Experiment# 1
Title: "Study of Rectifiers Using Di9des and Thyristors"
Objectives :
1) To study the operation of single phase half wave and full wave rectifiers using diodes
and to study the effect of capacitor filter.
2) To study the operation of single phase half wave and full wave rectifiers using
thyrsistor
~d to study the effect of firing angle
(, Equipment and instrument required :
- Power Electronics Trainer set
- AC Voltmeters 2 nos
- AC Ammeter 1 no
- Oscilloscope 1 no
Circuit diagram for experiment :
IL To Oscilloscope
A~
R2
l_ cl
+24V L 1 , - - - - - o 1
OV N
R 2 = 2200 , 50 watt
c 1 = 400 µF, 450 v
D1 3 A, 600V
Fig.1.1 Circuit diagram for single phase half wave rectifier with diode
Procedure:
l) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig. l. l and get it checked by the teacher
2) Select the proper range of ammeter and voltmeters.
3) Tum on the power supply of training module
4) Observe and note down the waveforms of input and output voltage and load cunent .
5) Note down the magnitude of input and output voltages.
6) Connect the capacitor C 2 across the load
7) Repeat the procedure (4) to (5)
Observations :
...
r
...
r
Waveforms of output voltage without capacitor
,11-
Waveform of input voltage
....
Waveforms of output voltage with capacitor
Without Caoacitor :
V 1 = ..........Volts V2 = .............. Volts IL= ....... Amp
With Canacitor : =
vl = ......... .Volts V2 = .............. Volts IL= ....... Amp
2
Circuit diagram for experiment (Part -2 full wave rectifier with diode):
To Oscilloscope
y-_____,.y..--0
D1 li 6D3
I I
R 2 = 220Q , 50 watt
C 1 = 400µF , 450 V
D1,D 2 ,D 3 ,D 4 3 A ,600V
Fig.1.2 Circuit diagram for single phase full wave rectifier with diode
Prvcedure :
1) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.1.2 and get it checked by the teacher
2) Select the proper range of ammeter. and voltmeters.
3) Tum on the power supply of training module
4) Observe and note down the waveforms of input and output voltages.
5) Note down the magnitude of input and output voltage and load current.
6) Connect the capacitor C2 across the load
7) Repeat the procedure (4) to (5)
3
Observations :
~"" ~"'
. .....
Wavefonns of output voltage without capacitor
Waveform of input voltage .4
...
Waveforms of output voltage with
capacitor
Without Capacitor :
V 1 = ......... .Volts
TL== ....... Amp
,
With Capacitor : ==
V 1 == .......... Volts V 2 == ... ... ........ Volts IL== ....... Amp
4
Circuit diagram for experiment (Part -3 Half wave rectifier with thyristor) :
To Oscilloscope
,G
I~,
,~ "
I
+24V L n - - - - - - u I I
. I
I
I
I
N
I /
i
) /
l Gate IR+
1
1R- 0
\ Anode I o
Thyristor firing unit
Fig.1.3 Circuit diagram for single phase half wave rectifier with thyristor
Procedure:
l) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.1.3 and get it cfiecked by the teacher
2) Select the proper range of ammeter and voltmeters.
3) Select the single phase mode in thyristor firing unit
4) Tum on the power supply of training module
4) Observe and note down the waveforms of input and output voltages with zero firing
angle
6) Note down the magnitude of input and output voltages and load current.
7) Increase the firing angle to certain value
8) Repeat the procedure (5) to (6)
5
Observations :
-~ ·~
.......
Waveform of output voltage with zero Waveforms of output voltage with firing
firing angle angle> zero
With finng angle = 0 :
vl = .......... Volts V 2 =- ...... , ....... Volts IL= ....... Amp
With firing angle> 0
J
V 1 = ...... .... Volts V 2 = .............. Volts IL= ....... Amp
Circuit diagram for experiment (Part -4 full wave rectifier with thyristor) :
C:L ' A To Oscilloscope
+24V
\o-l IQ
N I
C.i.
Fig.1.4 Circuit diagram for single phase full wave rectifier with diode
6
Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.1.4 and get it checked by the teacher
2) Select the proper range of ammeter and voltmeters
3) Select the single phase mode in thyristor firing unit
4) Tum on the power supply of training module
4) Observe and note down the waveforms of input and output voltages with zero firing
angle
6) Note down the magnitude of input and output voltage and load current.
