SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

CPE 614: PROCESS INTEGRATION

PRODUCTION OF DRYING OIL

ARIF HANAFI BIN MOHD ZAKI 2020983171

MUHAMMAD AZRIN BIN MOHAMAD YAMIN 2020975413
NABILAH BINTI JAIS 2020982523
NELLISA SHARIZA BINTI AWANG RAMLI 2020970415
SAPPHIRE MOUJING 2020970361
SITI NUR AMNANI BINTI MOHAMMAD AL- 2020515487
AMIN

PREPARED BY: EH220 5B

DATE OF SUBMISSION:
22TH JULY 2021
LECTURER:
DR NURUL HAIZA SAPIEE
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 3

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR DRYING OIL PRODUCTION, UNIT 500 ................... 4
Stream table ............................................................................................................................ 5
2.0 PROBLEM TABLE ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 6
3.0 HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK ............................................................................... 9
4.0 FEASIBILITY STUDY ................................................................................................ 11
5.0 GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE .................................................................................. 12
6.0 AREA OF HEAT EXCHANGER ................................................................................ 13
7.0 ESTIMATION OF UTILITIES COST ......................................................................... 15
8.0 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 17
9.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................. 18
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Our company is very keen in increasing our share towards the UN Sustainable Development
Goal through various effort, especially related to energy consumption in our production plant.
Our plant mainly manufactured drying oils which were among the first types of thermoset
coatings and are included here more for historical significance than for modern utility. Drying
oils are liquid oils (triglycerides) that cross-link and solidify when exposed to oxygen in the
atmosphere. To achieve this, the fatty acid portion of the triglyceride must contain at least two
unsaturation centers (double bonds) on a single molecular chain. These double bonds may or
may not be conjugated. Drying oils are additives to paints and varnishes to aid in the drying
process when these products are applied to surfaces. The market for drying oil in Southeast
Asia has been assessed to be growing.

Drying oil (DO) that are manufactured at the factory are usually from acetylated castor oil
(ACO). Both of these compounds are made up of a combination of elements. However,
acetylated castor oil is modelled as palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid (C15H31COOH) for modelling
purposes, while drying oil is modelled as 1-tetradecene (C14H28). A gum, modelled as 1-
octacosene, can arise as a result of an unfavorable side reaction (C28H56).

The chemical reactions are as follows:

C16H32O2(l)→CH3COOH(g)+C14H28(l)

2C14H28(l)→C28H56(S)

Based on the discussion with our team, the plant has been designed at its efficient use of energy.
The detail analysis has been provided to prove the claim. We have provided thorough analysis
including the exchanger network design and its suitable utilities selection that have been taken
into optimum considerations on the cost implication and trade-off.
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR DRYING OIL PRODUCTION, UNIT 500 (Turton et al., 2018)

Figure 1 Unit 500: Drying Oil Process Flow Diagram

Stream table (Turton et al., 2018)

Table 1: Stream Table for Unit 500

2.0 PROBLEM TABLE ANALYSIS

Table 2 Stream Data extracted from PFD Drying Oil Plant, ∆ Tmin= 10℃

Numbe CP Heat Shifted Shifted

Supply Target Temperatur H Heat
r Equipmen Capacity Supply Target
Stream Type Temperatur Temperatur e Difference Duty, H U
stream t Flowrate Temperatur Temperatur
e (°C) e (°C) (°C) (MJ/h)
, (kJ/°C) e (°C) e (°C)
1 E-501 5→6 hot 342.80 175.00 -167.80 -6329.00 37.72 337.80 170.00 0.0008
2 E-502 7→10 cold 175.00 344.80 169.80 5569.00 32.80 180.00 349.80 0.0008
3 E-503 7→9 hot 175.00 108.00 -67.00 -1029.00 15.36 170.00 103.00 0.0008
4 E-504 9→12 Cold 108.00 252.80 144.80 719.00 4.97 113.00 257.80 0.0008
5 E-505 9→11 Cold 108.00 119.20 11.20 230.00 20.54 113.00 124.20 0.0008
6 E-506 10→13 Hot 344.80 170.00 -174.80 -4962.00 28.39 339.80 165.00 0.0008
7 HP 350.00 349.00 -1.00 -179.37 179.37 345.00 344.00 0.0008
8 Fuel oil 400 370 -30 -157.43 5.25 395.00 365.00 0.0008
Utilities
6138.7954
9 CW 25 35 10 613.88 30 40 0.0008
5

