MODALS
A. Obligation / Rules / Necessity/ Advice ( Zorunluluk, kurallar,gereklilik,tavsiye)
1- The government has to / must / should/ needs to /ought to consider the future of all its
citizens. ( hepsi kullanılabilir-present durum)
I did not have to/ did not need to go to work yesterday because it was holiday.(yapmama
gerek kalmadı ve yapmadım-past durum)
I needn’t have studied so much because the exam was easy. ( yapmama gerek yoktu ama
yaptım-boşa harcanan emek, zaman var-past durum)
B. Prohibitions ( yasaklar)
The visitors can’t / mustn’t / aren’t supposed to take photo in the
museum.
You aren’t allowed to/ permitted to smoke here.
C. Possibility (olasılık)
Robots may / might / could do different kinds of jobs in the future.
D. Ability ( yetenek)
Mobile phones can / are able to do multiple tasks such as taking photo, connecting to the
Internet etc. ( present )
Mozart could / was able to play the piano when he was four. ( past /genel yetenek ikisi de
olur)
The boxer was able to beat his opponent although he was badly injured. ( bir kerelik
yetenek,COULD OLMAZ)
(managed to beat/ succeeded in beating opponent)(alternative kullanım)
E. Present Deduction ( şu anda sonuç çıkarma)
The concert must be in the campus. Look, it is very crowded.(olmalı)
They can’t be from England. Their accent is terrible.(olamaz)
This book might / may / could be Jane’s, but I am not sure.(olabilir)
They must be sleeping. I can’t hear any noise. (olmalılar)
They can’t be sleeping. Their lights are on.(olamazlar)
F. Past Deduction. ( geçmişte sonuç çıkarma)
1- They must have passed the exam. They look so happy. ( mış olmalı)
2- He can’t have eaten the kebab. He is a vegetarian.(-mış olamaz)
3- They could / might / may have lost their way or they are not coming to the party. We
are still waiting for them. (-mış olabilir)
4- You shouldn’t have lied to me. I can’t trust you again. (-mamalıydın)
5- When I was young, I could have become a footballer, but my father made me go to
school.( olabilirdi)
USED TO/ WOULD,( geçmişteki alışkanlıklar, durumlar)
Neighbors used to visit/ would visit one another in the past. Nowadays, they don’t even say
“Hello” .( yapardı-ederdi…)
I used to think that money was everything. Now, I believe that love is more important.
( would olmaz, çünkü durum fiili var burda )
