ae Scanned with CamSeannar © 17? Scanned with CamScanner ee . k= SY “2 Gquoding os 9 bE do gain a shan eangy Head prams. HB * oe chy ee ee ae oly ck 5 Le 3 e ar a gel ; © Te vale dows, ds ssid oo be qpaduak ay ae Trot hse, trtime in aec 8 : “ ce velodly @ proe OS 8) Te vole danse ty daid obo tuddie a | Te Sk whan . corvelodty qpipeiare L ee oe aS sy Sdn eee 6 we 6 pee Ms : toe te Bigid * a eee et - Sudden cases Quveve & pipe # Riis = og ida eee eey ls Li abe pipe Saysigi’ € valve. petted ot ade, eu Se tani oa eel ae oe OE pra haddeny bcs 2k oan Spee Ly, Exmodibin 4 eich 9 pipe matat LE Re axa yds q-ppe tai ab = sti aan je pe mala e : : seindane! usuresclan te wiley haan ve we xe cota Abacus a Pekan a 4 Pusllunes v'gg plpe wall Prfnuuily a pramure, wove producd se fe Bat moda 2 ae D> Sonal op pip plel Wh Daw valve 2 closed suddenly eecaue op high Prustune! op dettensthy. «Pruitt be produced Jn che water ue dv dia high poitiine p, Grubnjgwatial & Jongihe- cdinel sbumer\in “te tpipe tao uit be produced. ther She value Si dosed suddenly , Bw KE Qe deuing olin Hcniendect) rite sbrabiviensnoy ay woah, "OY Be yd” gy pletion ss naglectid. & plpe-cgall, Je it rama poiedly 2g or [ay date gy Hnetic wwagy =" meth Tr La, elongpaiaal he dre pipes, rem : ae Fes Gaemmnyamtial + + Gp oy shai stag 3(F) tome |S cae ela “re The mageitide ig Dhte aboues ons gin ot i 2 * ro : ¥ cvarege ES ag) + at be Bog LB 1 —— Bnei ake A 6: Bt! Scanned with CamScanner 6 | f Di Nee apenas 9 poe nit twat] atdeat Inv pipe mater mie = £ [gee See ae LY nm a cu dee LT. oe +, Shae esigy! ated Se’ plpe maluttab por ult won [a nat he a = pt a Tab volame._ of PRE natatal = Tote Tetat abaiy ouigy dloted Jy pipe mabaials = Strole, 33g pereantt: vol cab vet ddddd Time taken by Prewure wave Jy travel prom dhe valve fo thy fonk & ported do Bo valve LA, Ts Time aaquined Some daben by pramune eave Le length ay pipe C= velocity oy pretune wave sen EN wae: bh é CRY Trou, ida dishane © bth > ab eo 7 peo Tine = _ Dias, aftr 2 Velocity a ps. wave el WS op * TNR Scanned with CamScanner a c= fe 7 1962500" = 409 ws _ ck “pV 1000 500 m and of Zig me vaive ts ad 2b _ 2x 2500 The rat dbs =357 Ie 1400 a 5 Va 15 ms teh. From equation 1 =2500m cla Di D=500mm=05 m ze Time to close the valve, T= 25 seconds ra Value of, C= 1460 mis cla Letihe rise in pressure. =p ier 1 _ 2x 2500 The ratio, 2h aM a3. ok pressure ifthe pipe is considered to be ease ta a ve radu me and K = 19.62 x 10° Neen? for water. Cal i it sure of valve fs said tobe gradual. ee one From equation (11.33), we have if 7'> —, the closure of valves a ok tress develope ipe wall. 2b x V=15 mls, L=2500m,D=05 m Here re scoand 2342 ate 17> 2E and ence vv clot gral OB oe ecient unt For gradually closure of valve, the rise in press fen by equation (11.31) as & For sudden closure ofthe valve for an elastic pipe, the rise in pressure is given by equation p= BYE = 1000 2500 x 23 = 150000 Nin? fe vx [oD oH T Spe pavx [Pais - = a i 7 Lae 1962 x10" * 1962x107 HI is closed in 2 se, find he rise in pressure behind © [=¥ ‘oblem 11.53 If in Problem 11.52, the wae in oe PI te etsy (0 i Assume the pipe tobe rigid one an « (09x10? 