Research Relationships and Functions
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ScribdTranslationsSIMON RODRIGUEZ NATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL UNIVERSITY
RESEARCH AND EXERCISES.
RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS. PRECALCULUS
María Fernanda Alfonzo Jiménez
C.I27.964.601 Section-E
RELATIONS
In mathematics, a relation is a set of ordered pairs. As if it
it will try to coordinate points, a set of ordered pairs, forms
a relationship.
Relationship
It is a non-empty set of ordered pairs of values.
For example, the following set is a relation:
(1,2), (2,3), (1,5), (7,-1), (2,-1)
In a certain way, we can imagine a relationship as a form of
indicate how two variables are related. For example, in a list of
assistance, the relationship would consist of assigning a number from the list to each
person who is on that list.
No. Name
1 Avendaño Apolinar Aaron
2 Arcadio Domínguez Joas L.
3 Bravo Cruz Julio César.
4 Chamlati Guillén Geordi.
5 Chargoy Rosas Claudia I.
6 González Flores Gabriel.
7 David Flores Sobrevilla.
8 Guillermo Motilla Zapata.
9 Sobrevilla Santos Isaac.
10 About Villa Lieutenant Gabriela B.
A function f can be represented as a set of ordered pairs.
where x is the input and y is the output. For example, the function that raises to the
each natural number can be represented by pairs
ordered.
A relation is any collection of ordered pairs. If the pairs
ordered from a relationship are denoted by then the set of values of
x (0entries) is the domain and the set of y values (or outputs) is the
range.
Relations the correspondence of a first set, called Domain,
with a second set, called Route or Range, so that each
an element of the Domain corresponds to one or more elements of the Path or
Rango.
Functions are a relationship to which the condition is added that to each value
The Domain corresponds to one and only one value of the Route.
From the previous definitions, we can deduce that all functions are
relations, but not all relations are functions.
We must also add that every equation is a Relation, but not every one.
equation is a function.
All relationships can be graphed on the Cartesian plane.
Given sets A and B, a relation defined from A to B is a set of
ordered pairs (ordered pair) that make a proposition true;
In other words, a relation is any subset of the product.
Cartesian A x B
Example 1.
Si A = {2, 3} y B = {1, 4, 5}, encontrar tres relaciones definidas de A en B.
Solution
The Cartesian product of A x B consists of the following pairs or
ordered pairs:
A x B = {(2, 1), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 1), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
And each of the following sets corresponds to defined relationships of
A and B:
R1 = {(2, 1), (3, 1)}
R2 = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
R3 = {(2, 4), (3, 5)}
The relation R1 can be defined as the set of pairs whose second
element is 1, that is, R1 = {( x , y ) / y = 1}.
The relationship R2 is formed by pairs whose first component is smaller.
that the second component, R2 = { ( x , y ) / x < y }
And the relationship R3 is made up of all the pairs that fulfill that the
the second component is two units greater than the first component,
in other words, R3 = {( x , y ) / y = x + 2}
Thus, one can continue listing relationships defined from A x B.
As can be seen, the rule that defines the relationship can be written as
equations or inequalities that relate the values of x and y. These rules
They are a convenient means to pair the elements of the two.
sets.
Example 2.
Dados los conjuntos C = {1,–3} y D = {2, 3, 6}, encontrar todos los pares
ordered (x, y) that satisfy the relation
R = {(x, y) / x + y = 3}
Solution
The Cartesian product of C x D consists of the following pairs
ordered
C x D = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 6), (–3, 2), (–3, 3), (–3, 6)}
The ordered pairs that satisfy that the sum of their components is
equal to 3 are:
R = {(1, 2), (–3, 6)}
Any relationship is defined if the starting set and the set
of arrival and the rule by which the elements are associated. In the example
previously, the starting set corresponds to set C, the set of
arrival is set D and the expression x + y = 3 is the rule that associates the
elements of the two sets.
Domain and range of a relation
The domain of a relation is the set of pre-images; that is, the
set formed by the elements of the original set that are
related. To the set of images, that is, elements of the set of
arrival that are related, is called route or range.
Example 3
Set A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and R the relationship defined from A to B
determined by the rule 'y is double x' or 'y = 2x', find
domain and range of the relation.
Solution
The total number of ordered pairs we can form, or Cartesian product is:
A x B = {(1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (1, 7), (1, 8), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (2, 7), (2,
8), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (3, 7), (3, 8), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (4, 7), (4, 8)}
But the pairs that belong to the relation R (y = 2x) are only:
R = {(2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8)}
Thus, the domain and range are:
D = {2, 3, 4}
Rg = {4, 6, 8}
According to what we see, what is the relationship between the Domain and the set of
departure?
In the Domain, element 1 of the starting set is missing, therefore the
Domain is a subset of A.
Another question: Is every element of the target set an element of
rank?
The answer is no, as the 5 and the 7 are missing from the range.
Functions are relations, but not all relations are functions.
We must also add that every equation is a Relation, but not every...
An equation is a function.
All Relationships can be graphed on the Cartesian Plane.
Cartesian Plane
Given sets A and B, a relation defined from A to B is a set of
ordered pairs (ordered pair) that make a proposition true;
In other words, a relation is any subset of the product.
Cartesian A x B
Example 1.
{(2, 1), (3, 4)}
Solution
The Cartesian product of A x B is made up of the following pairs or
ordered pairs:
A x B = {(2, 1), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 1), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
And each of the following sets corresponds to defined relationships of
A and B:
R1 = {(2, 1), (3, 1)}
R2 = {(2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)}
R3 = {(2, 4), (3, 5)}
The relation R1 can be defined as the set of pairs whose second
element is 1, that is, R1 = {( x , y ) / y = 1}.
The relation R2 is formed by pairs whose first component is smaller.
that the second component, R2 = {( x , y ) / x < y }
And the relationship R3 is formed by all the pairs that fulfill that the
the second component is two units greater than the first component,
In other words, R3 = {( x , y ) / y = x + 2}
Thus, one can continue listing relationships defined from A x B.
As can be seen, the rule that defines the relationship can be written as
equations or inequalities that relate the values of x and y. These rules
they are a convenient way to pair the elements of the two
sets.