7) Increase the firing angle to certain value
8) Repeat the procedure ( 5) to (6)
Observations :
H. J~
\-
--,.- .-
Waveform of output voltage with zero Waveforms of output voltage with firing
firing angle angle> zero
With firing angle = 0 :
vl = ......... .Volts V 2 = ............... Volts IL= .. .. ... Amp
With firing angle > 0
vl = .......... Volts V 2 = .............. Volts IL= ....... Amp
Review Questions :
• l)
2)
Describe the volt-amp characteristics of a diode and thyristor
In a half wave rectifier circuit with diode, how the output voltage is related with 1he
input voltage ?
3) Explain, how a capacitor filter will reduce the ripple in the output voltage.
4) Derive the equations for average value of output voltage ( as a function of firing
angle) for half wave and full wave rectifiers with thyristors
Discuss your observations and results .
l
Experiment # 2
Title : " Study of Three Phase Rectifier Using Diodes and Thyristors "
Objectives :
1) To study the operation of three phase full wave bridge rectifiers using diodes and
to study the effect of capacitor filter.
2) To study the operation of three phase full wave bridge rectifiers using thyrsistors
and to study the effect of firing angle.
Equipment and instrument required:
- Power Electronics Trainer set
- DC Voltmeters 1 no
- DC _l\..mmeter 1 no
- AC voltmeter l no
t - Oscilloscope l no
Circuit diagram for experiment :
To Oscilloscope
R s
N o---0
R 2 = 220Q , 50 watt
Ci = ~ oo µF, 450 V
Fig.2.1 Circuit diagram for three phase full wave bridge rectifier with diodes
8
Procedure for three phase full wave bridge rectifier with diodes :
1) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.2.1 and get it checked by the teacher.
2) Select proper range of ammeter and voltmeters.
3) Tum ON the power supply module.
4) Observe and note down the waveforms of input and output voltages.
5) Note down the magnitude of input and output voltages and load current.
6) Connect the capacitor C2 across the load
7) Repeat the procedure (4) and (5)
Observations:
. .
.
r
....
Waveform of input voltage of a phase Waveform of output voltage
Input voltage (V 1) = ....... .... .. volts
Output voltage (V 2) = ............. volts Load current IL = ......... amp ,,
9
To Oscilloscope
--.
I
I
l
I
I
24 V
R s T
8
(
J
N
R- o S-;-6 S- o T- o
6
o I q ? 0
I tz.
't'i
Thyristor firing unit
Fig.2.2 Circuit diagram for three phase rectifier Vl·i th thyristors
Procedure for three ohase rectifier with thYristors :
l) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.2.2 and get it checked by the teacher .
2) Select the three phase mode in thyristor firing unii
3) Tum ON the power of power electronics trainer.
4) Set the firing arigle == zero
:5) Observe and note down the wavefonns of input and outpui vo \Lages .
6) }'.;o Le do",·n the magnitude of input and output vo \:a ge and lo ad current
7) Set the firing angle approximately== 90(·
S) Repeat the procedure (5) and (6)
10
'.)bservations :
...
,h
_..
Waveform of output voltage of a phase Waveform of output voltage
for firing angle = zero for firing angle = 90°
For firing angle= Zero
Input voltage (V 1) = ............. volts
Output voltage (V 2) = .. .... ....... volts Load current IL = ... .... .. amp
For firing angle = 90°
Input voltage (V 1) = ............. volts
Output voltage (V 2) = ........... .. volts Load current IL = ......... amp
Review Questions :
1) Make comparison between a single phase fullwave rectifier with diode and a three
phase fullwave rectifier with diode in terms of output voltage and ripple factor.
2) Derive the equations for average value of output voltage ( as a function of firing angle)
for full wave bridge rectifiers wi~h thyristors
Discuss your observation and results.
11
Experiment# 3
Title : " DC to DC Conversion Using Chopper "
- Study the Operation of Chopper with resistive load
Equipment and instrument required:
- Power Electronics Trainer set
- DC Voltmeters 2 nos
- DC Ammeter 1 no
- Oscilloscope 1 no
Basic Theory :
• Fig.3.1 shows a simple DC to DC chopper installed in the power electronic trainer in the
laboratory. A pulse generator delivers sharp pulses, whose repetition rate is adjustable by
the potentiometer. These pulse are used to fire the Thyristor Qn-
Ds + DC
+ Q\3 Li
I
VIN
VouT
'
VIN !
!
\
\
0 6 -C3 D9
..L
Pulse Gen
l
()
Min Max
Frequency
Fig.3 . l DC to DC chopper
12
When thyristor Q 13 is fired, current flows through the inductor L 2 to charge C3 and to feed
the load through D8 • C3 and L2 can be viewed as a resonating circuit receiving current
through Q13. The voltage across C3 will rise to input voltage V TN and will continue to rise
(resonating overshoot) to the point where Q13 is reversed biased and cuts off. Then C3
discharges exponentially through the load. The same cycle will repeat when a new firing
pulse for Q 13 arrives.