254510) = 19.62 x10 Nn Py Pee eae * Hon. ikea: yg oe 2500 Epo Sorta tests Jem. Ans, = 2XD _ IN155x0: = PRD ITSO se 9 nt ‘D-= 500mm =0.5 m Tasiodaseevaie, TBH CTE ttt hs Bulk modulus of water, K = 19.62% 10" Nien “pe etedinal sess given by, j= PXP _ ATLSS 05 brew fen? boo a fi FOSS 05 5143.45 Nim, Ans. =F yos60 x 10° 10* Nim? = 19.62 x 10° Nim? al Problem 11.55. 4 fe jxal wi Velocity of pressure wave is given bys = 2 CTR zien “Te Solution. : Diameerofpip, Ds 150mm=0s a Uy Thmesetpe, —Taygemets € ee Scanned with CamScanner™ bt aR E Al ou DDPP PY ia bee poet) % Chcumtpaen Fee xAseq 7 = poet > Jratlow Joutitle. Q tencionf&ree = RF f aend = pad = = ae | } e b+ Liquid gee |p ote = Pe | rad = Pxaxd = | Pease Benyresforeton = pied iO erulonis Creuse = TOME Kars. b Wer iquidd. op Laight 3 VO= Or V Fata a OD Liam BE = Welgur: Cea oars = Sash The uote rd 1 ee = tipleovercyow cCHoxany = Wh =fh= are ‘Scanned with CamScanner gett ~) premure pore 2 a elon pCa” po tim lt = bene £ 5 + poeigit ote ue oe es, SR. |r ®)= Sigh — tobe Soh, FY rbdudyx| J . i 2 9 i _ ' a + ftedule> 03 Ky namics oy fluted tise. eo GE =y-opem, | RR PE? Soe tote he ‘gulls Equation of Motion + [Rete Ped TR pms oom onic oc manton a gresuuse WH olepin t= Tee [iy Prous pean) bn cnet plows, ete ore oe fi pone (CGR) adn So -oppenile cLemactn a pares Wyeon on ee cD: r= fpr [at)or] aa = Hip > Sey, roe oy were ybatl elms = Wlese & any Rely gy He ped Alem 2 oe egy fi = KAA MAR. Boe = Fy=0 rae ees (22 )es]da =e =ma, aor =[Eey] Bow] vote 2 [pedo we m={xv aqxded sxe " . . ie 7... »- 6 “> Rescals bavo + hommal soumeuies: ZEEO SZ _LQ fpyvled Un tmbe masomd | | | | | a : ‘| iiainiaed ee Prema on bh = Pron Pl if Q i 2 1 } i i 2) Gretned Seale Column Monomer. P= gh Sto ~ fig-h © : 2 esate wleapetin getele §:H2) + Apply Burwoulla Bq" Pe py Ue Be ae 6 5g. A Quaptee Meter > App Bernoullk @gnat section DEG) , 4 +2ytU =P, a 0 eB ty 4h 4 % EAE dl SPE rf: PE Ten, de aa Upaagh | 8 = Magn Oz a0, F = pay 9, Aacet8~ 50 [vcore -v1] pBhet urbe 1a app Deaneetltea Fe) Vee 2g dy | [War '= Oy Vigh lomentn Gquattoni- ' | fusgorede adieetion = Peep ee | Foe ~Apforr] | | | 7, ASIN ~ satv,sine) cron = Fa potuletivht, Quapsoae Anal Mleauchpisses | reset 04 versed (Cr) \ Compe’ ase OO. Es] . ot ai re gartcal octane yoage | aon, Vee Gea cee tae Y Coxtticrent of dizcrarge . (Cle Bast Bin. = Peco e| Meaty Hlerg nt Poet our * mobeuly aa = Genfe ~ a] Bin= ea gp Bupice x Vell a oo Sa agh 1 go Coesptiost Conrercton (CG) i Caz Gey exnn cv C= Va Guu) ane Netcher andl etre y~ » discharge over Pectaripulas Neth > Asea= Lxclde “in = Vag i Bde = Gre toca comp v¢ HheoutialY AG = Col hseclh x AFG de Gintegnate Hibbaideoaeee dd teat rn i i cas CabeAa cep * View | AD = CA x den @)(r—m) Vigra i o-H ae Jetsteno pies Hews ploes | peictronal Lerces dtpipe pense bs spp barca aX RP. = Suh "| are © Tiel aaa: least Aten » Vitec | retion| feubstane, pu une Fa 4 Ave i Fay Api lecolon gore cin onto itil : Bone ~RO ” _ apievt sHtexe Oy “8 ek J n / dete deed tlie sor posed | OF Appty Buwedlia eqn at suction DEG) whem (hem afur —y2) =o 5) G. *9. 