1.

We … our system to be more successful because it is

necessary.

Present Modals a) may change

b) could change
c) should change
Have/Has to -Africa has to progress. d) do not have to
ZORUNLULUK Must -We must use water e) mustn’t change
GEREKLİLİK Be to wisely.
TAVSİYE 2. Social media ... very useful for several purposes like
Should -High inflation is to spreading news, keeping up with celebrities and
Ought to decrease.
….malı following friends.
Had better -People should help each
…mak Need to other. a) must be
zorunda ***had better -I need to go now. b) can be
….sa iyi olur. past değildir. -Universities had better c) have to be
…. ması support scientific projects. d) cannot be
gerekli
e) needs to be
Can -Oil resources can 3. People under 18 ... cigarette from a market or tobacco
OLASILIK Could exterminate in the near shop. It is forbidden.
İHTİMAL May future. a) can buy
Might -Mars may have life on it.
….abilir b) might buy
Be likely to -I could visit you
….ebilir tomorrow. c) have to buy
d) do not have to buy
Must -No one can solve it. So, it e) cannot buy
must be a difficult 4. According to new evidence, cancer ... related with
GÜÇL Ü problem.
TAHMİN obesity because doctors say most cancer cases have
He did not come to work
weight problems.
today. He must be ill.
a) must be
Can -Divers can hold their b) cannot be
YETENEK Be able to breath up to 6 minutes. c) may not be
…ebilir -Chameleons are able to
d) have to be
…abilir modify their colours for
camouflage. e) had better be
5. Schools ... more facilities for students to educate
cannot -If body temperature them better because students think schools are
İMKANSIZLIK exceeds 40 degrees, boring.
…. olamaz people cannot endure this
a) can have
level.
b) had better have
Do not have to -You do not have to take a c) may not have
Do not need to visa to visit Ukraine.
d) do not need to have
GEREKSİZLİK -Customers do not need
e) must not have
to give an excuse to return
a product.
6. People can travel within Europe with a single Shengen
YASAKLAMA cannot -You cannot smoke here. Visa, so you ... different visas for every country.
must not -A real sportsperson must
a) might get
….yapamaz not consume alcohol.
b) had better get
….yapmamalı
c) cannot get
Would rather - I would rather read a d) do not need to get
Would prefer book than watching
e) must not get
this film.
TERCİH
- I would prefer to live
in the countryside 7. Actors ... their jests, mimics and voices perfectly and
than the downtown. this makes them successful in their job.
Would like = want - Many people would a) mustn’t use
like to live in a b) cannot use
İSTEK peaceful and clean c) are able to use
place.
d) are likely to use
e) may not use
1. There must be water on the surface of Mars.
 a) there can be water on the surface of Mars. 9. Cancer can be eradicated in the near future.
b) It is highly probable that there is water on the a) cancer is impossible to eradicate.
surface of Mars. b) it is possible that cancer will be ended soon.
c) There have to be water on the surface of Mars. c) it is unlikely that cancer can be eradicated .
2. Any citizen is to obey the rules in a country. 10. Students had better learn at least two foreign
a) There is no need to obey the rules. languages till university.
b) Every citizen has to obey the rules. a) Students are to learn more than two languages at
c) People in a country may obey the rules. school
3. Basic education should be free all over the world. b) It is impossible to learn two foreign languages at
a) It is advisable that basic education is free all over school.
the world. c) It is strongly advisable that students get qualified
b) Free basic education is an obligation all over the with at least two foreign languages.
world. 11. Life could sometimes be difficult and bother us.
c) Free basic education is optional in the world. a) In the past, life was difficult and problematic.
4. Bio fuels can be dangerous for the environment. b) Life may sometimes be challenging and worry us.
