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Development Short Notes Class10

Development encompasses growth and improvement in living conditions, with varying goals based on individual needs. National development focuses on enhancing quality of life through economic growth, social justice, and environmental care, while per capita income is a common measure for comparing countries, though it has limitations. Other indicators like literacy rates and public facilities are essential for assessing development, and sustainability is crucial to ensure resources are available for future generations.

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33 views3 pages

Development Short Notes Class10

Development encompasses growth and improvement in living conditions, with varying goals based on individual needs. National development focuses on enhancing quality of life through economic growth, social justice, and environmental care, while per capita income is a common measure for comparing countries, though it has limitations. Other indicators like literacy rates and public facilities are essential for assessing development, and sustainability is crucial to ensure resources are available for future generations.

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Short Notes: Development (Class 10 Economics)

1. Meaning of Development
Development means growth, progress, and improvement in living conditions.
People have different goals of development based on their needs and situations.
Development is not only about income but also about freedom, security, equality, and dignity.

2. Different People, Different Goals


Development goals vary from person to person.
Example: A landless labourer wants more wages, a girl from a rich family may seek freedom and
equality.
Sometimes development for one group may be harmful to another (conflicting goals).

3. Income and Other Goals


People desire income but also value non-material aspects like:
- Equality
- Freedom
- Security
- Respect
Non-material things are essential for a good quality of life.

4. National Development
National development means improving the quality of life for all citizens.
It includes not only economic growth but also social justice, equality, and environmental care.
People may have different and conflicting ideas about what national development should look like.

5. How to Compare Different Countries or States


Per Capita Income (average income) is used to compare countries.
World Bank classifies:
- High-Income Countries: Above $63,400 per annum
- Low-Income Countries: Below $2,400 per annum
Example: India is a low-middle income country with about $10,030 per capita income in 2023.

6. Limitations of Per Capita Income


Average income does not show income distribution.
A country can have high per capita income but large income inequality.
Example: Country A (equal distribution) is better than Country B (one rich, others poor).

7. Income and Other Criteria


Other important indicators:
- Literacy Rate
- Infant Mortality Rate
- Net Attendance Ratio
Example: Kerala has lower per capita income but better health and education than Haryana.

8. Public Facilities
Money cannot buy all necessary goods like clean water, healthcare, education.
Public provision (government services) is essential.
Example: Kerala has good public health and education facilities, leading to better life indicators.

9. Human Development Report (HDR)


Published by UNDP, uses:
- Per Capita Income
- Life Expectancy
- Mean Years of Schooling
India's HDI Rank: 134 (2023-24 HDR)
Sri Lanka has better development indicators than India.

10. Sustainability of Development


Development should not harm future generations.
Example: Overuse of groundwater, depletion of crude oil.
Resources should be used carefully to maintain them for future.

11. Examples of Resource Overuse


Groundwater depletion in Punjab and UP.
Crude oil reserves will last about 50 years at current rates.
Sustainable development is necessary to protect the environment and resources.

12. Important Terms


- Per Capita Income: Average income per person.
- Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Deaths of infants under one year per 1000 live births.
- Literacy Rate: Percentage of literate people aged 7 and above.
- Net Attendance Ratio: Percentage of children attending school in the age group 15-17 years.
- Human Development Index (HDI): Composite index of health, education, and income.

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