2 Forced discetton of plow Fa (PRA quid [ese =mv : @O 2 far '& 3M omankinn Monaninat@ 6) =f Avy: 0: Change: In netdmactusn | tae = pore ialemmermonerseste ae Tomas | =4 Cb) ~@¥) 6 Containita gh Awe AY, a FAY %M) OD Rqpake 24>@e® Cate oat 0, ye dG yy Componral pipee chy tip thet tbe th, the, $= he! y He 44[ayd + by? 2 > agl Bet AR + aut) ibd d le ysvaent Pi peri pebtheh Ad LM? AaY,™ hav Mra [LME a Male ball) oO) 6 i Ne a4 NE Soe 7 ‘ HAE 16h Le i has Be > : roe ar ae ar © ae ay tae agra he ake the 4 bet fe gs ae tar Flas basen ax cupuies Gq uations. paodate'ron Kinemabs off fee Spe niente eee fe acy nrg ei LT ni eae = 4 euvdy da a mange deoicn > Suclynda $B, fou (aga. era , : & peteiue Hirough #96 ® ~ Mos Havough BE OH . = BD [Suctyate] de ; Geta of Ioee In x-olbetten, anh Wht a y BZ olineetin + Scanned with CamScani ee nn Jey t o) * tle qeu a ees = fay +200 oig:80)] duds = > Maun ay qa “oy the, Qtr A = fdeclyda, Qote Pievecen ieitn Hime de = Be (sax yale) y : Le equate B® Bf su) +g pC4) +35 Co) =0 tye Geady 480) Bt VP fem wocongteisoe iutd Pe Content = un +2W. =O oe az n3iQ - ieee > Beret t potential A Stream function. g = ¢lu42) : 5 U=2b 5 Be Bd Ws 26 PPPIPPPP PPP ppppp p pupensriimrucar Def y Zu pO ee Be 1% me <0 Bae 7H 4 2e oO Vetrcter potential 4 i. oS Ste en : = ic Be exo it ee “Ee Maile Se Origices ond Hout pieces “iso wee 7 Orie ; - Bo @ small opening q any cuss Actin Aucn_a3 Tso Belen, atangutas, puclangular ee on the Hide ob the brtton 6 the dank, tisough whith 0. Yid 4 fouling RB | A mouth piete :- 3s a shot Jonoitle Q-pipe, which 4 24> 3 Le ime at domain, Jin Jengile, Biled in a donk ot veel a Oe ws ma on se nny WS Ze eg fee r geht. tice = ‘ Orkie an emiied on the beh aie Aize /Ahape, Lie Ndlire Q tchasge. & shape 3 aptbreow “pe iy Bepanding eda Mee tek yl som TS] arte g oe. . Small rife ~ Lange ctizice © D Bepereting on tet, Goss: sakimad ann. ; ~ Gules, Hikice , ~Tolanguter ovpice - Syne cite. on He Al pms mes ~ Freedisdanging dice, rawr 2 diane ie T= sa. De e Fully dubrunged obfico Potally sabmesayal ice Scanned with CamScanner re m vy Flow “dew Dwugle on ctifice + ( oy be cnn: a nk a eth 0 Sa RS Alice Sn one! op ty atelay ar shown A Jig, “pS ob H be the hod gdh ; ck Liquid above ty cele op “te oR Aijgee. The Liquid plouiing © Biswought the | Alice! pons, jeer’ ; ; 1. Xiquich whose: dato O fs ti" oe! “one vet thaw tha @ aijice y Tne area rs. he Gq fie goer on. duowaing & ot ten TS Se | Se, tho area ts Pbnbwun, Tis gectin 4 ged sot eg om i ae ‘al theoalias oe aif 8 | SPRUE BD gay dhe 6 fies \ fe i age ga cscs ' te dnonsead tae by she gaat Goruics. 2 pis Lat at thao bis ode fe EE 8 a a oe. leh De ow ti whody &, oo Applying Bernoulli's ey al (62 ey rag ag |> e es|= is ee + + LB ne lS pe 7 & oe ee, TM value Gy vasidt pion 0954 OM ph dip ove Cynara G7 O4e iY dakew Jo Abdp ged erjice Brannae with (ari carmer 4 eo TNO og = Ghing muna , hill age oe ce ong jt ee | ewes | Es oss Velue yosies yon 0.) 470.69. Inequnusal, the le, ae ce fe way “be talkew oney | ay F BE IS Gna * OMB G Vier velo | Sayfsial q Bhoasye Co oh ore Ge Gut 2 Addal vedo x adtital arse, = . Seen ete ee | Ee] as * Astesin nip 2S lock Cad) RO eesti dese — ati Ceepcs vena et Bg ‘ mtg Gib pom ox alge LO de lay pil |i Yor ditt be cea | Vs actuab velo ‘gi jet tee 5) Tae dit, a vat toe VE didance y qesge ee Pay sd dal bh j F elt é ‘ [3 vaos aa mb & The bite Grothe, th ai, feet ns 3 octane ting. Soa, Sa ait own. Tian. Side. Dane jee, Scanned wit d with Pam@ son: Pocdens t= pou had wate overor crigice ade brim y Jom, fod we adual dixkange & aclisa’ ty g, jet at Vena-Grilzacte, Take C706 & Cy *O-Fi- J Guewt- Bem, d=o.0um =p fe Bat = 1.25610 rt Qaut 2. Ve =? Qe AG, , Vac *&y Vy Vin Vagh = Satine = oom) * Vad = 0.99 x1y. 00% © 13.42) 5 A i y - é Sie . eo 8, AN, =H soqg? x 1y.00F ~ 0-085 mie Ny +. Out 0.640.014 = 0.0185 rAJs ey - een G = p— ay eS Pare © Br Tebuad. valey on © cle an slice, g Atemdn hagn cn . fomm J wm, Rnd te adtiiad dikdasge, rough whe orice £1 OSA, & abe fade cong ditdange, 7 ae ot mb am FE 2 By ci rt Heine Wo JT BRETT = bya whe Site? Quk = 0.35 x10? nik a Gane Aan = Eth ybas)= 13.406 we o.8SK Io? a 13-20 x16% = QrO6ll : ibd dees Scanned with CamScai Scanned with CamScanner | RA Fh g uaty Suing gore 0 dhep ely wool oie, Udes a content had «p toom ab a codain Point, hey a hedzontal € vailal cncdinstes vreau fom Veta-Gnbyada i O% sou & los em supectively. Find abu value g G € alo frd ane value Q & A Gros — Gear ceoam, YeeOS Mm, Heo.tne ©) Vadis dchege ab a ral 9, 462 alt tlecug 0 taom tayades, veal sharp edged otifice placed a 4 conta Fuad 9 fom. A petal on dh Jet rreanuneels prorn shy vena, Gonliect, hay Gotdlinahs Sr hetizental € 0-5Um vedtical, Find Be, Ge,G aq abe aigce | \ Pelee dello aallleeh q-= . 0.2 04s > Grew gas 98. ans le ing . i FixopsKot Ae Nomis clam =P an Elola) 0.013 me GB. 06 pore Helom, X= ksi. ye. & ” oaas 728 X= SM, Ye o.Shin | The baad 9, waler ont ax ce @ diaweln Jooma Ji ! for, dle wake, Coming ouk prom. chikice 34 chteobid, tno. Grewler teak 4 dtamatin 5m. Tee ale @ water Jwel tn Hw took 34 pwr Sn a5 see alto tus @-eAdinattes Be e-peint on tas JA rrnoturedl Hem ene Corbrackts ane 4.3m byuttrental £oSm vobab. Rnd dle C16), Ce 5 Gren: A Givens doom =o-1m, 5 a=EloN ez. 8x5 | on AeA = a” Sys) ces nt TIM, AP OSHC, we U.8m , rose, Cae? ye? Ge? = 0.0706 wile BA Flpe torn Jn camden het a-noczel attaches cbs tt at De dtdhaoge tnd, the diowdly oy Ye nozeel ty Soma. The nate a, ditarye 9, wate, Uaougle the nozzel 46 dole, Pind the, Porcine ah ae bate nocreh Js 5.96 Nltue. Cladak Ans etgcent oy dinchosge Pitume that te bow @ nozzel E outlet og norzet an ak Jame elation, Od = fo. 1Accaxt $ as Batt. 0.0106 oo,6 ! Bn” orot oh I t bee cpp Om a5 Pipe * DOH Wye eco oe Sot woe ie ~ Scanned with Camséanria Scanned with CamScanner MECH goin prom otifeeray , Ha °S G0.46 le “P be any bj point 0) intuxsection @) clue jes Corning por Aw tities © & © LL bay heAizental ditlauce oP’ en Kat dittawe prom'P’ cto onyieeco € @) muspectivnlyy ay wh 0.0045 V, 70-05 Wy Subittate in Gc!) hy ery we Sg 8 = Blv-er)

F Ys efygta)=r (OH) wom Ge ee ee one WaSS > LATS | ‘ SGA | SR GVA dosed vay onbain, wilen up doo hulghitoy 18m & j STE one cy wetew ajar Jno aby having prtiune =6 => Ya=dm S cong” SEE A donk has suo dential ongice on one 9 90 vortloal dss. The upper Alice ds 3m bow the, wala Aurjace & dowxrone 4 Sim bdow wil Aniice 3 che value, @ Gy fob tad diigce 4 00, Fad the poi of drtoaection du fet > G/70-46 , high Hye pom otiticecy © 1, =m ¢ & < — 5 q = wl aaah hy eS I" re 2 i > b } ‘Scanned with CamScanner AGE whe Cotigled oboe abmasphuic Prune ak she bitin 9, Be vere theme ty cm Alffco q Alanis oor. Find she aate @ Yow g walker pom eikice, Take C10.6 A= O-1% 5 Eat «£09 : = P. dae AS x16 mn. Qe Gino.c =e 3m Rea = az ad 4 etm, B fro ye (Cobmncgpharic prettuse) = O+o4 Me 4 : 7. hE ye VHGA aK 9 Me = 18.65 re Qin = Pads 2 Pgsrs?x13.65 = 0.10% nile Ce Oat Ly Meg CQ, & genset aus noun nie ee 4 A doa. sone