Solution
SOCIAL SCIENCE
Class 10 - Social Science
Section A
1. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
One basic principle of democracy is that people are the source of all political power. In a democracy, people rule themselves
through institutions of self-government. In a good democratic government, due respect is given to diverse groups and views
that exist in a society. Everyone has a voice in the shaping of public policies. Therefore, it follows that in a democracy
political power should be distributed among as many citizens as possible. People give their voice to policies through various
institutions, hence the reason explains the assertion.
2. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The aim of economic development is to raise the living standard of the people and through this to raise consumption level. This
can be estimated through per capita income. Thus, the per capita income is an important parameter to measure economic
development.
3.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
The peasants were deeply disappointed when the Civil disobedience movement was called off in 1931 without revenue rates
being revised. They wanted the revenue rates revised and were thus actively participating in the movement but were deeply
hurt when they could not achieve the same. Therefore, A is true but R is false.
4.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
Activities of mining control land degradation because mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving
deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Maharashtra overgrazing are
one of the main reasons for land degradation.
5. (a) - (iii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (ii)
6. The developmental goals for landless rural labourers are as follows:
i. More days of work and better wages.
ii. The local school is able to provide quality education for their children.
iii. there is no social discrimination and they too can become leaders in the village.
7. The song 'Vande Mataram' is composed by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.
8. i. Excessive cutting down of forest trees should not be allowed by the Government to conserve forests.
ii. More trees should be planted in the forest in place of cut down trees to conserve forests.
Section B
9. The two steering wheels in the cartoon symbolise that the German Government was driven or run by two major political parties
(namely the Christian Democratic Union and the Social Democratic Party).
10. i. Calcutta
1/3
Cbse
ii.
11. i. Black soil covering Gujarat region
ii. Arid soil covering Rajasthan
iii. Forest and Mountainous soil covering Arunachal Pradesh
Section C
12. Average or per capita incomes are useful for comparing the economic conditions of two countries but they also hide disparities
and inequalities.
They do not give the true picture of an economy due to the following reasons:
i. They do not tell us how equally or evenly the income is distributed among the different sections of the society.
ii. They do not give information regarding the various human development indices such as literacy rate, infant mortality rate, etc.
iii. Averages do not give us any idea about the non-materialistic goods and services i.e. the ones that cannot be measured in
pecuniary terms.
13. i. Main Cause: Large scale overgrazing has caused severe land degradation.
ii. Measures to check include:
a. Afforestation and proper management of grazing.
b. It is important to rejuvenate the grazing areas especially permanent pastures and forest grazing lands. It should be done in
a scientific manner.
c. Grazers should also be forced to make optimal use of renewable natural resources.
Section D
14. Horizontal Division of Power Sharing Vertical Division of Power Sharing
2/3
Cbse
A. Horizontal Division of power, in which power is A. In vertical division of Power Sharing power is shared among the
shared among different organs of the government like different levels of the government like Union Government, state
legislature, Executive and Judiciary. government and Lower levels.
B. Different levels of the government exercise the power of the
B. Different organs of the government exercise the power.
government.
C. It specifies the concept of check and balance. C. No specification of the system of checks and balance.
E. It ensures the concept of the expansion of the
D. It ensures the concept of deepening of democracy.
democracy.
E. Examples: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary are the E. Central Government, State Government and Panchayat Raj are
organs Government of India. the example of the Vertical division of Power Sharing.
15. The Rowlatt Act had been hurriedly passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in 1919. The Indian members did not
support the Act, but it was passed.
During the Indian struggle for Independence the British government passed a law named after Sidney.
Rowlatt who was a government official, whose work was to find out who was behind Indian independence support and
stop the changes responsible for the Independence were mainly.
Three officers were there in this commission and all were Britishers. Indian freedom fighters called it “Black Law”.
The act gave enormous powers to the government to repress political activities. It allowed detention of political prisoners
without trial for two years.
On 6th April 1919; Gandhiji launched a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act. The call of strike
“Hartal” on 6th April got a huge response.
People came out in support in various cities- Rallies were organized in various cities, shops were shut down and workers
in railway workshops went on strike.
3/3
Cbse
