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Development Class 10 Notes

Development refers to the improvement in quality of life, encompassing income, education, health, and equality, with varying goals among individuals. National development is assessed through economic growth and living standards, often measured by per capita income and other indicators like life expectancy and literacy rates. Sustainable development is crucial to ensure that current needs are met without compromising future generations' resources.

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103 views1 page

Development Class 10 Notes

Development refers to the improvement in quality of life, encompassing income, education, health, and equality, with varying goals among individuals. National development is assessed through economic growth and living standards, often measured by per capita income and other indicators like life expectancy and literacy rates. Sustainable development is crucial to ensure that current needs are met without compromising future generations' resources.

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aryasonwane123
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Development – Class 10 Economics (One Page Notes)

What is Development?
Development means improvement in quality of life – income, education, health, freedom, equality. Different people
have different goals (e.g., industrialist wants profit, worker wants better wages). Common features: income,
education, healthcare, security, equality.

Income and Other Goals


Income is important but not the only goal. People also seek respect, equal treatment, freedom, security, etc.
Example: A job may pay well but be unsafe or exploitative.

National Development
Overall development of a country – economic growth, better living standard, equality. People may have different
opinions on what makes a country developed.

How to Compare Countries?


Use Per Capita Income (total income ÷ population). World Bank classification (2022): High-income > $13,845;
Low-income < $1,085. Limitations: Doesn’t show distribution or quality of life.

Other Criteria for Development


Life Expectancy – average life span. Literacy Rate – % of literate people. Infant Mortality Rate – deaths of infants
per 1,000 live births. HDI – combines income, education, life expectancy.

Sustainability of Development
Sustainable development meets present needs without harming future generations. Overuse of resources like
water, forests, fossil fuels can harm future growth. Examples: groundwater depletion, pollution.

Key Terms
Per Capita Income, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR), Literacy Rate, HDI, Sustainable Development.

Tip for Exams


Focus on definitions, examples, comparisons (India vs Sri Lanka), and sustainability points.

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