potelly Gud wit, wnkia aps Falg hh op Om hang an ehifice q diaendlen Isr ah Je, oti a dow Jack. The dix ds pumped Ante upper part 6 tone Qebrrnine Jha posse reins {ge dinharge gis Urlsee. Siro de eae. Bee Ciro.6a - Roe Pp Hasty el la fasg ee. dhe wale auajgce, he prtuat hod 4, 00° § 1 Ub Sa the velocity a dw autlet @, Ake cNisiee = JaxioSP 4 6s Vp = 0-0 JP+ 4-20) ve = We toe Get = Ca - > Gut hay = Oar Adve oe Plt. «)} = g5exi0 H nln Wh fF Sram diaritr nozle dihanges O76 ino Ho whan ake hud ue Gom. Tre diameter @ athe jet oh 23. Sram, determine oy Be value a G6 W) Loss brad dus Zo puid sutistonce — drone =d5m = 0,095m © Aronte = Fors) = y.docas niet | ad = 0.46 nin => one we = 0.0126 nie Scanned with CamScant | | | ® hep Prply Bercoullit en at outlt @. nooeel € ao Boo job 9 wala AL * Gol 1-G-019) 5h e-06m9 Bead eae iB a Ye dibs 2upect so ak: hide ay am fh ab moll. PEE, ++ Gatun mad ples 7 fae Cerda'o) Gorukagant moubly pleve Cea > Grvegent_avergert raille piece : = 7 ah te outleh q TS. Beperding upon dhe nibs g didharce © rouitlh piece — Mosth, pleco suring) {ull 7 Heatly Peco sunning fee TR clantiteation 5 only fer tittinal mouth pieces Which are Fic @ Borda's 6) Re-eritnant mouth pieces # Pr mouth pieve, 5 Aaich do be Sunning free jp Dee fb oq diquid. aftr conbaction deeinat Joules aw side thw mouth piece. * DB tad jet aftin corbroction expands € fl aie whole rrouth ple, tt ts Frown a sraresng, Jull | ‘Scanned with CamSranner Netekes &_Weias : y= Cleat cred 0, Suc The bolo Age qite nok deed; . - : rt Wt = A de a gr meno Be HO 0. Sap. ain ove whit ae wali oe! Ly known of oun! JEqGA Ssough ax pad. cham 8 Se ke ADL. = dye a on peng ee AA sungace a ° wets! Amabl chanwel Jn auc wy ana aoe Tul . ey iiietin 9 elds CE Tn dhe tk x dal Bs beow te cep ge Ge PY Spal: olecrding de shape @ opening « wnolthe 7 Fouslioe placed in ar oR Ee, et —r Toapezddal Weni- Jy a ceniaele, Aa MOMoTAIY Bt guvolly Jn Do Re — Reckawa ped nettle ee ape op ; a >) Dilangules nate SH ye 9, ta a and a Hesdng to yyct qd o Nappe oll tw way «ein btanze shel ace fon. ~ he rh i 4 all oe a, tn ons Jig ggrsio aa prpeearateal = ral Ss grually meade g malic plat while wt oe abthouk B enade Of concnite ob masenary Abudhire ‘Se Unigeation Weds: Ngee had ols four cana ora A tang el RES eng coupe gop = Spo Rectangular weir Triangular Wer cee Persie EE. ecetding ae shape o out :- : EE => Sharp cna weit > Nemaow Cube wein “ees Ogee Ahaped wet, Sag. dng do efeck oy fides on. emerging Tappe i= Seo is with, ord corttraction Fm tes uithout todd cotbaction a ri Scanned with CamScanner its, ts ar a aa Lah, Hetwod ‘g, wales over ovat 12 Seigth op ah of ot a Cones on clnertory Hip wate G-aticha, dn & Jengle 1 at o shee ee . pede , [og] ery dae cuenta a = (yx lidh x Jagk : J. That disehange “@, Jo the, wholes webb ob cuedn Sy suk by irtgtng 0 AH. anf) atta dh > gilagh Shae aa i 2 qbfag [Re Te cca) a: oe Hel, Fos a soo Sinn nl oy bias hack o wat, advove.V vonothe o> angle og notch. ’ Goosen oH ABip Gat * Bickers ‘db’ al a cape 4 Ae Qh) dant, wddth a abip, ABe anc = aUtrh) mh o) Pireo. 