Circuit diagram for experiment:
,.
,...._ +
+ Qi3 L2 Ug
nr-
.Ln...,
VIN
1
I
...l..
I 1c, D9
Yom
Pulse Gen
l
To Oscilloscope
Min Max
Frequency
Fig.3 .2 Circuit diagram for gate signal study
13
To CH-l(Osc) ~ - - T o CH-l(Osc)
O 0
...L \
I PulseG~ I
Min Max
Frequency
0 0 0
R s T 24V
N Qr----.....:
Fig.3.3 DC to DC chopper with resistive load
14
Procedure:
(a) Observation of gating signal:
1) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.3.2 and get it checked by the teacher.
2) Turn on the oscilloscope and adjust the zero setting.
3) Set the frequency potentiometer at middle position.
4) Turn ON the power of power electronics trainer.
5) Observe and note down the waveform of gating signal.
6) Increase the frequency of gating signal by two divisions and note down the waveform of
gating signal. ·
7) Again increase the frequency of gating signal by two divisions and note down the
wavefcirm of gating signal.
(b) Operation of chopper with resistive load :
1) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.3.2 and get it checked by the teacher.
2) Turn on the oscilloscope and adjust the zero setting.
3) Set the frequency potentiometer at middle position.
4) Turn ON the power of power electronics trainer.
5) Take the readings of ammeter and voltmeters.
6) Observe and trace the waveforms of input and output voltage.
7) Increase the frequency of gating signal by two divisions and repeat procedure (5) and
(6).
8) Again increase the frequency of gating signal by two divisions and repeat procedure
(5) and (6).
Observations :
SN VIN Position of vout IL
frequency potentiometer
1
2
3
Discuss your observation and results.
15
r Experiment# 4
Title : " Study of Three Phase PWM Inverter With Resistive Load "
Equipment and instrument required :
- Power Electronics Trainer set
- AC Voltmeters 2 nos
- AC Ammeter 1 no
- Oscilloscope 1 no
Circuit diagram for experiment:
PWM Inverter
~c,
RO S T Lov
N
Fig.4.1 Three phase PWM inverter with resistive load
15
Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.4.1 and get it checked by the teacher
2) Set the frequency setting at minimum and voltage selector at 'Zero'
3) Turn on the oscilloscope and adjust the zero setting.
4) Turn ON the power of power electronics trainer.
5) Observe and note down the waveform of output voltage and note down the readings.
6) Keeping the frequency at constant, increase the output voltage selector to position '2',
then Observe and note down the waveform of output voltage and note down the readings.
7) Take one more set of readings with the output voltage selector to position '4'
8) Set the voltage selector at 'Zero' and frequency selector at middle, take the readings of
ammeter, voltmeter and frequency meter. Trace the waveform of the output voltage.
9) Keeping the frequency at constant, increase the output voltage selector to position '2' ,
then Observe and note down the waveform of output voltage and note down the readings.
10) Take one more set ofreadings with the output voltage selector to position '4'
Observations :
II
I) Frequency =
SN Output voltage VOUI IL
Selector position
1
2
3
II) Frequency = .......... .
SN Output voltage ' VOUI IL
Selector position
1
2
3
Discuss your observation and results.
16
Experiment# 5
Title : 11 Study of single phase AC voltage controller with resistive load "
Equipment and instrument required :
- Power Electronics Trainer set
- AC Voltmeters 2 nos
- AC Ammeter l no
- Oscilloscope
l no
Circuit diagram for experiment :
r -0
To Osc
\
I
I S+
Vour
S- T+ T-
o I o 0
G) OR,
I-
I
\ Gates
i 0 o \ o o I
\ .A.node
Rl s T 24V
b 0 o·
.....__,
~N ..,.
Fig.5.1 Single phase ac voltage controller with resistive load
17
Procedure:
1) Connect the circuit diagram as shown in Fig.5 .1 and get it checked by the teacher
2) Turn on the oscilloscope and adjust the zero setting.
3) Set the firing angle a. = 0°
4) Tum ON the power of power electronics trainer.
5) Observe and note down the waveform of output voltage and note down the readings.
6) Inctease the firing angle a to certain value.
7) Observe and note down the waveform of output voltage and note down the readings.
Observations :
SN VIN Approximate VOUl IL THD%
value of a.
1
2
,.,
::,
Discuss your observation and results.
18
