1.
Types of Machine Learning
Machine learning is generally a training system to learn from past
experiences and improve performance over time. Machine learning helps
to predict massive amounts of data. It helps to deliver fast and accurate
results to get profitable opportunities.
Types of Machine Learning
There are several types of machine learning, each with special
characteristics and applications. Some of the main types of machine
learning algorithms are as follows:
1. Supervised Machine Learning
2. Unsupervised Machine Learning
3. Reinforcement Learning
1. Supervised Machine Learning
Supervised learning is defined as when a model gets trained on
a “Labelled Dataset”. Labelled datasets have both input and output
parameters. In Supervised Learning algorithms learn to map points
between inputs and correct outputs. It has both training and validation
datasets labelled.
There are two main categories of supervised learning that are mentioned
below:
Classification
Regression
Advantages of Supervised Machine Learning
Supervised Learning models can have high accuracy as they are
trained on labelled data.
The process of decision-making in supervised learning models is often
interpretable.
It can often be used in pre-trained models which saves time and
resources when developing new models from scratch.
Disadvantages of Supervised Machine Learning
It has limitations in knowing patterns and may struggle with unseen or
unexpected patterns that are not present in the training data.
It can be time-consuming and costly as it relies on labeled data only.
It may lead to poor generalizations based on new data.
Applications of Supervised Learning
Supervised learning is used in a wide variety of applications, including:
Image classification: Identify objects, faces, and other features in
images.
Natural language processing: Extract information from text, such as
sentiment, entities, and relationships.
Speech recognition: Convert spoken language into text.
Recommendation systems: Make personalized recommendations to
users.
Predictive analytics: Predict outcomes, such as sales, customer
churn, and stock prices.
Medical diagnosis: Detect diseases and other medical conditions.
Fraud detection: Identify fraudulent transactions.
Autonomous vehicles: Recognize and respond to objects in the
environment.
Email spam detection: Classify emails as spam or not spam.
Quality control in manufacturing: Inspect products for defects.
Credit scoring: Assess the risk of a borrower defaulting on a loan.
Gaming: Recognize characters, analyze player behavior, and create
NPCs.
2. Unsupervised Machine Learning
Unsupervised Learning Unsupervised learning is a type of machine
learning technique in which an algorithm discovers patterns and
relationships using unlabeled data. Unlike supervised learning,
unsupervised learning doesn’t involve providing the algorithm with labeled
target outputs. The primary goal of Unsupervised learning is often to
discover hidden patterns, similarities, or clusters within the data, which
can then be used for various purposes, such as data exploration,
visualization, dimensionality reduction, and more.
There are two main categories of unsupervised learning that are
mentioned below:
Clustering
Association
dvantages of Unsupervised Machine Learning
It helps to discover hidden patterns and various relationships between
the data.
Used for tasks such as customer segmentation, anomaly
detection, and data exploration.
It does not require labeled data and reduces the effort of data labeling.
Disadvantages of Unsupervised Machine Learning
Without using labels, it may be difficult to predict the quality of the
model’s output.
Cluster Interpretability may not be clear and may not have meaningful
interpretations.
It has techniques such as autoencoders and dimensionality
reduction that can be used to extract meaningful features from raw
data.
Applications of Unsupervised Learning
Here are some common applications of unsupervised learning:
Clustering: Group similar data points into clusters.
Anomaly detection: Identify outliers or anomalies in data.
Dimensionality reduction: Reduce the dimensionality of data while
preserving its essential information.
Recommendation systems: Suggest products, movies, or content to
users based on their historical behavior or preferences.
Topic modeling: Discover latent topics within a collection of
documents.
Density estimation: Estimate the probability density function of data.
Image and video compression: Reduce the amount of storage
required for multimedia content.
Data preprocessing: Help with data preprocessing tasks such as data
cleaning, imputation of missing values, and data scaling.
Market basket analysis: Discover associations between products.
Genomic data analysis: Identify patterns or group genes with similar
expression profiles.
Image segmentation: Segment images into meaningful regions.
Community detection in social networks: Identify communities or
groups of individuals with similar interests or connections.
Customer behavior analysis: Uncover patterns and insights for better
marketing and product recommendations.
Content recommendation: Classify and tag content to make it easier
to recommend similar items to users.
Exploratory data analysis (EDA): Explore data and gain insights
before defining specific tasks.
3. Reinforcement Machine Learning
Reinforcement machine learning algorithm is a learning method that
interacts with the environment by producing actions and discovering
errors. Trial, error, and delay are the most relevant characteristics of
reinforcement learning. In this technique, the model keeps on increasing
its performance using Reward Feedback to learn the behavior or pattern.
These algorithms are specific to a particular problem e.g. Google Self
Driving car, AlphaGo where a bot competes with humans and even itself
to get better and better performers in Go Game. Each time we feed in
data, they learn and add the data to their knowledge which is training
data. So, the more it learns the better it gets trained and hence
experienced.
Here are some of most common reinforcement learning algorithms:
Q-learning: Q-learning is a model-free RL algorithm that learns a Q-
function, which maps states to actions. The Q-function estimates the
expected reward of taking a particular action in a given state.
SARSA (State-Action-Reward-State-Action): SARSA is another
model-free RL algorithm that learns a Q-function. However, unlike Q-
learning, SARSA updates the Q-function for the action that was
actually taken, rather than the optimal action.
Deep Q-learning: Deep Q-learning is a combination of Q-learning and
deep learning. Deep Q-learning uses a neural network to represent the
Q-function, which allows it to learn complex relationships between
states and actions.
Advantages of Reinforcement Machine Learning
It has autonomous decision-making that is well-suited for tasks and
that can learn to make a sequence of decisions, like robotics and
game-playing.
This technique is preferred to achieve long-term results that are very
difficult to achieve.
It is used to solve a complex problems that cannot be solved by
conventional techniques.
Disadvantages of Reinforcement Machine Learning
Training Reinforcement Learning agents can be computationally
expensive and time-consuming.
Reinforcement learning is not preferable to solving simple problems.
It needs a lot of data and a lot of computation, which makes it
impractical and costly.