9, Abip “= CH Hh) dan ae Tso velocity * Vagh; ee da> cx at 4) south dle FH Teak dbase, 8 =(" ACCith) Aaa A BQ = acu tt at 5 "etd Mak aeuenttag JTGa 08) a * Seeing jae Ee H Sel 7 3 bee [auto] neal az a~ Te hy Tee dno. ‘x Tavaay 2H ge ng Sth so mug thneets iy Scanned with Cam@ranner se edaldalaabatalatall alata BS a core, og AM ne only ene reading eH y ruguland for compalatten a dinnange 4) Menta, oy a A Wield 2) nob mentary. xf 2 Disb obs al ap citidols ate “of cod: La = RE gy Wabi oven Tew hath! : Lerdngity 9 bw ices «A 7 Sa = o-tye G disthorge ; a MEP Poition nged. CA op qeaiainge ja at ‘pain. [FADE Bee) Tae dinhaage tcugle co peabibe ase are Q.- Sa gy roe The dischaage Abaughe.2: aed 2PDA & BCB opal be hy dindasge gages, Sie dice ty Se, ee Oe cada say Hi ere omigh srpecidal nats oety PCa? 28+, 8 > Ratiapuhs Hoa Ty wh ‘Scanned with CamScanner Bas deyieed ot abe vee lids whide Bho water approoches ob rachel sn, weds of Rate beche ib plows over it. ‘ Thus 3p Ve de ate vilocy a Vapproadh, thon On additiowal Wad he egal ts VE Jew to wdod.hy . § opproad ; liadting con oi0 icone pout OVA the noth. a wd Tron tnitiad idle "oy coeds mex Bayinatth’ Lesbos CHtha) 8 Baad iheight, becomes eyaal, as ha Thane AL dhe ptiwular ou chonged taking ints Corniidura- por Mr MO, eRe Ws io wie 8. oe OF a ata TRA Va dy und dy nck /om Castel ene ove ; rdechigs (* ): Ayala aw dixharge' Si “aladahd, ¢ aboe procs Sb epeated jor, mote acterate,dinceng Shdaage ove a sechoagulen: Gale, ite velocity Q ach eo es 8 eau ZL ne] p 5 do Peal eal ra racic we A wuts hovkng a. asicle : Crert dr Freon a4, baoacl. Ousted weir. La He halght q-waltr, above , Sea hy out ' Ls haga g xa he hand qpematons eo Be wibdelLe "of sents dohtdh 3 Ve elay a flan: er, ect. inks Note Jp aU FH, te webs Lerealid orbad evita ug ee reac a . Applijingy Busnoullit cqpotien Jy De ERD, wat sy on ole de. & rung wokis ob the) depres, Wrasrows oa het 35°38 OF04H =o: PKR ete ok 4 ii GER het i Ta ichige owes Well @* G. Waree ap yloworvda he qe hut Oat =cu Be Py, => @~G, XM 8 > Gx an TagGrRD + Gx Leh taaGcn) 874M Ta] —@ ‘Scannes -d with CamScanner The ditdaasge eaitl be macinum, 3 (inte) Ba Ua oe - 2 ahey- ahh eo" | aks shy aneah | he 34 Sexi ela meg ar value Aah im oO f Brae * XL ata Gal . eof . at si Aw we “a Gxix ge] ae dN aR ston 2 POMS, EP, 7 xbxlag x 08849 we vo 2 Oty TT RAL 36.2 195 GLH, diag: ek nol ate 2 . AH odds seen saa ds Sasa, Dube ee an ia neoarall ster upto marina Haight § (Q.Ns v4) (phan hea conker abever inlet wes) & thug, pls Os Avon in fg, TU arte emul Cambro p> ager" ; Syl ORL. iin) PT ae Shaye oop nu Q fr dpellttt wie - partialar ype oy vbmpencital ‘Ah, wea, the Aloping sides. : st he an iin 4 Phu sider op abde pels)? Surwtte bids waking S ieee). CES he a a we a CIM gies due Sto Ge Ata eer sem an partion on whe, Q eur tide” ‘Scanned with CamS¢anner fa Dectangulas, weby uit > ook cordracttont O = 2 ang (e-o.aHt) a Fr 2 wei. whe, dong = Oe Rees a WSO Te dichosge: jor hw Cipotleltt aria is gin by ; ‘ Oey rag (uso EE Gag a -t ul a S agate & Los 4 Ay aes reeled ball lala ll lc Troblend -— i pa eg wt og pea. suing rh 80 eg | when ake non Fuak ote du nettle 34 Boomen. Take G=0.60 Gen = Lea ,Hotoonm 030, 7 a B= Bqilag i YH 2 gz0.512 ae gane FamAnlod = acostt OF Bawa, dha Might a veddongulan wets gy lenge 6m fo be bull omss a sactangulan chonwel. The, maximus dap, Quoc on thy uptrean side a the wir ds 1-Pm € ditchorye JE 0c tr|sec. Take Caco-6 & raglect cod tontractions . > Gita Le bre, Cyr06 = 3000 likes: > dooax 1d ree (ul ws » welt mo . ch @ Baly H es 000Kt0 = Bxo.6x6 xJaxstl a 120.1823 (PP Gung He 030 HgtHy-H = 1-8-0583 © 1-zm © Phe hiad.g wantin os a sedangulia eld 4 foorm The dincarze 5s doo xfs, 4nd te Length gp thw volt han C2043, TO Gitta = 209m , G2 FM Is? whe , e064 Leg > Peay Soox1s? + Bo. caxLXtO9.8] xeoa} => Leolam Scanned with CamScanner pita thy Veneele #1 peowm, Aroe \ . rroldw op angle” Je tat a aoe a ne [wher beac > Oe 5 M3", B= Swabngy 155 e a 8 Leven snaix ER oh sac 4 tape © ofuvards partes hacrg a sarge 7 angle wth. Tike Gg rastorgin Alonguln of 0-08 Go.BH Mp. Find Sh ip ove langulan, > Chen: 20.62 DY Lei, He isormm=o.sm Wee OFF", G20.59, HE? Fa rudengula we: @> Rei lag tt ‘ | 9+ $xo.gaxi[ BRL x couse one ih | fe Mast get csmity fag Hi vlog? O° £x0.59 x Jan Ia, JOEL nH He - 0.07626 (ue ovine He 0-35Fam i Semel Cat, Phe, oe elelelelebdedolcbad-dat fal alal lal lala adabaliafafIl 6 w2iles Your Mooush a inlanguler aight anglect Wh fuk @ chen oa aecborguler uelr Op Int cid Gd Me uk ann 0.004 gulp. the depth, wala ove crinagular weit 4 3so mm, fnd the dept, water reclanguutar weir — oe Onqe’ ate He 360 mn * 0-369, ao G06, gap n=) Mr veis :- Om Ley tant, Jaq Pa 5 8b xocxden esp EAR xG2)” > 2:02 rf whe ge Lal He e lor = Bpo0.t4 AVR (HY oe H ~ 0.0531 => Heo.ylero OA Sectanguias, Chommth 2am uiicehat a dicdang Q asoltids UN & rruntuaed by a sight onglecl v-nolh. Find the Pusttion qa ope a ahw notch prom ko bet thes Channel Js maxionum depth «wate, Ja not do exceed 13m. Tole Groéa > Plat hal #630 UT \ Zee ta egy oe Urls, Qeo6e he oe Qe asoxio? mis i Scanned with CamScanner ed ‘b 8+ h eteney) sag OO" * asoxic® © Le rosea ptangys A @) HY » o.toce He OURS m Reition q sw ap du = (HH) = &3- 04nd * 28! | Vn wide at Dw op & okm at Ww belom g iy down 4 height, The hush 0 ste vation the heteh ty apem, Aine Gag O62 & Cue 0-6 | 7 G-o+9, 22 ju O Say x + BO, sont a we | | | C4, Tpuidlnni, Bate uldlh oy, | Jf: hugh q roleh = a0an © 0.8m He Boum “oam , C2062, Grae donth= 1. G-oWh . 03 Be OF 0.3 , G= Zeocaxoiyn Feat) Xo. hb deal oy th, ‘ Sh a) + Leo-exig aH (0-2) GF D065S FORT = o.or0ts wy Goon, hatha head op-toatia over tke out g wei 2h [ eke ie 806m, inch welis yom Chonacl lh Ll DA ol ch bcd oS ed ob Sor boF oP footer Awe Wer. Taleo Girosga wugledt end conbctions , the velaity 9 appree dolp Conticlralion > fia beim, drods = A~bid Le Gom = 0.6m, Hedocu eo. am , CLr0-6> eluo-ts 70.95" Orda irae e = Axo.ca xo. 6x fauqal x G2)” = 0.095 wife + 0.1310 ms. D) a8 SrZar rag [wm 4] * $4062106 SAT [lo.9+ ¢-44n04)*- GH asl] Q= 0198 rik — Find the ditcharge Ove a. Dectawgulan uxin oy length loom. + baad gual ova wel Lh 1.5m, Velodly o approach Urgpal do oS mle. > Letom, Helsm, Ve*O5m|c | cyeo.¢ zs Gy i 4 Rath 8+ Socg [tansh bs] > FXOGK loos JOT [Gsraany_ @omyy] = 394.34 Wk = GALT 2 0.01944 m Scanned with CamScanner DA recongadavusin oy out dee OO alan Rathi 9 20k gor bet 0.6m Wealuse ake oabng yoo q oey 8 eae sige pth q dowel = 06 40.54 Chawel too ice cen forme Oboe tho ett & 0.4m Ha Gramma J Ans witb contideration & Cas 0.693, a A> uidle xdeph = onftxogy © 0: 4623 mn 8 Sau a 7 0-44 x JET 4(0.39) Qr0.62. > 2Fornm= 0-08 « Aegrotm, H > Gaen: LeSoum 0.5, qzoea, Ge) a Q= Re SR He = Dpo.cat0-5 JRA xQ-01)* Q~ 0.0204 wire 0308 v=o we 010804 _ oo. odeqy wang daa o.1x0-4 mls far Me. G02. cratonio% 4 2x93) 8+ 3 ting [Gtnc™ bk] = 2y0.683 cot [6.31-+0. 