Shifting Rule:
∆𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛
Hot stream = − = -5 ℃
2
∆𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛
Cold Stream = + = +5 ℃
2
 CPhot- Hi=ΔTx[CPhot- Surplus First
i Second Cascade
ΔT CPcold CPcold] Deficit Cascade
0.00 336.80
1.00 10.00 -32.80 -327.97 deficit
-327.97 8.82
2.00 2.00 -4.41 -8.82 deficit
-336.80 0.00
3.00 80.00 33.31 2664.55 surplus
2327.75 2664.55
4.00 77.80 28.34 2204.96 surplus
4532.71 4869.51
5.00 10.00 61.14 611.39 surplus
5144.10 5480.89
6.00 5.00 38.78 193.90 surplus
5338.00 5674.79
7.00 40.80 10.39 424.02 surplus
5762.02 6098.81
8.00 11.20 -10.14 -113.60 deficit
5648.42 5985.21
9.00 10.00 15.36 153.58 surplus
5802.00 6138.7954

The pinch temperature 337.8 ℃

The hot pinch temperature 342.8 ℃

The cold pinch temperature 332.8 ℃

The minimum hot utilities, Qh, min 336.8℃

The minimum cold utilities, Qc, min 6138.8℃

The Heat Load for Cold Stream, ∆ 𝑯C

∆ 𝑯C= (5569) + (719) + (230)

∆ 𝑯C = 6518

The heat recovered from the process, Qrec

Qrec= ∆ 𝐻C - Qh, min = 6518 - 336.8

Qrec= 6181.20 MJ/h

The Heat Load for Hot Stream, ∆ 𝑯H

∆ 𝑯H = -(-6329)– (-1029) – (-4962)

∆ 𝑯H = 12320 MJ/h

The heat recovered from the process, Qrec

Qrec= ∆𝐻H - QCmin = 12320 - 6138.8

Qrec=6181.20 MJ/h

∴Qrec=6181.20 MJ/h

Based on the PTA results, the hot utilities utilize more heat than the cold utilities. However, the Heat
Exchanger Network is needed in order to oversee the possibilities in this production.
3.0 HEAT EXCHANGER NETWORK

Heat Exchanger Network, HEN is a major method in solving the energy saving. Through this method,
the ability of installing heat exchanger can be achieved as it was placed accordingly and consistent to the
rules.

Above Pinch Below Pinch

Stream Pinch Temperature

342.8 175
1 u 435.97kW C
717.6kW
342.8 175 108
3 283kW w C
746kW
344.8 342.8 170
6 230kW v C
4675.23kW
344.8 332.8 175
2 H x
336.8kW 56.77kW 5175.43kW
332.8 252.8 108
4 z

332.8 119.2 108

5

Figure 2: Heat Exchanger Network at ∆Tmin= 10℃

 No loop and Path identified for this grid diagram

 Above Pinch

∆H ∆H CP Stream Pinch Temperature

342.8
- 37.72 1

342.8
- 15.36 3

344.8 342.8
0 56.77 28.39 6

344.8 332.8
336.80 393.57 32.80 2 H x
336.8kW 56.77kW
332.8
- - 4

332.8
- - 5

Qh 336.80

Figure 3: Heat Exchanger Network for above pinch at ∆Tmin= 10℃

 No loop and Path identified for this grid diagram

Below Pinch

Pinch Temperature CP ∆H ∆H ∆H
342.8 175
u 435.97kW C 37.72 6329 1153.57 717.60
717.6kW
342.8 175 108
283kW w C 15.36 1029 746 746
746kW
342.8 170
230kW v C 28.39 4905.23 4675.23 4675.23
4675.23kW
332.8 175
32.80 5175.43 0 0
5175.43kW
332.8 252.8 108
z 4.97 283 435.97 0
0
332.8 119.2 108
20.54 230 0

Qc 6138.80

Figure 4: Heat Exchanger Network for below pinch at ∆Tmin= 10℃

x u v w z
Temperature,°C 334.53 312.22 178.10 156.68 165

 No loop and Path identified for this grid diagram

4.0 FEASIBILITY STUDY
Feasibility of above pinch

Feasibility check (1 - 2) Feasibility check (5- 6) Feasibility check (3 - 4) Feasibility check (1 - 4)

312.22
342.8 342.8 175
ΔTmin=60.22°C
ΔTmin=10°C
252
332.8 178.1 ΔTmin=223.6°C 165