a) Bio fuels are to be dangerous for the environment. c) Life must be easy and people should not take it
b) Bio fuels could be dangerous for the environment. serious.
c) Bio fuels are dangerous for the environment. 12. E-shopping should be safe and easy.
5. Physicians advise us that we eat moderate amounts a) e-shopping must be stopped because of safety
of all types of food. concerns.
a) we must eat everything in moderate amounts. b) e-shopping can be safe, but it is not easy.
b) we had better consume any kind of food in c) e-shopping ought to be safe and safe.
moderate amounts.
c) we might eat moderate amounts of any food. 13. Any school has to be equipped with a gymnasium and
6. It is mandatory that every citizen pay tax to the swimming pool.
government. a) in the future all schools will have a gymnasium and
a) people are to pay tax in a given country. a swimming pool
b) citizens in a country should pay taxes. b) Every school must have a gymnasium and a
c) it is optional that people pay tax to their country. swimming pool.
7. Science can find solution to any problem. c) Not all schools have to include a gymnasium and a
a) science is responsible for finding solutions to swimming pool.
problems.
b) science is able to find solutions to problems. 14. Teenagers would like to spend their leisure in
c) science is not enough to find solutions to isolation using their smart phones and social media.
problems. a) Teenagers tend to spend their free time on social
8. Nothing can be better than sport for a healthy life. media and smart phones.
a) people can be healthy in many ways. b) It is compulsory for teenagers to use social media
b) people must be healthy without sport. on their smart phones.
c) Sport is the best way of a healthy life.
 Managed to do was able to handle
(Yapmayı başardım.) them all.
PAST MODALS Used to do -First humans used
Had to -After the GEÇMİŞTE
Eskiden yapardım to live on hunting
earthquake, we had ALIŞKANLIK
ZORUNLULUK and gathering
to live in tents for a Would do -When we were in
‘Yapmak Needed to while. Eskiden yapardım the village, we
zorunda
-I went to bed last would work all day
kaldım ve
night because I long in the fields.
yaptım’
needed to study Would do If it were not for
the whole night. (olurdu/varsayım) the money, we
Didn’t need to -The exam was would all be equal.
(Yapmama gerek easy, so I did not (eşit olurduk.
yoktu veyapmadım) need to study for it. Would have done If I had studied well
(çalışmama gerek Geçmişle ilgili enough, I would
yoktu ve varsayım. Şöyle have passed all my
çalışmadım. ) WOULD
olsaydı böyle olurdu. exams. Çalışsaydım
Needn’t have done -The exam was geçerdim.
GEREKSİZLİK Yapmama gerek easy, but I Would do The minister
yoktu sopposed it to be Yapacağını announced that the
difficult. So, I duyurdu/ilan etti. government would
needn’t have support new
studied for it. investments.
(Çalışmama gerek (Hükümet yeni
yokmuş, ama ben yaturumları
çalıştım. Tüh! keşke destekleyeceğini
çalışmasaydım. duyurdu.
May / Might /Could -I can’t find my
have done keys. I
(Olmuş olabilir) may/might/could
GEÇMİŞTEKİ
have forgotten
DÜŞÜK
them at home or
İHTİMAL
office.
(evde veya ofiste
unutmuş olabilirim.)
GEÇMİŞTEKİ Must have done -Continents look
GÜÇLÜ *Yapmış olmalı like a puzzle. They
TAHMİN (Büyük ihtimal öyle must have split up
*Must have olmuştur. from a whole land
done mass. (Büyük bir
kesinlikle kara parçasından
zorunluluk bölünmüş
anlatmaz. olmalılar.
Should have done -As it was an
GEÇMİŞLE
*yapman important meeting,
İLGİLİ ŞİKAYET
gerekiyordu ama you should have
*geçmişle ilgili
yapmamışsın joined it, but you
tavsiye
did not. So the boss
anlatmaz.
was very angry.
KAÇAN FIRSAT Could have done -If I had studied
*Beni ne Olabilirdi, ama well enough, I could
doktorlar, ne olmadı have become a
mühendisler famous doctor. I am
istedi de senin regretful now.
gibisine
kaldım 
Could do -When I was only
Yapabiliyordum five, I could swim
GEÇMİŞTE well.
YETENEK Was/Were able to -Yesterday was a
do difficult day and full
Yapabildim/hallettim of problems, but I