0109 (oloy)*] ge 0.38ty vil she | ae Squag [ono a] é ( = 2 socaxo.s[ MAE [Got teatons)*. (Cetons® 4 2 OP Fink. sp aon oct opltih cats Loge an, how q 3 = ow the writ Sb hw, Take Cye0.¢9. 8° Satya eh Gf rocana IaHCO* = 3.66 vile |e Priupraied ruckaagulsn weir ts Gntutlih aes go (ori vol. gout gh Goon dine wat ata haa j wank over dle moldy Ji 3cornn Bad ate inane ov, dhw wif ret, Hs hee the channal Foon atde § So tw datp. Tike, Cu20.¢. G06, L.6m, KH? 036m > bel sottm, Heo.3¢m Spratt wets weant has Ae utd 4 fo uldts op thw wets, That ah Hw 5s no end @ritrackion, Scanned with Camena. nc, ‘Scanned with CamSc: | . 7 2 v.$40-6 Jet H = segh’ ibeanv Aide oy weirs cag cn jee BRE re eS. 8+ Reutra5 ay Q Si Zeit Quay yee wes) * Zeocen ce [RaMeR = o20ie wih q Gar CK Ara & Horr Vino (Pe Waco, epproed, y p 5 td aH “eamgleast al] Sei cheage, B= ato, ab [St SHG Cubs ca, Un BZGED a yer o 08896 20. 54 ms s ‘ oy UGA booed crit weir a Som leng te has Foun height op Vealia, above th cut. Fd dike pond discharge . Take Gro.6, Neglect wlodty @ approach. PA, vdedity 4 opprodah St am be taken Srits Conichenaliow a (ft Sle mantra diuhasge chew the chive has efe LI, atl a ata. dy Sort or she upsbean Aide Bg ic EN + : Grae +405 64 t [Gethay nih] TE gets har veg var = G1 5x0.6n 500059" ae 20. 2c) mls BH aeag ~ SEUXI Br Mosxo.ceselGste eniF)-Comst] 8= 18-48 ek EES fn ogee uci sin tong hat a hued oy Hoo & watin. Scanned with CamScanner chy weir Rrschasge ocugh dange dn icle, Crnniden 0. Large raddangulan orice fn ove gq Be took dincrasging prey Snim abirrasphve, 5 Ky Garo, 6 Bnd lbw dsehaage, over — Gr0.6, Le5m, Heoum eu) ah. Qeighim ith ~ 0.0 SxJB QO a Bee dart ha i a Uhm Jn £3 aaah oe pk, Hye height gp (eit ure ne 16S The igs walt on uptran @ dnonttean Alder 0, 2) ‘ went ge] | dubmagal uth g bm diag Gnu: doe & 19cm aupeskinen de Apt @ ofjte aoa g deny. Hed Griidis an derrestany HE ap & dep, ‘dh’ od a . or oH below Dew ob REP ¥ ete. Sy why A ca dh pee & drowned, pritions ore 0-6 & O.Y cusp. Find thw dindhasge ovr ake webs « S Ghewi- Loam, Heo am, G06, G08 Be Dey, IH (hy + ayn, Jagat) | + Bx0.6x 34D (0-2-0119 + 08K 3X0-1 f2x4-i(0-a-o-) | Gx 0.5042 Heh ‘ Sa 1 Arua @ abtp = badh ie Thudttial veodty a wate, dnacugh stp = Vag : Bindwage Aoough Atip de = CX anaxy, [des 1Ginbxdhx Jagr: = GbIaR ah Bj setey 9g re, abere, epunlion bl Anite Hy eH, dow | sigh dithtge egh he whe yee obitvast - Qa braRR an. nit | 7 Scanned with CamScanner 7 ls We On Cu bag i Vie dh, » Qbug el he Ay % me ge at ) Rak tru clircharge Horcugh a naclanguias oiyco gin aalde & 1S 0 deep lethal to 0. wail, dank. The | pon set lowe 45 gen above cho chop eclge | 4 tin once» Take Cyr oeg, ' » beam, de Jom Hye 3m Ee ta Hoe Myth, = SHS? Sm 3h) » as Ba org (phn) i i ; _ ot] = Byogex aTaaa US i 3 Qe 15.41 vis. 2 et ia fl a ; mihi Sole G reincteep 4s % A decangulas orice aati Sa A ne He | disdoaging vsatix piow & vewel »p i ad iow Why utiles dtoyace Sn DAS versel Myce de OGM below ee athe Glastethe sei dischaage, tboougle tin atyice 4 . E parentage: caret. jp Bre ciyie, Lr taended 04 & Jmol orice. ' Seager aes d ; dent | peed Foc thes hem Hy 0.6m a Qe sabre lint) C0) ad 310.6404 JF fe) cle = lott m/s " PT Sr Fey ery Scanned with Cam@rannar

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