312.22 ΔTmin=137.22°C
175 ΔTmin=10°C
119.20 ΔTmin=70.1°C 156.58

175 108 108 165

The feasibility check of above pinch is obeyed the Cp rule which is, CPH ≤ CPC

Feasibility of below pinch

Feasibility check (6 - 2)

344.8
ΔTmin=10°C
342.8

334.53

332.8

The feasibility checks of below pinch is obeyed the Cp rule which is, CPH ≥ CPC
5.0 GRANDCOMPOSITECURVE

GRAND COMPOSITE CURVE

420.00
410.00
400.00
390.00
380.00
370.00
360.00
350.00
340.00
330.00
320.00
310.00
300.00
290.00
280.00
270.00
260.00
250.00
240.00
230.00
220.00
210.00
200.00
190.00
180.00
170.00
160.00
150.00
140.00
130.00
120.00
110.00
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1000.0

1200.0

1400.0

1600.0

1800.0

2000.0

2200.0

2400.0

2600.0

2800.0

3000.0

3200.0

3400.0

3600.0

3800.0

4000.0

4200.0

4400.0

4600.0

4800.0

5000.0

5200.0

5400.0

5600.0

5800.0

6000.0

6200.0

6400.0

6600.0
Figure5:GrandCompositeCurve
6.0 AREAOFHEATEXCHANGER

Figure6:AreaofHeatExchangerofColdStream
Calculation Cost Heat Exchanger by Area section

Table 3: Area of Heat Exchanger result of calculation

Section Tlmtd ΔH/U TOTAL Anetwork(m2) Cost Hex($)

1 41.32849058 393750 9527.32593 6684128.151
2 12.0989041 448425 37063.27418 25959291.93
3 10.13538109 141950 14005.39345 9818775.415
4 24.95139544 6559874.991 262906.1371 184049296
5 65.57754538 7346265.004 112024.0924 78431864.69
6 107.4048074 693315 6455.157981 4533610.587
7 138.6764559 714280 5150.694076 3620485.853
8 179.536269 12419440 69175.10358 48437572.5
9 145.7583049 546875 3751.930294 2641351.206
10 110.4819215 2380800 21549.22695 15099458.86
Total 541608.3359 379275835.2
7.0 ESTIMATION OF UTILITIES COST

Above Pinch

Table 4: Current Heating Fuel Values - July 14, 2021

(Fuel Prices | Energy Division | NH Office of Strategic Initiatives, n.d.)

Figure 7: Cost for HP Steam (US Dept. of Energy, 2012)

Price Fuel Oil (Conversion $/MMbtu to $/MJ)

MMbtu to J Unit
2.35E-08 $/J
J to MJ
0.02 $/MJ

Price HP steam (Conversion $/MMBtu to $/MJ)

MMBtu to J Units

7.58E-09 $/J

J to MJ

0.01 $/MJ
Cost Hot Utility

Utility use ΔH(MJ/h) $/MJ Cost ($)/h

Fuel Oil 157.43 0.02 3.70
HPS 179.37 0.01 1.36
Total Hot Total Cost
Utility 336.80 Hot Ut 5.06

Below pinch

Table 5: Cost for cooling water (“Tutorial 6SE,” 2017)

Heat Duty (Conversion MJ/h to kW)

MJ/h to kJ/h Unit

6138795.45 kJ/h
kJ/h to kJ/s
1705.22 kW

Cost Cold Utility

Utility use ΔH(kW) $/kW Cost ($)

Cooling Water 1705.22 0.1 170.52
8.0 CONCLUSION

Total heat exchanger unit required for Drying Oil Production are seven units. Heat integration analysis
were not performed due to less heat exchanger unit during the production which lead to zero loop and path
required. The cost for hot utility including high pressure steam and fuel oil that had been calculated was
5.06$/year. Meanwhile, the cost for cold utility which is cooling water is 170.52$
9.0 REFERENCES

Fuel Prices | Energy Division | NH Office of Strategic Initiatives. (n.d.). Retrieved July 22, 2021, from
https://www.nh.gov/osi/energy/energy-nh/fuel-prices/index.htm
Turton, R., Shaeiwitz, J. A., & Bhattacharyya, D. (2018). Analysis Synthesis and Design of Chemical
Processes.
Tutorial 6SE. (2017). Jpn J Med Ultrasonics, 44(4), 385–388.
US Dept. of Energy. (2012). Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation. Energy Efficiency &
Renewable Energy, 2. http://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/05/f16/steam15_benchmark.pdf